Textile Components Research Articles

La chirurgie vasculaire avec effraction tissulaire minimale pour exclusion d'anévrisme : intérêts et limites des essais chez l'animal

The Vanguad™ endoprotheses were implanted transluminally through the femoral route and deployed at the site of surgically created aneurysms in the thoracic or abdominal aortas of dogs for prescheduled periods of implantation of 1 week, 1, 2 and 3 months. The in vivo dimensional stability of the endoprothesis was confirmed by angiography after insertion and before the sacrifice and by macroscopic observations after retrieval. Histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were performed to assess the healing sequence of the device. Microscopic studies of the textile components and surface chemical analysis of the Nitinol wires by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) were undertaken, after specimen cleaning to remove adherent tissue, to detect structural modifications to the textile structure and to evaluate the bioresilience of the Nitinol. Analysis of the angiograms after implantation and before the sacrifice revealed that morphological changes such as sliding and compression of the metal structure occurred initially after deployment and during implantation. Thrombogenicity of the luminal surface of the endoprotheses was low but the healing was still incomplete after 90 days of implantation. The lack of stability of the metal structure may explain the migration distally and the poor healing of the device. ESCA analysis showed that a physiosorbed passivation layer covered the surface of the Nitinol wires masking the nickel (Ni) component of the alloy. Ion bombardments of the surface of the wires confirmed the presence of a contaminated layer composed of carbon and other elements followed by a highly oxidized titanium (Ti) layer, and then, by the Ti/Ni alloy. Although innovative, the minimally-invasive endovascular technique for the treatment of aortic aneurysms is still in its infancy. Significant improvements are required in terms of ease of handling, effectiveness, innocuousness, biostability and healing.

Modelling effects of reinforcement deformation during manufacture on elastic properties of textile composites

The effects of deformation of the reinforcement during manufacture on the elastic properties of textile composite components have been investigated. Fibre reorientation and changes in the fibre volume fraction are considered as the dominant mechanisms affecting mechanical properties. A model is presented for the prediction of the component's elastic performance. Fibre orientations may be predicted or measured; methods for each approach are outlined briefly. The component geometry is described using a finite element mesh, and for every element fibre orientations are used to determine fibre volume fraction. Elastic properties are calculated for each element and an input deck for structural analysis using the Abaqus/Standard™ finite element code is produced. Experimental data for tensile tests conducted on angle ply laminate specimens at a range of ply angles are presented; predictions show good agreement with these data. Predicted results for a jet engine nose cone subjected to a pinch loading also show good agreement with experimental results. The effect of compaction on multilayered laminates made from dissimilar reinforcements is also discussed.

Assessment of the clothing and textile component in fashion merchandising programmes

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the importance of the educational criteria to graduates of fashion merchandising programmes. A 74‐item questionnaire based on the core curricular competencies identified by the International Textiles and Apparel Association (ITAA) and course objectives of two fashion merchandising programmes was developed. The questionnaires were mailed to 296 alumni of two universities. The response rate was 37%. Twenty‐four (32%) of the criteria were rated as most important or very important. Of these, 42% were based on the ITAA core competencies and 58% on course objectives. An additional analysis was conducted to determine whether managers rated the criteria differently from merchandisers. t‐Tests determined that there was a significant difference in only 10 of the criteria. The results of this study provided a means to assess two fashion merchandising programmes. It also provided an initial validation of the ITAA core competencies from a fashion merchandising perspective and a preliminary examination of the educational criteria for a fashion merchandising core.

A seventeenth‐century suit of Japanese armour with original textile components: Its description, conservation and mounting

Abstract It has been common practice to return Japanese armour to Japan for complete restoration. This case history describes in detail the original textile components of a rare seventeenth‐century armour which has not received such treatment. A decision was made to conserve it for further display with minimum remedial intervention whilst retaining the appearance of traditional display. The application of stitched supports for the degraded braids and fabrics weighed down by the lacquered metal components is given in detail. The means by which a traditional wooden support stand can be adapted to provide additional necessary support is described step‐by‐step.

PVD coatings for textile machine components

Abstract In the past, the development of physical vapour deposition (PVD) coatings has been concentrated on the area of cutting materials for the metal machining industry. These coatings have not yet been applied in the textile industry, where oxide ceramic materials are predominantly used for thread-contacting machine elements. In comparison with conventional materials for thread-contacting machine elements, the PVD coating has considerable advantages. Thus, investigations have shown that PVD-coated surfaces can be better adapted to the processes than can conventional materials. At the moment, coating abrasion or coating failure are hurdles which still have to be overcome before PVD coatings can be used in textile engineering on a broad basis. The service life potential of the hard material coating is not exhausted. Further investigations have to be conducted in this area.

Properties of plasma coatings from complex alumina-titania powders

Powdered materials based on alumina with TiO 2 additions [i] have found the widest application for strengthening textile machine components using plasma spraying; these additions enhance the ceramic coating quality by increasing the density and adhesion strength relative to the substrate. Mechanical powder mixtures containing aluminum and titanium oxides tend to separate as they are carried to the plasma stream; therefore, it is better to use sintered or fused compositions from this system. The Swiss company Plasma-Technik AG produces powders based on alumina (Piasmatex-OT3 and Piasmatex-OTi3 with 3 and 13% TiO 2 respectively) [2]. Powders of this type are not produced in this country. The authors have suggested a method for producing alumina powders that are alloyed with titania, and which is based on sprayed firing of suspensions of the original compounds. The droplets are suspended in the hot zone for 1-3 sec, which induces uniform heating over the whole volume and the formation of mainly spherical particles. However, irregularly shaped particles measuring 10-20 ~m are present in the powder, it is likely that the most coarse particles are trapped in closed pores by the high vapor pressure effect, and that these pores rupture on severe heating.

U.S. 4,616,051 Stabiliser/antioxidant

The area of textile coatings and lamination presented here builds on the review of developments within the general area of flame retardant developments in textiles in Chapter 2. In the special case of coated textiles and laminates, the fibre and textile components are often present to the same level in terms of mass ratio as the coating or lamination resin present. Consequently, the burning behaviour of both fibre and resin and their mutual flame retardancy require to be considered.Coated textiles usually have other main functions such as water repellency and waterproofing and weather resisting properties as well as requiring to be flexible and so contain potentially flammable plasticisers in addition to flame retarding components. Currently used polymers are discussed alongside the flame retardants specifically selected for use in coating and laminating applications. Such flame retardants are often chosen because they have minimal effects on the physical properties of the final products and, in some case, may act as plasticisers if in liquid form. These include phosphorus-containing, halogen-containing and inorganic retardants including magnesium and aluminium hydroxides, zinc stannates and borates. Intumescent systems are particularly useful since their normal water solubility is offset by the encapsulating matrix polymer and their expanding chars yield greater levels of fire protection than the initial thichness of the coated textile or laminate might suggest.The challenges of replacing the very effective halogen-containing formulations, particularly in back-coatings for furnishing applications are discussed alongside recent research into the possible usefulness of nanoparticulates.Finally, while a number of coating and lamination technologies are well-established, discussions of novel or smart ways of introducing flame retardancy and improved fire performance are presented. Here the challenge of generating application levels of nanocoatings necessary to promote acceptable flame resisting properties is discussed. This is followed by a review of recent research in which plasma-coatings have been used to improve flame retardancy of the underlying substrates. It is in these areas that perhaps major future innovatory developments will take place.

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A TEXTILE COMPOSITE FABRIC AND ITS COMPONENT FABRIC

The relationships between the physical properties of textile composite fabric and those of the constituting face fabrics and fusible interlinings were investigated experimentally and statistically. The properties investigated were as follows: bending resistance, drapability, permeability and shrinkage.It was found that certain properties of a textile composite fabric could be explained in terms of the corresponding properties of the constituent textile fabric. For instance, the bending resistance of textile composite fabric could be correlated with the total bending resistance of the constituting textile component fabric significantly. The influence of face fabrics and fusible interlinings on the other properties of a textile composite fabric were also studied.