Textile Coloration Research Articles

Development of a novel method for investigation the uptake behaviors of acid dye on silk fabric at various flow statuses in a coloration circular pipe

• A special dynamics coloration machine was successfully built for coloration for the first time. • A novel methodology was further constructed to investigate dye uptake behavior on silk. • Various uptake behaviors of an acid dye on silk were disclosed in different flow statuses. • Coloration in laminar and transitional flow prefers a low dosage of neutral salt in bath. • Appropriate control of dyeing flow statues is beneficial to an efficient cleaner production. A novel methodology and a special fluid dynamics coloration machine were successfully constructed, and then the uptake behaviors of an acid dye on silk fabric under different flow statuses and parameters were explored for the first time. The obtained results show that the traditional additions of auxiliaries will not significantly change the kinematic viscosity of the dyeing bath. As coloration flow status was in laminar, transitional and turbulent flow, respectively, the dye uptake behaviors on the silk fabric were significantly different. Meanwhile, decreasing the bath pH value and increasing the temperature of the dyeing bath had a significant positive effect on the dye uptake behaviors in different flow statuses. Additionally, coloration in laminar or transitional flow preferred a relatively low dosage of neutral salt, which benefits to a cleaner production. Additionally, high coloration performance with color-fastness to washing and rubbing of the dyed silk at 4-grade or above was achieved under different flow statuses. The results further clearly indicate that the constructed method and self-built fluid dynamics coloration machine are helpful to investigate dye uptake behavior in different flow statuses, and are potentially beneficial to an efficient process and parameters design for cleaner production in textile coloration.

Revisiting the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles in light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues

AbstractSustainability, being a recent buzzword, has been given an increasing emphasis in all industry fields, especially in the textile industry, since it is one of the main contributing sectors to resource consumption and thus environmental pollution. Among them, coloration of textiles should be paid special attention due to offering enormous savings in terms of sustainability. Within all fibres, cotton, being one of the cellulosic fibres, has been the most widely used material alone or together with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Therefore, we focus on the coloration of cellulose‐based fibres and its blends with PET in this review. There is only one single coloration technique at the intersection of sustainability and coloration, that is, sublimation or heat transfer printing, because it is the most eco‐friendly approach for the coloration of textiles. There are many studies on this issue, in which either cellulose, that is, cotton, or the transfer paper is modified/treated. In spite of many attempts for sublimation printability of cotton and its blends with PET, they still have problems in terms of sustainability that limits its applicability. In light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues such as Agenda 2030, new developments are yet to be expected for achieving sustainable coloration of cellulose‐based textiles and their blends. Therefore, it is high time to revisit the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles, to mention the latest developments considering nanotechnological advancements, and to give a future perspective in this field.

The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants.

Concerns about the health of the planet have grown dramatically, and the dyeing sector of the textile industry is one of the most polluting of all industries. Nanoclays can clean dyeing wastewater using their adsorption capacities. In this study, as a new finding, it was possible to analyze and quantify the amount of metal ions substituted by anionic dyes when adsorbed, and to determine the optimal amount of nanoclay to be used to adsorb all the dye. The tests demonstrated the specific amount of nanoclay that must be used and how to optimize the subsequent processes of separation and processing of the nanoclay. Hydrotalcite was used as the adsorbent material. Direct dyes were used in this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed the shape recovery of the hydrotalcite to be checked and confirmed the adsorption of the dyes. An FTIR analysis was used to check the presence of characteristic groups of the dyes in the resulting hybrids. The thermogravimetric (TGA) tests corroborated the dye adsorption and the thermal fastness improvement. Total solar reflectance (TSR) showed increased radiation protection for UV-VIS-NIR. Through the work carried out, it has been possible to establish the maximum adsorption point of hydrotalcite.

Hyperspectral reconstruction from a single textile RGB image based on the generative adversarial network

Hyperspectral images are capable of significantly increasing the accuracy of textile color measurement because of their rich information. However, hyperspectral imaging generally requires expensive equipment and complex operations. If the hyperspectral information can be reconstructed based on a single RGB image, it can facilitate the widespread application of hyperspectral imaging technology, such as in textile color measurement. In this paper, a deep learning model was proposed for hyperspectral reconstruction of cotton and linen fabrics based on the conditional generative adversarial network. According to this model, the encoder–decoder structure and spatial pyramid convolution pooling operation were adopted to fuse multi-scale features for the prevention of mode collapse. Atrous convolution was introduced to increase the receptive field to adapt to the fabric texture information, and the hyperspectral information of the fabric from a single RGB image was reconstructed. The quantitative and qualitative tests verified that the method in this paper had good results. The root mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio were 0.0271 and 31.372, respectively, for reconstructed fabric hyperspectral images; the highest average color difference [Formula: see text] in the reconstructed hyperspectral colorimetry experiment was obtained as 2.755. Thus, the proposed method can meet the common application requirements of color measurement.

An Integrated Study on the Fading Mechanism of Malachite Green Industrial Dye for the Marquisette Curtain in the Studio of Cleansing Fragrance, the Palace Museum (Beijing).

Historical marquisette curtains were composed of lightweight fabrics, woven in an open-mesh and leno-type weave, usually made of silk, and found in Qing imperial buildings. As panel curtains, they were exposed to light, and so underwent fading. This study investigated the manufacturing technology and fading mechanism of dyed marquisette fabric from the Studio of Cleansing Fragrance, the Palace Museum (Beijing). The technological aspects were identified. The types of weave, fiber, and adhesive used to fix the curtain to the wooden frame were identified through microscopic observation and infrared spectroscopy. A color change characterization was performed based on UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The textile colorant was identified as malachite green (MG), and its degradation by light was subsequently studied by dynamic photolysis experiments in a kinetic solution for the rapid exploration of by-products. The main degradation pathways were thus identified and the factors responsible for the induced color changes were discussed. A comparison of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) results of the products derived from the photolysis method as well as of the samples extracted from the object allowed for the identification of the presence of different degradation pathways in the faded and unfaded parts of the textile. A metabolomics analysis was applied to account for the differences in the degradation pathways.

Chemoinformatics Analysis of the Colour Fastness Properties of Acid and Direct Dyes in Textile Coloration

The efficiency of chemoinformatics methods based on a fragment approach for the analysis of relationships between the chemical structure of textile dyes and colour fastness of the dyeings have been shown by examining a large set of properties, including the light fastness of acid dyes on wool and polyamide fibres, the sensitivity of acid dyes on wool to oxygen bleaching, the wash fastness of acid dyes on wool, the adsorption of direct dyes on cotton, and the photodegradation of azo dyes in solution. An analysis of the developed regression models depicted the contribution of ten substructural molecular fragments for each indicator of the colour fastness properties of acid and direct azo dyes on textile materials. The similarity of several individual multi-atomic fragments for acid and direct azo dyes was found for wool, polyamide, and cotton fibres, which indicates the coinciding mechanisms of the physicochemical processes that accompany the destruction of dyes while testing the light fastness and sensitivity of the dyeings to oxygen bleaching, as well as their adsorption/desorption with the wash fastness and dyeability of wool and cotton.

Silver Nanoparticle-Intercalated Cotton Fiber for Catalytic Degradation of Aqueous Organic Dyes for Water Pollution Mitigation.

Azo dyes are commonly used in textile color processing for their wide array of vibrant colors. However, in recent years these dyes have become of concern in wastewater management given their toxicity to humans and the environment. In the present work, researchers remediated water contaminated with azo dyes using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) intercalated within cotton fabric as a catalyst, for their enhanced durability and reusability, in a reductive degradation method. Three azo dyes—methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), and Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSBB)—were investigated. The azo degradation was monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy, degradation capacity, and turnover frequency (TOF). The Ag NP–cotton catalyst exhibited excellent degradation capacity for the dyes, i.e., MO (96.4% in 30 min), CR (96.5% in 18.5 min), and CSBB (99.8% in 21 min), with TOFs of 0.046 min−1, 0.082 min−1, and 0.056 min−1, respectively, using a 400 mg loading of catalyst for 100 mL of 25 mg L−1 dye. To keep their high reusability while maintaining high catalytic efficiency of >95% degradation after 10 cycles, Ag NPs immobilized within cotton fabric have promising potential as eco-friendly bio-embedded catalysts.

Innovative Plant-Based Mordants and Colorants for Application on Cotton Fabric

ABSTRACT Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promote the utilization of renewable materials and processing methodologies for achieving circularity in the fashion industry production. Hence, the research was initiated to investigate the innovative and renewable plant-based sources of mordants and colorants for textiles that benefit the environment and human health alike. The research examinations established mugwort herb, rue herb, black cherry stems, and hops flower as a sustainable and innovative source of mordants and colorants on cotton fabrics. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) analysis of 6% stock herbal infusions identified the highest levels of copper and ferrous content in hops flower, and black cherry stems of 6.5 mg/l and 11 mg/l respectively as a prospective renewable and innovative source of mordants and colorants. Their applications on textiles would prevent the fatal mining and depletion of mineral ores of copper and ferrous elements, and metal toxicity to the ecosystem would be combated. Very good rub fastness and wash fastness to color staining, on the other hand, fair lightfastness ratings were gained. The cotton fabrics pre-treated with black cherry stems and colored with hops flowers exhibited the minimum transmittance percentage in the UVB region at 12.98% therefore practically appropriate for summer wear. Evaluation of ecological parameters, ATR-FTIR study of herbs and their treated fabrics, and Life Cycle Analysis is recommended for future work.

Chameleon-inspired iridescent structural color textiles with reversible multiple stimulus-responsive functions

• Structural color textile was fabricated by decorating CNCs. • The structural colors can be tuned by varying the proportion of glucose. • The structural colors can also be tuned by a different self-assemble way of CNCs. • Smart textile with reversible multiple stimulus-responsive functions was achieved. • The functions include anti-counterfeiting, RH sensing and water content detection. Over the past millions of years, plants and animals in nature have evolved complex microscopic structures, giving them vivid colors and camouflage that can deceive predators. Among the abundant sources of natural coloration, structural color is dominant in many creatures, which is created by the interaction between light and the nanostructures. Here, inspired by the natural structural color, we report an iridescent cotton fabric (ICF) with reversible multiple stimulus-responsive functions. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) could self-assemble into structural color nanostructure on the cotton fabric surface. And the flexible ICFs with tunable structural colors could be achieved by adding different proportions of glucose. Surprisingly, we proposed a novel and eco-friendly method to realize gradient structural colors by changing the self-assembly way of the CNCs onto CF surface without adding superfluous additives. Furthermore, due to the response characteristics of CNC to water molecules, the ICF is endowed with reversible behaviours including anti-counterfeiting, relative humidity sensing and water content detection functions, which make ICF become a smart textile that could be applied in many fields. Taken together, the presented findings are expected to pave the way towards the incorporation of CNCs in textile coloration with the researches focusing on the smart textile materials.

Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils.

Wood-staining fungal pigments have shown potential use as colorants for wood and textiles, with organic solvents as the pigment carrier. Natural oils have been suggested as an environmentally friendly and more available carrier; however, oils promoted color degradation. The current study examined the mechanism of said degradation and tested therapeutic and food-grade oils (instead of finishing oils) for their potential to carry draconin red, the pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum, without color loss over time. FTIR analysis from finishing oils indicated that oxidation was not likely the cause of color loss as the pigment could not be distinguished from the oils in the IR spectra. SEM was employed to determine if crystal degradation was contributing to color loss and indicated, surprisingly, that the crystals of draconin red formed rather than degraded over time. This suggested crystal breakdown was also not likely the cause of color loss. The pigment did not show degradation in hemp oil, flaxseed oil, and cold-pressed linseed oil when treated with β-carotene. Further in-depth chemical studies are needed to determine the mechanism of color loss in pigmented natural oils; however, food-grade oils appear to be a promising alternative to carry draconin red, without degradation of the color.

Single-step synthesis and energy-efficient coloration of wool textiles with poly(amino naphthalene sulfonic acid)-based dyes by oxidation polymerization

In the context of sustainability, energy-efficient low-temperature dyeing with non-toxic polymeric dyes is attractive. In this work, a single-step method of simultaneous synthesis of polymeric dyes from non-toxic amino-naphthalene sulfonic acids (ANSAs) by the oxidation polymerization and energy-efficient coloration of wool fabric was developed. The studied monomers are 7-amino-1,3-naphthalene monopotassium disulfonate (ANSA-1), 4-amino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANSA-2), and 5-amino-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANSA-3). The prepared polymeric dyes were characterized by UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The mass spectra suggest that oxidation treatment of ANSA-1 formed only dimers but the other two ANSAs formed polymers, whereas the GPC data demonstrated successful polymerization of all three ANSAs. The treated fabrics were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR and reflectance spectroscopies. The treatment parameters, including the monomer and oxidant concentrations, treatment pH, temperature, and time, affected the shade of the color produced and its intensity. The optimum conditions for dyeing with ANSAs were 50 °C, 120 min, and a 1:1 monomer to oxidant ratio. The treatment with these ANSAs produced various colors in the fabric including tonal changes. The colorfastness to washing increased with an increase in the treatment temperature and time. The shade of color produced and the color intensity were dependent on the position of the substituent sulfonate groups in the amino-naphthalene compounds. This developed treatment can be used for the energy-efficient dyeing of wool and other polyamide fibers with good colorfastness to washing.

Green and Sustainable Method to Improve Fixation of a Natural Functional Dye onto Cotton Fabric Using Cationic Dye-Fixing Agent/D5 Microemulsion

ABSTRACT The low fixation rate and colorfastness of natural dyes limit their practical application in modern textile coloration. Further, hazardous mordants are used in conventional natural dyeing to achieve better fixation and colorfastness. Herein, a green, sustainable, and environmental benign fixation process of natural dye was developed using a non-aqueous medium in the absence of mordants to enhance the fixation rate and colorfastness of the dyed fabric. The process was executed by the treatment of the cacao husk extracts/decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) dyed cotton fabric with a cationic dye-fixation agent (CFA)/D5 microemulsion. The conditions of optimal dye fixation process including water content, fixation time, fixation temperature, and CFA mass were determined by using L9 orthogonal array. Significant improvements in the fixation rate (95.03%) and color strength (15.26) were found after CFA treatment under the optimal conditions. Although the light fastness of the CFA-treated dyed fabrics was poor, the colorfastness to rubbing and washing were remarkable. The cacao husk extracts natural functional dye significantly enhanced the UV resistance of the dyed fabric, and the CFA treatment improved the crease recovery characteristic of the dyed fabric. The stiffness of the fabric decreased slightly after dyeing and CFA treatment. Consequently, this study paved the way for the sustainable and green dyeing process.

TA–Fe(iii) complex coated PS nanospheres for non-iridescent structural coloration of cotton fabric

In this work,monodispersed PS@TA–Fe(iii) nanospheres with intense light absorption and interface adhesion were synthesized for the non-iridescent structural coloration of textiles.

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye by extracted banana stem fibers

The goal of this research is the eradication of textile colors using bio adsorbents. Thus, fibers are separated from the banana stem using the alkaline treatment and their adsorbent efficiency is tested against methylene blue dye (MBD) to determine their adsorbent potential for textile effluent waste. The banana stem fibers (BSF) eradicated 97% of MBD at a pH 10; temp 25 °C; conc 5 mg/L; mixing 125 RPM; dosage of 2.5 mg/L and time 150 min. The results obtained were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich isotherm model, and Temkin isotherm model. The Langmuir fits the best with qmax of 33.05579 mg/g, KL of 0.07843, RL of 0.2984, and R2 of 0.99891. It showed good reusability and regeneration up to four cycles.

Vat dyes: promising biocompatible organic semiconductors for wearable electronics applications

We demonstrate that a series of vat dyes, which are commonly used for textile coloration, represent promising organic semiconductors with low toxicity and high biocompatibility, which are the key requirements for wearable and on-skin electronics.

Sputtering‐Deposited Thin Films on Textiles for Solar and Heat Managements: A Mini‐Review

The application of magnetron sputtering technology in the functionalization of textiles has attracted increasing attention owing to its green nature. The thin films deposited on textiles provide additional opportunities for precise control of solar and heat flows by tuning the optical properties. In this review, the principles of color regulation, thermal management (including photothermal conversion and reflective insulation) properties, and simultaneous color and thermal management of sputtered thin films based on their interaction with solar radiation (visible and near‐infrared light) and thermal radiation are briefly summarized, and their research progress in textile coloring and thermal management as well as thermal management of colored textiles is reviewed. In addition, the challenging and future research of sputtered films on textiles for coloring and thermal management is briefly presented.

Application of artificial intelligence techniques in textile wastewater decolorisation fields: A systematic and citation network analysis review

AbstractThis study reviewed 155 journal articles to examine how artificial intelligence techniques are being applied in textile coloration and related fields. Distribution of the reviewed articles was assessed in terms of the type of journals, year of publication, methods, and research background. Based on the citation network analysis method, an objective approach, CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer are used to identify the clusters. It is found that artificial intelligence techniques are mainly three‐layer artificial neural networks with different designs, which are mainly used in textile wastewater decolorisation fields, including wastewater treatment and colour fading, such as colour prediction and real‐time monitoring of textile wastewater, dye removal efficiency, and dye degradation. Finally, the future research direction and limitations of this article are put forward.

Heteromolecular pigmentations of plant-derived catechol and their application on textiles

Inspired by the strong adhesion feature of DOPA discovered in mussel adhesive proteins, the heteromolecular pigmentations using naturally derived catechol and amino acids were developed for sustainable textile coloration. A diverse range of colour could be generated via biomimicking pigmentation with different combinations of catechol and amino acids at room temperature. The pigmentation could be finely tuned to form various attractive coating on textile materials. The findings showed that a gram of material could be dyed with milligrams of reactants, and the heteromolecular pigmentations could endow fabrics a wider colour gamut ranging from brown to blue. The catechol-amino acid pigments demonstrated good fastness properties, low toxicity, and highly reproducible colours on textile substrates. This catechol-based pigmentation could also be realized in a more environmentally friendly with cold pad-batch method, which further minimized both water and energy consumption. The results of the study open a novel sustainable direction for coloration of textile materials.

Molecular characterization and ecotoxicological evaluation of the natural dye madder and its chlorinated products.

There has been increased interest in the use of natural dyes for textile coloration as alternatives to synthetic dyes, due to the general belief that natural dyes are more environmentally friendly. However, natural dyes have poor affinity for textiles, which can lead to high dye levels in the resultant wastewater. While chlorine treatment has proven to be effective for dye wastewater disinfection and decolorization, this process can also lead to the formation of more toxic degradation products for certain synthetic dyes. On the other hand, little information is available regarding the ecotoxicity of natural dyes and their chlorination products. To advance knowledge in this area, madder was selected due to its historical importance and wide application in the textile industry. Specifically, we sought to characterize the chlorine-induced degradation products of an aqueous madder solution and to assess their ecotoxicity. The main component of the present madder sample was Alizarin (89.8%). Chlorination led to complete decolorization, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and phthalic anhydride were identified as key degradation products. Chlorination of madder decreased toxicity to Daphnia similis (microcrustacean) 10-fold and removed the toxicity to Raphidocellis subcapitata (algae), when compared to the parent dye.

UV-Sensing Cellulose Fibers Manufactured by Direct Incorporation of Photochromic Minerals

Textile-based wearable sensors integrated into daily wear offer opportunities for on-demand, real-time self-diagnosis to monitor health conditions with changing environmental surroundings and hazards. One still underrated environmental hazard is accumulated UV irradiation, causing skin burns, accelerated aging, and skin cancers. Here, we have demonstrated a sustainable fiber manufacture process to integrate photochromic hackmanite micro-particles directly into a cellulose body to achieve UV-sensing functionality in daily-life textiles. The hackmanite particles were dispersed into an ionic liquid cellulose dope using ultrasonication and nanofibrillated cellulose as a dispersant, resulting in good spinnability. The obtained fibers possess high mechanical strength with up to 10% photochromic hackmanite loading. To demonstrate its application in wearable UV sensors, the fibers were spun into yarn and then knitted into a piece of jersey fabric. The coloration of hackmanite-incorporated textiles under UV irradiation is readily quantified by image analysis using red–green–blue ratios, which was further utilized for UV dosimetry with a smartphone application showcasing the practical use of the UV sensor. The UV-sensing functionality remained the same after intensive washing and abrasion tests, further demonstrating the feasibility of its application in everyday garments.