Transcription Of Text Research Articles

Self-harm attempters’ perception of community services and its implication on service provision

ObjectiveThis study aimed at exploring the attempters’ perception of community social services included any barriers to seeking help and services. MethodThe participants were patients with self-harming behavior aged 15 years or above. A set of guiding questions were designed to explore the general barriers and accessibility to community social services. A voice recording was made, which was later converted into a text transcript and then preceded for content analysis with co-occurrence and similarity matrix interpretation. Two males and nine females with a history of self-harm aged between 24 and 58 years were recruited for the interviews. ResultThe participants had diverse experiences and backgrounds, and attitudes toward community social services. However, there was a shared perception of the need to enhance community social services. There were four main themes and 12 sub themes identified. The main theme included the service availability, service accessibility, affordability and acceptability. For details, participants were unaware of the available types of care/social services in the community, and were unaware about the nearby social services. They also suggested extending service hours and focused services should be offered to help people with different backgrounds and needs. Actually, those with experience of service utilization had both positive and negative perspectives and they gave suggestions for service delivery, mainly extending service hours and offering focused services such as for gambling control and financial planning. In view of interaction with service providers, counseling skills and trust were highly appreciated by the participants. ConclusionThe results identified common circumstances of falling into financial hardship (gambling) and social fragmentation (divorce, poor family relationships, and poor marital relationships), which also suggested to enhance services on center location, service arrangement, and skill of caregivers.

New Properties About the Intersection of Rotational Quadratic Surfaces and Their Applications in Architecture

A graphic conjecture is presented based on a singular property stated by Archimedes [287–212 B.C.] in his work On Conoids and Spheroids. This ancient text constitutes the starting argument for graphic research that has revealed an unknown property regarding the intersection of rotational quadratic surfaces which they share one of their foci. This article shows the heuristic-geometric reasoning carried out stemming from Archimedes’ text transcriptions and a conjecture that can be deduced when the initial property is generalised for the rest of the quadratic surfaces. Moreover, an explanation is offered for the possibilities of this property to be used for the discretisation of architectural surfaces through the use of parametric design and digital fabrication. The property discovered in this research is summarised as follows: “If two rotational quadratic surfaces share the position of one of their foci at the same point, then the intersection curves between the two surfaces are always planar” (The oblate ellipsoid and one-sheeted hyperboloid are excluded.). This new property, which currently remains only a conjecture, has been formulated from purely graphic thinking. However, its validity has been fully tested through a heuristic method which involves checking the planarity on all possible combinations of quadric intersections in a necessary and sufficient number of cases. For this purpose, the power of CAD tools has been used as a true geometric research laboratory where the validity of the theoretical approaches is subject to trial and error.

A Hermeneutic Interpretation of Nurses' Experiences of Truth Telling and Harms in Cancer Care in Qatar.

Telling the truth to cancer patients remains under debate in the Middle East, where concealment about diagnosis and prognosis occurs in some cases. Concealment results in challenges for nurses providing care. The aim of this study was to understand nurses' lived experiences of caring for cancer patients whose cancer diagnosis or prognosis has been withheld from them. Eight nurses from the national cancer center in Qatar were interviewed. The transcripts of the interview texts were interpreted using Gadamer's hermeneutic approach. The interpretations are shaped by understandings of harm. Nurses assessed harm using empathy. Nurses' empathy was permeated with fears that accompany a cancer diagnosis; the language of cancer is interpreted as a language of fear. It is ideas about harms and evoking patients' fear that generates nurses' experiences of complexity, ambiguity, and conflicting feelings regarding truth telling and concealment. The meanings nurses drew from their experiences rested on understandings about love, vulnerability, and opportunities to atone. We interpret nurses' descriptions of being enmeshed in a web of lies through which multidimensional harms are experienced. The complexities of nurses' experiences go well beyond the universal concepts of informed consent and patients' rights. Nurses' experiences reveal insights that likely resonate across other jurisdictions in the Arabic Gulf and other Eastern cultures, where nurses deal with these sensitive issues case by case. Leaders and health professionals in cancer care in such cultures must establish more nuanced and transparent interdisciplinary approaches to respond to the complexities of truth telling in cancer care.

Automatically Measuring Question Authenticity in Real-World Classrooms

Analyzing the quality of classroom talk is central to educational research and improvement efforts. In particular, the presence of authentic teacher questions, where answers are not predetermined by the teacher, helps constitute and serves as a marker of productive classroom discourse. Further, authentic questions can be cultivated to improve teaching effectiveness and consequently student achievement. Unfortunately, current methods to measure question authenticity do not scale because they rely on human observations or coding of teacher discourse. To address this challenge, we set out to use automatic speech recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning to train computers to detect authentic questions in real-world classrooms automatically. Our methods were iteratively refined using classroom audio and human-coded observational data from two sources: (a) a large archival database of text transcripts of 451 observations from 112 classrooms; and (b) a newly collected sample of 132 high-quality audio recordings from 27 classrooms, obtained under technical constraints that anticipate large-scale automated data collection and analysis. Correlations between human-coded and computer-coded authenticity at the classroom level were sufficiently high ( r = .602 for archival transcripts and .687 for audio recordings) to provide a valuable complement to human coding in research efforts.

‘Tracce’? L’"Alexandre" di Alberico da Besançon e il "Sirventese lombardesco" nel loro contesto manoscritto

This paper studies the role that two important Romance texts – Alberic de Besancon’s Alexandre and the “Sirventese lombardesco” – play within their unique manuscript witnesses (respectively Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Pluteo 64.35 and Modena, Biblioteca Estense e Universitaria, γ.N.8.4.11-13). This specific point of view allows to better understand the meaning and the cultural significance that ancient readers gave to those texts, and it is also useful to better understand the phenomenon of adventitious transcriptions of Romance texts into Latin or vernacular manuscripts (with particular reference to the category of ‘tracce’).

ThreadReconstructor: Modeling Reply‐Chains to Untangle Conversational Text through Visual Analytics

AbstractWe present ThreadReconstructor, a visual analytics approach for detecting and analyzing the implicit conversational structure of discussions, e.g., in political debates and forums. Our work is motivated by the need to reveal and understand single threads in massive online conversations and verbatim text transcripts. We combine supervised and unsupervised machine learning models to generate a basic structure that is enriched by user‐defined queries and rule‐based heuristics. Depending on the data and tasks, users can modify and create various reconstruction models that are presented and compared in the visualization interface. Our tool enables the exploration of the generated threaded structures and the analysis of the untangled reply‐chains, comparing different models and their agreement. To understand the inner‐workings of the models, we visualize their decision spaces, including all considered candidate relations. In addition to a quantitative evaluation, we report qualitative feedback from an expert user study with four forum moderators and one machine learning expert, showing the effectiveness of our approach.

Engagement and Graduation in Text of the Law on Electronic Information and Transaction

.

The impact of supplemental handwriting and spelling instruction with first grade students who do not acquire transcription skills as rapidly as peers: a randomized control trial

The impact of supplemental handwriting and spelling instruction on learning to write was examined in an experimental study with first grade students who were not acquiring these skills as rapidly as their classmates. Thirty students (16 boys, 14 girls) were randomly assigned to a handwriting and spelling instructional condition or a phonological awareness instructional control condition. Students in each condition received 16 h of one-on-one instruction. The treatment condition was designed to improve children’s handwriting fluency, handwriting legibility, spelling accuracy, and knowledge of spelling patterns. In comparison to students in the phonological awareness control condition, students who received supplemental handwriting and spelling instruction made greater gains in handwriting fluency, handwriting legibility, and spelling accuracy. The treatment condition also resulted in greater gains in sentence construction fluency and composition vocabulary, but did not statistically enhance composition length or composition quality. These findings provide partial support for the theoretical proposition that text transcription skills are causally related to writing. Further, this study demonstrates that explicit and supplemental handwriting and spelling instruction can play an important role in teaching writing to young children who acquire text transcription skills more slowly than their peers.

Classifying Hand Written Digits with Deep Learning

Recognizing digits from natural images is an important computer vision task that has many real-world applications in check reading, street number recognition, transcription of text in images, etc. Traditional machine learning approaches to this problem rely on hand crafted feature. However, such features are difficult to design and do not generalize to novel situations. Recently, deep learning has achieved extraordinary performance in many machine learning tasks by automatically learning good features. In this paper, we investigate using deep learning for hand written digit recognition. We show that with a simple network, we achieve 99.3% accuracy on the MNIST dataset. In addition, we use the deep network to detect images with multiple digits. We show that deep networks are not only able to classify digits, but they are also able to localize them.

О пользе истории докапиталистических формаций для социалистического строительства: дискуссия о первобытном коммунизме в советской историографии

Published the debate on the report of V. K. Nikolsky on the primitive communism. The report was presented by the author in may 1931, at a joint meeting of the sections of the Institute of history of the Communist Academy and the Society of historians-marxists. The text transcript is stored in the Fund № 359 of Archives of Russian Academy of Science. The source is of interest for the analysis of process of formation of the basic features of the Soviet historiography, which should be attributed the idea of the practical utility of any of the studied plot for the needs of socialist construction.

Sentiment Extraction from Naturalistic Video

Sentiment analysis on video is quite an unexplored field of research wherein the emotion and sentiment of the speaker are extracted by processing the frames, audio and text obtained from the video. In recent times, sentiment analysis from naturalistic audio has been an upcoming field of research. This is typically done by performing automatic speech recognition on audio, followed by extracting the sentiment exhibited by the speaker. On the other hand, techniques for extracting sentiments from text are quite developed and tech giants have already optimized these methods to process large amounts of customer review, feedback and reactions. In this paper, a new model for sentiment analysis from audio is proposed which is a hybrid of Keyword Spotting System (KWS) and Maximum Entropy (ME) Classifier System. This model is developed with the aim to outperform other conventional classifiers and to provide a single integrated system for audio and text processing. In addition, a web application for dynamic processing of YouTube videos is described. The WebApp provides an index-based result for each phrase that is detected in the video. Often, the emotion of the viewer of a video corresponds to its content. In this regard, it is useful to map these emotions to the text transcript of the video and assign a suitable weight to it while predicting the sentiment that the speaker exhibits. This paper describes such an application that was developed to analyze facial expressions using Affdex API. Thus, using the combined statistics from all the three aforementioned components, a robust and portable system for emotion detection is obtained that provides accurate predictions and can be deployed on any modern systems with minimal configuration changes.

Abortion debates in Finland and the Republic of Ireland: textual analysis of experiential thinking and argumentation in parliamentary and layperson discussions

BackgroundThe ethical discussion about abortion has been polarized in Finland and the Republic of Ireland, two European countries with very different abortion legislation (liberal vs. highly restrictive). The aim of the present study was to analyze experiential thinking patterns and argumentative strategies in political and layperson debates regarding induced abortion.MethodsThe content of Finnish and Irish texts (n = 493), consisting of transcripts of parliamentary debates and online texts, such as blogs, was analyzed systematically. The texts were investigated for the aspects of experiential thinking, for selected argumentative moves and for any differences in the prevalence of these features between countries or between political vs. layperson debates.ResultsThe Finnish and Irish discussions about induced abortion relied heavily on experiential thinking patterns and emotionally laden arguments instead of objective research data. This was evident in the very high prevalence of testimonials, narratives, loaded language and appeals to emotion in both political and layperson debates regardless of the country or the debater's position on abortion issue. Research data that did not support the position of the debater were relatively often omitted by confirmation bias. The Irish debaters appealed to popularity more often than the Finnish ones, while magical/religious thinking was mainly observed in the Finnish layperson discussion. The national history and the prevailing cultural and religious atmosphere of the two countries could explain these differences.ConclusionsThe abortion debate mostly reinforces the opinions of one's peer group rather than convinces the opposite party to change their position. The stalemate and continuation of the same arguments being repeated could be associated with experiential thinking and emotional argumentative strategies in both political and layperson debates.

Current center of ukrainian ethnomusicology (dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the activity of The laboratory of ethnomusicology of Ukrainian national Tchaikovsky academy of music)

The article is dedicated to 25th anniversary of the Problem Scientific Research Laboratory (PSRL) of Ethnomusicology at the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music, and explores its main fields of activity; among them - expedition-field work in Ukraine and at marginal Ukrainian ethnic territories beyond state borders, archiving and preservation of the audio-collection, note transcription of song texts and melodies, theoretic studies of folk music including the geographical distribution of song types; performance reconstruction and promotion of ethnic music. Disclosed are PSRL main achievements during 25 years of its professional activity.

Crowdsourcing Natural History Archives: Tools for Extracting Transcriptions and Data

This paper is a survey of the landscape of current, successful, and innovative platforms for extracting full text transcriptions and structured data using crowdsourcing as a tool. Archival manuscript items are the key case studies reviewed to develop a set of tools for the Biodiversity Heritage Library for use in enhancing access to and extraction information from items in scientific and natural history collections.

Speech to Text Translation for Malay Language

The speech recognition system is a front end and a back-end process that receives an audio signal uttered by a speaker and converts it into a text transcription. The speech system can be used in several fields including: therapeutic technology, education, social robotics and computer entertainments. In most cases in control tasks, which is the purpose of proposing our system, wherein the speed of performance and response concern as the system should integrate with other controlling platforms such as in voiced controlled robots. Therefore, the need for flexible platforms, that can be easily edited to jibe with functionality of the surroundings, came to the scene; unlike other software programs that require recording audios and multiple training for every entry such as MATLAB and Phoenix. In this paper, a speech recognition system for Malay language is implemented using Microsoft Visual Studio C#. 90 (ninety) Malay phrases were tested by 10 (ten) speakers from both genders in different contexts. The result shows that the overall accuracy (calculated from Confusion Matrix) is satisfactory as it is 92.69%.

VoCo

Editing audio narration using conventional software typically involves many painstaking low-level manipulations. Some state of the art systems allow the editor to work in a text transcript of the narration, and perform select, cut, copy and paste operations directly in the transcript; these operations are then automatically applied to the waveform in a straightforward manner. However, an obvious gap in the text-based interface is the ability to type new words not appearing in the transcript, for example inserting a new word for emphasis or replacing a misspoken word. While high-quality voice synthesizers exist today, the challenge is to synthesize the new word in a voice that matches the rest of the narration. This paper presents a system that can synthesize a new word or short phrase such that it blends seamlessly in the context of the existing narration. Our approach is to use a text to speech synthesizer to say the word in a generic voice, and then use voice conversion to convert it into a voice that matches the narration. Offering a range of degrees of control to the editor, our interface supports fully automatic synthesis, selection among a candidate set of alternative pronunciations, fine control over edit placements and pitch profiles, and even guidance by the editors own voice. The paper presents studies showing that the output of our method is preferred over baseline methods and often indistinguishable from the original voice.

The Alchemical Manuscripts of David Lindsay (1587–1641), Lord Lindsay of Balcarres

The private book collection of David Lindsay, First Lord Lindsay of Balcarres (1587–1641), was one of the largest in early modern Scotland. Despite being dispersed during the following three centuries, this collection still provides evidence for Lindsay’s scientific interests and approach to the study of alchemy. In this paper we seek to partially reconstruct his library by describing and, where possible, identifying the sources of Lindsay’s own transcriptions of alchemical texts, as well as works mentioned in a book-list written in his hand. We conclude that Lindsay was not just an important early modern collector, but also a careful reader, part of an extensive network of contacts with whom he exchanged books and information.

Towards objective and reproducible study of patient-doctor interaction: Automatic text analysis based VR-CoDES annotation of consultation transcripts.

While increasingly appreciated for its importance, the interaction between health care professionals (HCP) and patients is notoriously difficult to study, with both methodological and practical challenges. The former has been addressed by the so-called Verona coding definitions of emotional sequences (VR-CoDES) - a system for identifying and coding patient emotions and the corresponding HCP responses - shown to be reliable and informative in a number of independent studies in different health care delivery contexts. In the preset work we focus on the practical challenge of the scalability of this coding system, namely on making it easily usable more widely and on applying it on larger patient cohorts. In particular, VR-CoDES is inherently complex and training is required to ensure consistent annotation of audio recordings or textual transcripts of consultations. Following up on our previous pilot investigation, in the the present paper we describe the first automatic, computer based algorithm capable of providing coarse level coding of textual transcripts. We investigate different representations of patient utterances and classification methodologies, and label each utterance as either containing an explicit expression of emotional distress (a `concern'), an implicit one (a `cue'), or neither. Using a data corpus comprising 200 consultations between radiotherapists and adult female breast cancer patients we demonstrate excellent labelling performance.

Mamadysh Kriashen Folk Music Traditions in Contemporary Recordings (review of materials collected in 2013)

The article characterizes folk music traditions of Kriashens, the Christianized Tatars of the Volga-Ural region. The author focuses on materials collected during an expedition in 2013 to the Mamadysh region of Tatarstan, Russia. Recordings of music and poetry samples, notation, transcription of verbal texts, and photographs were made by the author. The author presents remarks on the genre structure of the material (including lore associated with calendric rites and divination; life cycle rites; game and dance songs; childlore; religious lore as well as the instrumental musical tradition) and discusses the current state of the Mamadyshsky Kriashen tradition. In the villages of Vladimirovo, Iukachi, Ziuri and Komarovka the core of the folk music tradition is mainly composed of ritual songs. In the village of Nikiforovo, liturgical chants (a folk version of Orthodox prayers) tend to dominate the tradition.

Песенный фольклор тувинцев-тоджинцев: собирание, публикации, исследования

В статье представлена история собирания тоджинского песенного фольклора, охарактеризовано состояние научных исследований предмета к настоящему времени, отмечены результаты авторских исследований, которые проводились с 2003 г.История изучения песенного фольклора тувинцев-тоджинцев начинается с конца XIX в. — с материалов экспедиции П. Е. Островских и М. И. Райкова. В 1930–1950-е гг. тоджинские песни фиксировались от представителей тувинской интеллигенции. Публикация напевов тоджинских песен впервые осуществлено в 1956 г. М. М. Мунзуком. Богатейший материал по фольклору тоджинцев собран в архиве Тувинского института гуманитарных исследований. Сотрудниками института проведен ряд экспедиций к тоджинцам, кроме того, записи песенного фольклора велись на слетах сказителей и певцов Тувы. Первые аудиозаписи тоджинского фольклора относятся к 1973 г. Расшифровки песенных текстов включены в монографии С. И. Вайнштейна и З. Б. Чадамба, тексты с мелодиями — в труды З. К. Кыргыс. Отметим значение работы местного краеведа Т. Т. Кушкаш, опубликовавшей в 1996 г. песенные тексты, записанные от носителей тоджинской традиции.Новый этап датируется рубежом XX–XXI вв., когда под руководством новосибирского ученого Г. Б. Сыченко возобновляются экспедиции в Тоджу. На базе экспедиционных материалов в Новосибирске возникают первые этномузыкологические исследования тоджинского фольклора.Специальное исследование тоджинских песен, направленное на дифференциацию жанров ыр и кожамык, впервые осуществлено автором статьи. Жанры, составляющие ядро песенной традиции, образуют своего рода оппозицию и представляют два способа реализации лирической традиции у тувинцев-тоджинцев. Несмотря на общетипологическое сходство, каждый из жанров обладает выраженной спецификой, которая проявляется как на семантическом, так и на структурном уровнях. Автором проанализированы представления носителей традиции, народная терминология, дана тематическая характеристика поэтических текстов, описана система стихосложения, слогоритмическая и звуковысотная организация народных песен тувинцев-тоджинцев.Упоминаются осуществленные и планирующиеся проекты, направленные на изучение, сохранение и популяризацию уникального песенного фольклора тувинцев-тоджинцев.