Text Structure Research Articles

Learning Through Practice: On How Kemyt Contributed to Crafting and Transmitting Scribal Knowledge

Summary This paper is conceived as a first step towards the Kemyt (re)contextualization. By exploring the specific layout and paratext of Kemyt, it intends to shed light on the scribes who wrote the many partial copies of this letter-like composition and in which circumstances. I first address the layout, the ink choices, and the writing orientation. I then turn my attention to the text structure: dividers, ending marks, as well as colophons, dedications, and underwriting. The dated ostraca and their frequent identification as school exercises are discussed before moving on to the textual revision practices and looking for an explanation to the low proportion of corrected texts despite faulty content. All this enabled me to highlight a set of scribal practices, in which scribes draw, some being proper to the Kemyt, some being common to the rest of the text production. These practices revealed a complex network, from beginning students to senior scribes, through assistant scribes and early career scribes, which contributed to the crafting and the transmission of scribal knowledge during the New Kingdom.

Increasing The Students’ Ability In Reading Comprehension By Using Shared Reading Strategy At The Eighth Grade Of SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli In 2022/2023

Reading was a part of four skills in mastering English that should be taught at school because it an important skill to be mastered. In learning English there were four basic skills that should be mastered by students. They were listening, speaking, reading and writing. Reading had to be mastered by students because it could help students got a lot of information and could increase their knowledge for example by reading; the students were expected to build their own comprehension of the text. Based on the observation that was done by researcher in SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli, especially in the eighth grade, most of the students could not achieve the MCC 70. Problems faced by students in learning reading comprehension: the students lacked of vocabulary, the students were not able to identified the topic of the recount text, the students lacked an understanding of the meaning of words in the text, the students could not know the generic structure of the recount text. The research did aim to address students’ problems in reading comprehension through shared reading strategy. This research used a quantitative method and used Classroom Action Research (CAR) design which consists of planning, action, observation, reflection. This research was carried out two cycles and each cycle was conducted two meetings. In cycle I showed that there were 20 students who did not pass the MCC out of 30 students and the average student score was 51.66. In addition, in Cycle I there were results from student evaluations with the lowest score of 20 and the highest score of 85. In Cycle II, all students had passed the MCC out of 30 students and with an average student score of 85.16 and there was a lowest score of 70 and the highest score of 100. Based on the results of the study, the researcher concluded that the used of shared reading strategy could improve students’ reading comprehension skill.

Специфика функционирования проксемной информативной текстовой структуры в романе Г. Джеймса «Женский портрет»

The article deals with the English text space. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of the proxemic informative text structure of H. James’s The Portrait of a Lady. A new concept of “proxemic informative text structure” is introduced into text theory as a segment of text architectonics that describes the spatial parameters nominated by proxemes. Proxemes are considered as nominations of spatial parameters of the text. The typology of textual proxemes is specified and the existing proxemes-spacenаmes, proxemes-verbs of movement, proxemes-placenames, proxemes-landscape units are supplemented with such types of proxemes as a metaphorical landscape unit, an interior proxeme and a distant proxeme. The metaphorical landscape unit means a metaphorically marked proxeme that nominates a landscape description in the text. An interior proxeme is understood as a nomination of the interior decoration of a house. The interior proxeme revealed in the novel is a socio-cultural interior proxeme, interpreted as a socio-cultural informative construct in which two societies intersect: French, namely Parisian, and Spanish. A distant proxeme, i.e. a distant literary placename is understood as a proxeme that nominates a plot-textual reference to a location in which the described events do not occur at the moment when they are mentioned. Socio-cultural toponym-landscape unit is understood as a landscape nomination reflecting the socio-cultural aspect of the location. For the first time, bi-kernel proxemes were identified, which are constructs of a set of kernels of the same type and constructs of a set of kernels of different types. The bi-kernel feature of proxemes is one of the parameters of the specific features of the proxeme informative text structure in the work of H. James. Socio-culturally marked proxemic units, aligning various European cultural markers in the plot-thematic matrix of a work of fiction, are revealed in the proxemic informative text structure of H. James’s The Portrait of a Lady.

A Codicological Analysis of the Judeo-Persian Sefer Ha-Melitza Dictionary (Evr. I 75–76) from the Collection of the National Library (St. Petersburg)

The article presents a codicological analysis of the medieval Judeo-Persian dictionary Sefer ha-Melitsa. Two items in the NLR collection, Evr.I75 (a volume) and 76 (separate fragments), can be divided into two separate manuscripts: the first manuscript is a codex dated back to 1340 and the latter seems to be a later manuscript, which was used as a restoration of the first one’s losses, at first glance. However, a detailed analysis of the text structure suggests that the two manuscripts existed independently, since they repeat each other’s texts. Given the codicology of the monuments and the text of the colophon (f.87a), we can assume that we are dealing with a copy of the original work, but, unfortunately, not with the autograph of the medieval dictionary.

Control program for the dosing system of dry bulk feed components

The development of intensive farming technologies is impossible without the introduction of modern technologies. The problem of compound feed production in the voiced aspect can be solved not only through the development of new machines and equipment, but also the introduction of modern control systems. The article presents an analysis of existing dispenser control systems. Based on the analysis of programs and control systems, it was revealed that almost all programs are designed to work in limited conditions, some of them do not take into account a number of factors affecting the accuracy of the material supply. Therefore, a control program for a twin-screw dispenser is proposed. When developing the management program, we started from the technological process of dosing. The possibility of controlling two augers was taken into account: first, a large auger (driven by an asynchronous electric motor) turns on and feeds the main part, then it turns off and the second small auger (driven by an asynchronous or stepper motor) turns on, which carries out the filling of the remaining part. In this case, signals about the amount of material supplied are transmitted from weighing sensors (strain gauges). The proposed control program for the twin-screw dispenser is developed for the TM241C24R PLC in the Structured Text (ST) programming language, one of the languages of the IEC61131-3 standard, in the EcoStruxure Machine Expert programming environment. The control is displayed on a liquid crystal display. The main screen displays basic information: the parameters of the electric motor, the recipe and the readings of the weighing sensors. The program allows you to control the operation of dispensers in several modes. In automatic mode, each dispenser supplies only one component. In manual control mode, the dispensers are started and stopped by the operator from the control panel. In this case, it is possible to set the rotation speed of the dispenser shaft. In the dosing mode with two augers, one component is dispensed with two augers. The proposed program will improve the accuracy of dosing in automatic mode.

Perception of Violence in Multimodal Text: Cross-Disciplinary Approach

The article deals with the linguistic and psychological concepts explaining the perception of multimodal texts that imply information about violence. The importance of the subject is verified by the task of countering the spread of ideologies of violence, extremism, and terrorism in Internet communication. The multimodal text is considered a popular means of propagating radical ideas relating to incitement to social discord. The absence of complex models explaining the transmission of violence through multimodal texts is observed. It is shown that linguistic and psychological concepts can be relevant resources for building such a model. The purpose of the article is to generalize concepts in the form of intra- and extralinguistic factors that determine the perception of information about violence in a multimodal text. The generalization of cognitive linguistic theories into the group of intralinguistic factors is complemented by the conclusion that the semantic structure of a multimodal text is formed by visual, sign, and verbal coding systems; the perception of information about violence is determined by the typicality of linguistic means and the presence of logical and semantic links between the elements of a multimodal text. The conclusion is made about the influence of aggressiveness, personal attitude toward violence, and the experience of using violence on the perception of multimodal information about violence by the reader. The article may be interesting to linguists, psychologists, and a wide range of researchers in the field of humanities and humanities-related social sciences.

“The Twa Corbies”: рецепция народной шотландской баллады в русской и осетинской литературе (А. С. Пушкин, Г. М. Цаголов)

The aim of the work is to confirm the idea of the progressiveness of intercultural interactions in the system of full-fledged development of artistic thinking using the example of the transformation of the ideosphere of the Scottish folk ballad “The Twa Corbies” (“Two Ravens”) in Russian (A. S. Pushkin) and Ossetian (G. M. Tsagolov) literature. The article focuses on the similarities and differences in the interpretations of the original narrative by Pushkin and Tsagolov and the introduction by them of an additional semantic field into the traditional figurative structure of the original text. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the joint study of the Scottish ballad, the poems of A. S. Pushkin and G. M. Tsagolov, focusing on the identical value series and the convergence of folklore traditions in literary, author’s work. For the first time in the history of Ossetian scientific thought, Tsagolov’s work is highlighted in the context of interliterary connections and influences and becomes the subject of a comprehensive literary analysis. The presented texts reveal the need to preserve the main structural and figurative elements of the ballad and, in parallel, introduce additional nuances, both semantic and figurative, to enrich the ideosphere of the analyzed works. As a result of the research, the statement is presented that interest in folklore traditions in artistic creativity is one of the basic attitudes for the continuous development of both world literature and national literature; that eternal, archetypical themes raised in the presented poems (“treason/fidelity”) acquire additional connotative layers, are enriched with new symbols and acquire semantic depth, modernizing in the context of constantly changing cultural norms and traditions.

Thematic structure of the translated rhetorical questions in the Quranic text into English

Translating rhetorical questions from one language into another requires the translator’s attention, since rhetorical questions are interrogative in form yet do not expect answers but rather are used to deliver rhetorical functions such as assertion, negation, exclamation and showing abundance. Further, the sustenance of the thematic structure of rhetorical questions is important to maintain their functions. As such, the present study analysed the thematic structure (theme-rheme) of the Quranic rhetorical questions translated into English by Arberry (1996) to determine whether the functions of such questions are reflected accurately. To achieve this purpose, the study employed Halliday’s (1994) textual metafunction. The analysis revealed that the translator made some differences and changes in the thematic structure of the target text, mainly playing on the theme of the rhetorical questions of the source text. The rheme also shows some changes and differences, especially the grammatical categories. Accordingly, the functions of the Quranic rhetorical questions were not accurately reflected.

Systematization of Ukrainian customary law: historical-legal aspect

The article is devoted to the historical-legal issues of research the systematization of the Ukrainian people's customary law. It was found that the systematization of customary law is a type of systematization of law and can be carried out both by incorporation and codification. Legal customs were recorded and placed in a collection in case of their incorporation. Instead, during codification, customary norms were adapted to the requirements of the form, structure and content of the legislative text. In contrast to simple written fixation, in the course of codification, the legislator had the opportunity to change, narrow or supplement the content of the norm of customary law. Customary law as a codification material played an important role in the process of formation legislation on Ukrainian lands. Norms of customary origin are present both in monuments of Ukrainian law and in low-known acts of local authorities. Based on the existing legal customs in society, the legislators intended to create a law that corresponded to the reality of that time. By studying the texts of ancient laws, there is an opportunity to discover the content of legal customs that were in effect before their adoption. On the other hand, the identification of provisions of the law, which have a customary origin, with legal customs is incorrect and does not correspond to the nature of this phenomenon. Legal customs, which were codified, were transformed into legislative prescriptions. The historical-legal research of the systematization of Ukrainian customary law has a number of problems. First, it is difficult to determine in which case the transformation of a norm of customary law into a provision of the law took place, and in which case - a record in the law book. After all, in ancient times, laws often resembled such law books or were de facto them, had a casuistic and fragmentary character. Secondly, it is sometimes impossible to prove that the corresponding provision of the legislation had a customary origin. Even if this is possible, there are difficulties in proving that this is a norm of the customary law of the Ukrainian people, and not of another nation. As we know, the legal customs of neighboring (and sometimes distant) peoples are often similar or even identical.

The Texts Flow Structure of students' English speech Performance in the Seminar Course on ELT (Anthropolinguiistics approach)

The purpose of this paper is to describe (1) what are the text flow structures of the of students' English speech performance and (2) what is the non-text flow structure of the students' English speech performance in the Seminar on ELT course. Methods: This study was observed using an anthropolinguistic approach using analytical parameters, namely interconnection, valuability, and sustainability. A qualitative paradigm with an ethnographic model is used in this study by applying twelve steps both in interview and observation methods. Findings: The text flow structure of the of students' English speech performance has three important patterns, namely the introduction, body, and conclusion. It has the smallest elements called substructure. The substructure, there are greeting, question, and declarative sentences found in introduction. The substructure, there are transitional speech, guess, question, declarative, and explanatory sentences found in closing, and greeting closing found in closing part. In the non-text flow structure of the students' English speech performance found co-text and context elements, they are cultural, social, situational, and ideological contexts. In co-text found kinesics and prosemics. Conclusions: The text flow structure is the basic framework of a text in forming a coherent whole. The text and non-text flow structure is related to the text framework which is arranged regularly from beginning to end starting with the introduction into the conclusion. Both the text and non-text flow structures are very necessary to improve students’ ability to communicate well and creatively.

Critical Appraisal of Science-Informed Voice Pedagogy Publications

Abstract: This column proposes a six-question framework to help the voice teacher critically appraise science-informed voice pedagogy publications. The evaluation framework addresses: (1) the Singing-Voice-Production-Chain (SVPC) describing the teacher's possibilities for affecting the student's voice production; (2) descriptive, correlational, and causal types of observations; (3) subjective versus objective information; (4) factual correctness; (5) describing how singing is or how it should be; and (6) usefulness of the information in a teaching situation. This framework will empower the reader to scrutinize the structure and quality of science-informed voice pedagogy texts more deeply, thus helping to move toward evidence-based information.

ANALYSIS OF SOURCE AND TARGET TEXTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSLATOR TRAINING

The aim of the article is to develop a methodology for translation analysis of specialized texts for application in the training of future translators. To achieve this objective, the author addresses several key tasks: establishes parameters for analyzing both source and target texts; defines the scope of the study; selects a representative English-language source text in the field of patents; analyzes it according to the established parameters; formulates a hypothesis about the translation strategies most likely to be used for this source text; analyzes the Ukrainian translation text to determine the translation methods used; and concludes whether the initial assumption based on the source text analysis is validated. The study employs linguistic analysis for the source text and translatological analysis for the target text. The material used is a 526-word fragment from a U.S. patent, specifically a brief description of an invention, within the specialized (technical) field that forms part of the training content for future translators. Following the study, the author draws conclusions that support the hypothesis made during the pre-translation analysis and provide additional refinements. At the syntactic level, the analysis reveals that the translation typically follows the structure of the source text in sentences with simpler constructs, while complex sentences main, subordinate, or coordinate clauses can maintain their structure, other segments necessitate transformations. The dealing with very long sentences, they often need toтранслатологічний сфери, яка входить до змісту навчання майбутніх перекладачів. За результатами дослідження, сформульовано його висновки, відповідно до яких проведений аналіз тексту перекладу загалом підтвердивm ost common transformation is the replacement of passive voice clauses with active voice. When be divided into shorter, more manageable units, leading to further structural changes. The article concludes that the proposed methodology for translation analysis of specialized source and target texts shows promise for use in training future translators. It can help develop the theoretical component of students' translation competence, as well as provide insights into many significant concepts in translation studies and mastery of translation analysis methodologies. However, the author notes that this assumption requires further verification, suggesting that additional research is needed to confirm the proposed methodology's effectiveness.

How films convey meaning through alternating structures (with an illustrative analysis of The Sunbeam)

Films and texts differ in terms of their possible logical structures and freedom of presentation on an output medium. While texts can be structured at any depth, the capabilities for structuring films are generally limited. In the presentation of textual documents, the sentence order is usually preserved, whereas video documents often allow rearrangements that lead to new alternations of shots. The fundamental difference between textual and video structures is taken as a starting point. Then, based on a detailed analysis of two different layouts of the film The Sunbeam by D. W. Griffith, a formal criterion for distinguishing between internal, discursively motivated and external, diegetically motivated alternations is developed. The results enable a new approach to alternation in film analysis and production.

NARRATIVE TEXT WRITING SKILLS IN PGSD STUDENTS

Writing a narrative text that includes the main components of the text is not easy. This means that the students' ability in this regard is not entirely good. The evidence is that there are still components that are often ignored and do not appear in the text. The components in question are resolution and coda. This study aims to assess students' ability to write correct and complete narrative texts. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The sample of this research was 60 students of PGSD Unika Santu Paulus Ruteng. The technique used in collecting data is the test technique. Students were asked to write a narrative text with any theme and pay attention to the right narrative text structure such as orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. The text was analysed using observation technique. Based on the findings, the components of orientation, complication, and resolution in the narrative text get a good range. This is evidenced in the acquisition of student scores which are in the good category and some of them are in the excellent category. The only component of narrative text that needs to be improved is the coda. There are 40 out of 60 students whose scores are in the fair range. Therefore, the coda component needs to be trained. Therefore, the coda component needs to be trained.

CONTESTATION OF NEWSPAPER DISCOURSES IN THE NOVEL PEROESOEHAN DI KOEDOES: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PERSAINGAN WACANA AKHBAR DALAM NOVEL PEROESOEHAN DI KOEDOES: SATU ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

Newspapers are the primary medium of moulding discourse on significant events, including the anti-Chinese riots in Koedoes, also known as Kudus, Central Java in 1918. Some publications even created conversations to further their goals of broadcasting news to the public. Hence, this study aims to examine discourse conflicts featured in newspapers highlighted by the novel Peroesoehan di Koedoes by Tan Boen Kim (TBK). A qualitative descriptive approach was utilised in this study, with an emphasis on the identification of news cuttings featured in the novel. Data was processed using Teun A. Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis theory, focusing on social context, text structure and social cognition. Findings indicated that the contestation of discourse in the newspaper cuttings was an attempt to influence public opinion. Sin Po, a Chinese newspaper, focused on protecting Chinese victims, whereas De Locomotief, a Dutch periodical, focused on the hazardous propaganda by indigenous groups. Conversely, Sinar Hindia, a Bumiputera newspaper, focused on the protection of residents and the Islamic Union (SI). The outlet also wrote a clarification to relieve the Bumiputera of responsibility. In addition, specific newspapers could have potentially displayed ulterior motives. TBK’s choice of stories might also indicate his aim to denounce the rioters’ crimes against ethnic Chinese. Future research can explore other TBK works through critical discourse analysis as well to map his tendencies during the production of discourse. Keywords: contestation of discourse; newspaper; Peroesoehan di Koedoes; indigenous; Chinese

The strategies of using Chinese language in cosmetic advertising through the Taobao online marketplace

This study aimed to 1) analyze the information structure of texts concerning facial beauty in Chinese cosmetics advertisements, and 2) examine linguistic strategies employed within the advertisements. Language strategies in 150 Chinese cosmetic product advertisements from Taobao were analyzed, employing critical discourse analysis concepts as proposed by Norman Fairclough and Teun Adrianus van Dijk. By exploring the advertising language, the study offered valuable insights into the persuasive techniques used in the cosmetics industry. It categorized the strategies into semantic and discourse-pragmatic. Semantic strategies involved descriptive verbs, intensifiers, negation, and word formation through pinyin transliteration. Discourse-pragmatic strategies included presuppositions, figures of speech, claims, and rhetorical questions. These strategies mirrored beauty values in Chinese society, implying beauty was achievable through the products advertised. The study highlighted the significant impact of language strategies in forming beauty ideals, influencing consumer beliefs, and motivating the pursuit of beauty standards. This analysis of cosmetic advertising in China showcased the influential role of language in shaping societal views and consumer behavior.

Research on a Capsule Network Text Classification Method with a Self-Attention Mechanism

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) need to replicate feature detectors when modeling spatial information, which reduces their efficiency. The number of replicated feature detectors or labeled training data required for such methods grows exponentially with the dimensionality of the data being used. On the other hand, space-insensitive methods are difficult to encode and express effectively due to the limitation of their rich text structures. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a capsule network (self-attention capsule network, or SA-CapsNet) with a self-attention mechanism for text classification tasks, wherein the capsule network itself, given the feature with the symmetry hint on two ends, acts as both encoder and decoder. In order to learn long-distance dependent features in sentences and encode text information more efficiently, SA-CapsNet maps the self-attention module to the feature extraction layer of the capsule network, thereby increasing its feature extraction ability and overcoming the limitations of convolutional neural networks. In addition, in this study, in order to improve the accuracy of the model, the capsule was improved by reducing its dimension and an intermediate layer was added, enabling the model to obtain more expressive instantiation features in a given sentence. Finally, experiments were carried out on three general datasets of different sizes, namely the IMDB, MPQA, and MR datasets. The accuracy of the model on these three datasets was 84.72%, 80.31%, and 75.38%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the benchmark algorithm, the model’s performance on these datasets was promising, with an increase in accuracy of 1.08%, 0.39%, and 1.43%, respectively. This study focused on reducing the parameters of the model for various applications, such as edge and mobile applications. The experimental results show that the accuracy is still not apparently decreased by the reduced parameters. The experimental results therefore verify the effective performance of the proposed SA-CapsNet model.

A Hierarchy-Aware Geocoding Model Based on Cross-Attention within the Seq2Seq Framework

Geocoding converts unstructured geographic text into structured spatial data, which is crucial in fields such as urban planning, social media spatial analysis, and emergency response systems. Existing approaches predominantly model geocoding as a geographic grid classification task but struggle with the output space dimensionality explosion as the grid granularity increases. Furthermore, these methods generally overlook the inherent hierarchical structure of geographical texts and grids. In this paper, we propose a hierarchy-aware geocoding model based on cross-attention within the Seq2Seq framework, incorporating S2 geometry to model geocoding as a task for generating grid labels and predicting S2 tokens (labels of S2 grids) character-by-character. By incorporating a cross-attention mechanism into the decoder, the model dynamically perceives the address contexts at the hierarchical level that are most relevant to the current character prediction based on the input address text. Results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms previous approaches across multiple metrics, with a median and mean distance error of 41.46 m and 93.98 m, respectively. Furthermore, our method achieves superior results compared to others in regions with sparse data distribution, reducing the median and mean distance error by 16.27 m and 7.52 m, respectively, suggesting that our model has effectively mitigated the issue of insufficient learning in such regions.

LITERARY DISCOURSE, ITS VARIETIES AND PUNCTUATION

The article explores the role of punctuation marks in literary fiction discourse, focusing on their impact on text structuring, meaning formation, and the reader's perception of the work. Discourse is defined as a coherent text with ontological and epistemological properties, and the article distinguishes between the usual and occasional use of punctuation marks in a text. The former provides clarity and unambiguity to the work, while the latter is used to achieve special stylistic effects. Punctuation marks are essential in organizing the semantic structure of the text and contribute to meaning-making by setting accents and emphasizing key points. Overall, punctuation plays an important role in encoding and decoding meaning, helping the author express their ideas and intentions while allowing the reader to interpret them correctly.

Domain‐specific translation tool from structured text to C source code with code readability enhancement in programmable logic controllers

AbstractThe Industrial Internet has emerged as a key technology in the field of industrial automation, revolutionizing traditional manufacturing processes and enabling advanced control systems by integrating machines, sensors, and software systems through network connectivity, allowing for real‐time data exchange, analysis, and decision‐making in industrial environments. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in industrial automation systems, which are specialized digital computers designed to control various manufacturing processes and machinery. As a promising language, Structured Text (ST) is of paramount importance for industrial Internet, and it is essential to translate ST into C, which is widely used in various industries for implementing control systems. However, due to differences in syntax, data types, and programming paradigms between the two languages, the translation process is facing several challenges. In this paper, we present a domain‐specific translation tool that automates the process of converting ST code to C code. This tool incorporates advanced AI techniques, particularly leveraging the capabilities of NL‐PL LLMs, to facilitate accurate and efficient translation while generating comprehensive documentation to assist developers. Finally, the evaluation and case studies conducted validate the effectiveness of the tool, demonstrating its practical applicability and benefits in real‐world industrial settings.