Print Texts Research Articles

The relationship between media type and vocabulary learning in a cross age peer-learning program for linguistically diverse elementary school students

The goal of the present study was to compare children’s word learning through print text, video, and electronic text in the context of a cross-age peer-learning program implemented in linguistically diverse kindergarten and fourth grade classrooms that included English Learners (ELs) and their non-EL peers. Children were assessed at pre- and post-test on measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge. Findings showed effects of media type on word learning. Effects differed across grades (i.e., kindergarten and fourth grade, language background (i.e., non-EL and EL), and knowledge types (i.e., receptive and expressive). In kindergarten, results suggest that video may be more helpful than electronic texts for supporting receptive and expressive vocabulary, and video may be more helpful than both print and electronic texts for supporting the expressive vocabulary of ELs. In fourth grade, results suggest that video and electronic texts may be more helpful than print texts for supporting expressive vocabulary for non-ELs but not for ELs.

Language selection in the Indonesian novel: Bahasa gado-gado in expressions of love

In the post-New Order era, the use of English in Indonesia is noticeably increasing, particularly in otherwise Indonesian popular print texts, a domain where language selection is evident and publicly accessible. The appearance of English in Indonesian popular texts is linguistically known as code-switching, called bahasa gado-gado in the Indonesian context. Although noticeably increasing, English is still unfairly treated by many Indonesians and by the government as a foreign language that carries the “West” ideology. In other words, English not only functions as a linguistic resource but also as a language of Otherness that may carry some Western ideologies for many Indonesians. In fact, the juxtaposition of English and Indonesian in otherwise Indonesian speech acts still receives social censure or is seen as an interference to Indonesian-ness. Using an interpretive textual analysis, I show that code-switching with special reference to English effectively functions to express the overt love expressions and to project one’s socio-cultural hybridity and lingustic proficiency.

Mining the Material Archive: Balancing Sensate Experience and Sense-Making in Digitized Print Collections

Large-scale digitization appears to put literary collections at one’s fingertips, but, as some critics warn, the books themselves are increasingly out of reach as university libraries continue to shift from being ‘physical repositories’ to becoming ‘access portals’ to digitized materials (Stauffer, 2012). People who are drawn to print books often find that digital surrogates ‘lack feeling’ (Piper, 2012). Digitized texts preserve linguistic content of print works but not their many meaningful physical features that fundamentally shape interpretation (McGann, 1991) and contain valuable historical traces of print technologies, markets, and readerly interactions (Stauffer, 2012). Changing how we physically interact with texts also changes how we sense and make sense of them. How can we harness the potential of digital media to better represent and analyze print collections? How can we accentuate their unique historic, aesthetic, and material qualities while also allowing rich linking supported by computer-assisted content analyses? How can design critically engage with the sensory differences between reading print materials and on-screen reading in order to promote different modes of meaningful textual engagement? Addressing these questions, we introduce synesthetic visualization as a speculative approach to creating digital on-screen and tangible representations of print collections that translate — not replicate — sensory experiences of interacting with print collections by coupling visual representations with cues for other sensory modalities (e.g, sonic, tactile) that are routinely engaged by print texts. Drawing insights from aesthetic theory, book history, reception studies, literary studies, information visualization, human computer interaction (HCI), and digital arts, we propose possible ways to experiment with digital on-screen and tangible representations of print collections that explicitly aim to translate — not replicate — sensory and sense-making experiences inherent in interacting with print collections. We illustrate this through our own ongoing work with the Bob Gibson Anthologies of Speculative Fiction, unique hand-crafted booklets composed of science-fictional items culled from popular periodicals published between 1844 and 1992.

ESL Teachers’ Perceptions towards the Use of Facebook in Teaching Literature for Secondary Schools

School-based print texts and didactic teaching appear slow and unexciting, thus there is a need to integrate social networking sites in the teaching and learning process. Facebook is one of the social networking sites that has captured the attention of educators in language teaching and learning. The use of Facebook in teaching Literature is beneficial and gives teachers the chance to improve teaching via a lively classroom. This study surveyed the perceptions of secondary school teachers on the use of Facebook in teaching literature. A 30-item questionnaire was administered to 100 secondary school teachers in Malaysia. The teachers from 10 states were involved in this study and they are currently teaching English language in secondary schools in Malaysia. The findings indicated that teachers found Facebook as the most useful aspect of Internet in teaching literature and they prefer to use Facebook as a teaching tool compared to the classroom blackboard. This study recommends the use of Facebook as a Literature teaching tool in secondary schools.  

Electronic Knowledge Resources and Point-of-Care Learning: A Scoping Review.

The authors sought to summarize quantitative and qualitative research addressing electronic knowledge resources and point-of-care learning in a scoping review. The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database for studies addressing electronic knowledge resources and point-of-care learning. They iteratively revised inclusion criteria and operational definitions of study features and research themes of interest. Two reviewers independently performed each phase of study selection and data extraction. Of 10,811 studies identified, 305 were included and reviewed. Most studies (225; 74%) included physicians or medical students. The most frequently mentioned electronic resources were UpToDate (88; 29%), Micromedex (59; 19%), Epocrates (50; 16%), WebMD (46; 15%), MD Consult (32; 10%), and LexiComp (31; 10%). Eight studies (3%) evaluated electronic resources or point-of-care learning using outcomes of patient effects, and 36 studies (12%) reported objectively measured clinician behaviors. Twenty-five studies (8%) examined the clinical or educational impact of electronic knowledge resource use on patient care or clinician knowledge, 124 (41%) compared use rates of various knowledge resources, 69 (23%) examined the quality of knowledge resource content, and 115 (38%) explored the process of point-of-care learning. Two conceptual clarifications were identified, distinguishing the impact on clinical or educational outcomes versus the impact on test setting decision support, and the quality of information content versus the correctness of information obtained by a clinician-user. Research on electronic knowledge resources is dominated by studies involving physicians and evaluating use rates. Studies involving nonphysician users, and evaluating resource impact and implementation, are needed.

Designing multimodal texts in a girls’ afterschool journalism club in rural Kenya

Characteristic of the twenty-first century are new literacy practices that require users and producers to be fluent with the affordances of multiple modes across print and digital media. In under-resourced contexts such as East Africa, these complex new multimodal practices have not been well documented. In this paper, we explore the context of an afterschool journalism club in rural Kenya as an informal learning space for 32 adolescent girls to realize multimodal text design following our donation of a laptop, digital camera and voice recorder. Using ethnographic methods that positioned the girls as researchers of their own practices, we collaboratively documented the girls’ changing social practices as they produced and designed videos in the context of their community and journalism club. As we proceeded through our analysis, we drew inspiration from Luke and Freebody’s Four Resources Model for reading print texts and Serafini’s reconceptualization of the Four Resources required for reading visual and multimodal texts, taking up their call to critique and reformulate the model within the rapidly changing context of twenty-first century literacy practices. Our study identifies the emergent and dynamic nested social practices of: (1) explorer, (2) participant-user, (3) performer, and (4) activist as integral to the design of videos.

Legibility in Print Text for People with Impaired Vision.

Research on the level of legibility and readability of text are mainly based on subjects with normal eyesight. In Norway, about 180.000 of the population is diagnosed with a visual impairment. In our study, over 800 visually impaired subjects participated in an experiment, which is so far the largest study of legibility and readability ever conducted for this this group of observers. The observers were recruited through the Norwegian association for blind and visually impaired (Norges Blindeforbund) and the number of subjects reveals that the experiment included 4.6% of the population with visual impairments. In the experiment, the characteristics to be studied included different typefaces, serifs and sans serifs, font sizes, weighting and contrast. We can conclude that the uncontrolled home based experiment was successful regarding the volume of respondents, which resulted in significant findings. This paper gives an overview of the design choices according to experiment method and selection of legibility variables.

The meaning-making affordances of composing print and digital graphic narratives

ABSTRACTA classroom-based study with eight- and nine-year-old students included the participants having many opportunities to engage with multimodal print and digital texts, and various technological tools. The data presented in this article focus on one of the specific purposes of the research: to investigate students’ opinions of the affordances of designing print and digital graphic narratives. The content analysis of the students’ reflections about working with a software programme to compose a multimodal ensemble in the medium of comics revealed evidence of critical thinking as they analysed and critiqued the possibilities and constraints for meaning-making. The conclusion features a consideration of the importance of students and teachers developing metalevel knowledge about and a critical stance toward the meaning-making affordances of all texts and compositional tools and devices.

A critical examination of the relationship among research, theory, and practice: Technology and reading instruction

Recent technological advancements have changed how literacy is perceived, and it is no longer confined to the interaction with print text. The evolving definition of literacy has been reflected in the increasing number of teachers who are incorporating technology into their reading instruction. However, less is known about the extent to which these technology-integrated instructional practices are supported by reading theories. The purpose of this study is to systematically review how technology has been implemented in reading instruction and to explore how transitions of instructional practice from traditional classrooms to digital settings have been grounded in reading theories. The present study reviewed articles published over the past twelve years in flagship practitioner journals to examine the connections and the gaps between theory and practice. Our review uncovered that technology has served in reading instruction primarily in three ways: 1) to increase reading motivation, 2) to present information in multi-modalities, and 3) to promote collaborative learning. Consistent with other domains of reading instruction, social theories were found to be the prominent theoretical bases supporting technology-integrated practices; dual-coding theory has also emerged in recent years as the theoretical basis for technology use in reading instruction. However, most of the theories were rarely referred explicitly. Implications for researchers and practitioners were provided based on the gaps between theory and practice revealed in the current review.

Profiling reading in print and digital mediums

Real-time processing behaviors and processing time for 57 undergraduates reading information texts in print and digitally were used to identify distinct performance profiles. Students underlined the printed text as they read and followed along with their cursor when reading digitally. Immediately after reading, students answered three comprehension questions for each text about the main idea, key points, and other information and judged their performance on the comprehension test. Four profiles were identified using deeper and more surface-level processing behaviors and reading time for both mediums (i.e. Regulators, Plodders, Gliders, and Samplers) and comprehension and calibration (i.e., self-assessment accuracy) data were analyzed by medium and profile. An overall medium effect for comprehension, along with various profile differences were identified. No overall calibration difference by medium was found, although various effects by profile were identified. Implications of outcomes for future research on reading in print and digitally are forwarded.

Elementary students' meaning-making of graphic novels

ABSTRACTDuring a study conducted in two Grade 4 classrooms, the students were provided with numerous opportunities to engage with multimodal print and digital texts, and various compositional tools and devices. The eight- and nine-year-old students’ participation in the research included the reading and discussing of, and writing about graphic novels. Instruction during the study included a variety of activities that focused on a selection of elements of visual art and design, and conventions of the medium of comics. The content analysis of students’ responses to a selection of graphic novels revealed how their aesthetic understanding of and critical thinking about the graphic novels was influenced by learning about the what, why and how of the mode of image and the medium of comics.

UNIFESP Info Plastica – An informative application covering the most frequently performed plastic surgeries worldwide

OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to develop a free smartphone application with reliable and useful information for the lay public on the most frequently performed plastic surgeries worldwide.METHODS:The five most frequently performed surgeries worldwide according to ISAPS (International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery) were selected. Information from the websites of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) and Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (SBCP) and from the Outpatient and Hospital Medicine Guide of the Plastic Surgery Division at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) was used for content assembly. YouTube videos with patients’ postoperative testimonials were used for an improved understanding of their real concerns. Printed text was distributed to patients in Brazil’s Unified Health Service to improve comprehensibility. Content on each of the five surgeries was presented in the application with the following layout: What is the surgery?; Who are the candidates?; Preparations for surgery; Stages of surgery; Recovery after surgery; Complications; Choice of surgeon; Consultation; What is the cost? and Glossary. All material was delivered to an outsourced company to produce the application software.RESULTS:The result was the creation of an application with extensive content on the most frequently performed plastic surgeries.CONCLUSION:The UNIFESP Info Plastica application is an academically based, free and reliable source of information for the lay public interested in all aspects of the most frequently performed plastic surgeries worldwide.

Effects of Processing Time on Comprehension and Calibration in Print and Digital Mediums

ABSTRACTThis study explored the effects of processing texts in print or digitally on readers' comprehension, processing time, and calibration. Eighty-six undergraduates read print and digital versions of book excerpts about childhood ailments presented in counterbalanced order. Comprehension was tested at three levels (i.e., main idea, key points, and other relevant information). Direct comparisons between print and digital reading demonstrated a significant advantage for reading in print on students' recall of key points and other relevant information but not the main idea. When processing time was added as a mediator variable, it significantly affected the relation between medium and comprehension for all question levels. In terms of calibration, students read more quickly and judged their performance higher when engaged digitally, although their actual performance was much better when reading in print. Implications of these findings for subsequent research are considered.

Framing absence: A narratology of the empty page

AbstractNarrative experimentation has seen many forms, but among the most radical strategies might be the complete absence of text. Printed text is largely determined through its physical presence on the page, it defines itself by where it is, and the performance of the present text determines the flow of narrative time. Silences and absences are usually created semantically, with a present text telling about an absence. Only rarely do texts stage emptiness through the actual absence of text. But when they do, they considerably expand the narrative range of expression of the printed page. In this paper I will look at the narratology of the empty page by analyzing and comparing a number of texts that stage or emphasize the actual absence of text from the page. There are some narrative texts that use their medial form as text printed on a page and bound in a codex not only to narrate absences, but also to stage them outside of the text proper, or rather, through the actual absence of text leading the recipient’s awareness to the page as a frame of reference that potentially carries semantic value. I will contrast different techniques of “framing absence” in texts by David Mitchell (number9dream), Jonathan Safran Foer (Tree of codes), B. S. Johnson (House mother normal) and Mark Z. Danielewski (House of leaves). These examples will show how literary texts can use their own mediality and materiality to reflect on the general relation between all three.

Learning About and Through Picturebook Artwork

AbstractPicturebooks are highly sophisticated multimodal ensembles. Understanding the semiotic resources and affordances of the visual mode to represent and communicate meaning is fundamental to appreciating the artistry and complexity of picturebooks. A recent classroom‐based research project with grade 2 students featured explicit instruction on particular elements of visual art and design to develop and enhance students’ visual competences and aesthetic appreciation and understanding of picturebooks. In addition to being provided with multiple opportunities to talk and write about picturebook artwork, the students created their own multimodal print texts. The students’ composition of this multimodal work required them to intentionally apply the focus elements of visual art and design featured during the study. Examples of students’ writing, talking, and artwork reveal how they remade meaning across modes as they described, explained, interpreted, and analyzed visual images in both the picturebooks and their own multimodal texts.

경판 20장본(송동본)을 중심으로 살펴본 방각본 〈심청전〉의 변모 양상

경판 20장본(송동본)을 중심으로 살펴본 방각본 〈심청전〉의 변모 양상

Colard Mansion, De la penitance Adam. Texte édité, présenté et annoté par Sylviane Messerli.

Sylviane Messerli’s edition makes available an interesting and hitherto under-studied vernacular translation and compilation of three linked prose narratives tracing the history of Adam and Eve during and after the expulsion from Paradise, and the history of the wood that would ultimately form the True Cross from Old Testament times to New. Commissioned by one of the most influential literary patrons and book collectors of the late-fifteenth-century Low Countries, Louis de Gruuthuse of Bruges, the translation from Latin was (at least in part, Messerli shows) undertaken by Colard Mansion, as was the production of the presentation manuscript for de Gruuthuse. Mansion was himself an important figure in the landscape of Brugeois book production and trade. Exercising the overlapping and complementary roles of author, translator, scribe, and, later, printer between c. 1457 and 1484, Mansion collaborated with other entrepreneurial figures, such as William Caxton, to produce a range of vernacular texts in print, as well as undertaking scribal and translatorly commissions. Messerli’s edition and discussion of the three linked narratives that make up De la penitance Adam, and her detailed analysis of the three remaining manuscript witnesses to the text, thus open up a window on a peculiarly fruitful moment in Brugeois literary history, and suggest a closely connected coterie of readers for this particular work: one, possibly two, of the surviving manuscripts was de Gruuthuse’s own, bearing a frontispiece featuring a presentation scene possibly including de Gruuthuse’s son next to him, while the third was owned by a close associate of de Gruuthuse, Jan III de Baenst. Messerli’s edition is clear and well presented and is equipped with a manageable critical apparatus, an extremely useful index of proper names giving both textual references and explanatory glosses, and a detailed modern French summary of the narrative content of the work. She retains the division into chapters found in her base manuscripts, and adds references that facilitate comparison with the relevant editions of Latin source texts where possible. Her insightful introductory commentary on the text’s production, its theological and devotional emphases, and its circulation should inspire interest in this work from a wealth of critical perspectives. For example, the discussion of Mansion’s translatorly technique (and also the discussion of variants) forms a fascinating example of what we might term a ‘close’ or deliberately Latinate translation practice: scholars of medieval translation are increasingly interested in unpicking the potential semantic and aesthetic significations of this kind of vernacular translation, and are less keen than formerly to write such work off as derivative or unoriginal. A second example is found in Messerli’s brief but exciting analysis of typology within the text: those interested in the weaving together of biblical and apocryphal narrative; in medieval comprehension of the complex relationships between sin, suffering, salvation, and redemption; and in the processes by which literary compilation techniques can construct parallels, connections, and antitheses to undertake detailed theological discussion will find this edition to be an excellent resource.

대학생의 문자 텍스트 작성 능력과 블로그 작성 능력의 상관관계 분석

대학생의 문자 텍스트 작성 능력과 블로그 작성 능력의 상관관계 분석

Ink-Jet Printing of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

Beyond printing text on paper, inkjet printing methods have recently been applied to print passive electrical and optical microparts, such as conductors, resistors, solder bumps and polymeric micro lenses. They are also useful to print micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as sub-millimeter sensor and actuator arrays, such as multifunctional skins applicable to robotic application and ambient monitoring. This paper presents the latest review of a few successful cases of printable MEMS devices. This review shows that inkjet printing is good for printing two-dimensional or surface MEMS devices from a small unit to an array over a large area. In the future, three-dimensional printing of multi-materials, from metal, plastic, to ceramic, will open the possibility of realizing more variety and function of a large-areal MEMS array, for a mobile electro-mechanical systems.

Emerging, Emergent, Emergence: Boundary Maintenance, Definition Construction, and Legitimation Strategies in the Establishment of a Post‐Evangelical Subculture

Extending social anthropologist Mary Douglas's theory of purity and danger, this article employs a form of textual and discourse analysis and draws on subcultural identity theory. The article argues that one central aspect of social formation occurs through definitional battles or arguments situating theological boundaries and setting the socioreligious parameters of an inchoate group. The Emerging Church Movement (ECM) offers a clear example of discursive scrimmaging. In the late 1990s and 2000s, insiders sought to legitimate the movement through a series of strategies. Published definitions and descriptions worked to establish the normative agenda of the movement and in applying methods of hyper‐specification and internal categorical nuance vied with one another over criteria lists and theological validity. Critical outsiders attempted to discredit the nascent ECM through an inverse set of gate‐keeping strategies. This article underscores the centrality of language, print text, and media in the production of new subcultural identities and suggests that the ECM's effective problematization by gatekeepers has marked the movement as dangerous to evangelicalism's traditional boundaries, thus compelling the emergence, via textual discourse, of a quasi‐ or post‐evangelical identity.