Texas Game Research Articles

Bayesian Semiparametric Sales Projections for the Texas Lottery

State lotteries employ sales projections to determine appropri ate advertised jackpot levels for some of their games. This paper focuses on prediction of sales for the Lotto Texas game of the Texas Lottery. A novel prediction method is developed in this setting that utilizes functional data analysis concepts in conjunction with a Bayesian paradigm to produce predictions and associated precision assessments.

Caesar Kleberg and the King Ranch by Duane M. Leach

Reviewed by: Caesar Kleberg and the King Ranch by Duane M. Leach Andrew C. Baker Caesar Kleberg and the King Ranch. By Duane M. Leach. ( College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2017. Pp. 376. Photographs, maps, notes, bibliography, index.) In this beautifully produced book, Duane M. Leach, former president of Texas A&I University (now Texas A&M University-Kingsville), provides a thorough account of one of the most influential but frequently overshadowed figures in Texas's most famous ranching enterprise. Caesar Kleberg became acquainted with the art of insider politics early in his career. As the personal assistant to his father, U.S. Representative Rudolph Kleberg, from 1896 to 1900, he traveled the halls and backrooms of Congress. His love of cattle, ranching, and the outdoors, however, drew him back to Texas. When his uncle and aunt, Robert J. Kleberg and Alice Gertrudis King, invited him to join them in the management of the King [End Page 351] Ranch in 1900, he eagerly accepted. Over the next half century, Caesar would become the right hand of the Kleberg family operation, acting as business manager, advisor, confidant, and lobbyist for the King Ranch. His unswerving loyalty, his talent for breeding horses and cattle, and his extensive political connections made him a central pillar of its success. Written and published in cooperation with the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg and the King Ranch places a particular emphasis on Kleberg's pioneering conservation efforts. He was a state leader in managing ranchland for both cattle and wildlife, ensuring that the lands in the ranch's Norias division would provide ample native and exotic game for visiting gentlemen to hunt. These efforts secured him a position on the Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission and have led many to label him "the father of wildlife conservation in Texas" (279). While this conservation legacy is important, the greater significance of the book lies in its account of the political maneuvering and business savvy required to keep the ranch afloat. The majority of the topically organized chapters focus on Caesar's part in this herculean endeavor. Here Leach's extensive access to the King Ranch archives and his oral interviews with prominent family members provide a wealth of material. The author brings readers into smoky midnight poker games, railroad boardrooms, and the South Texas brushlands. He deftly traces the way the King Ranch leadership connected their ranching operation to markets and protected it from tax assessors, shifting political factions, and Mexican border raids. The result is a hybrid biography and business history that uses Caesar's life to flesh out the political world of South Texas, a world that included figures like James B. Wells Jr., John Nance Garner, and Archie and George Parr. The Kleberg's success in this high-stakes game allowed them to bring railroad access to South Texas, establish Kingsville and its university, and sustain a ranching empire. Leach's portrayal of the Klebergs does not ignore their faults. These were hard-drinking, masterful men who gambled in business and for pleasure, and tough, uncompromising women who believed "God helps those who help themselves" (7). In their politics, the Klebergs were states' rights Democrats who embraced the role of patron, demanded personal loyalty, and had few qualms about leveraging political power for personal economic gain. That being said, there is no air of the iconoclast about Leach's writing. He approaches his subjects with discretion. The result is an excellent, if sympathetic biography of one of South Texas's most powerful men. Caesar Kleberg and the King Ranch is an excellent introduction to the King Ranch and its place in the larger political economy of the state and nation. [End Page 352] Andrew C. Baker Texas A&M University-Commerce Copyright © 2017 The Texas State Historical Association

Wild Birds, a Source of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Infection for the Endangered Attwater's Prairie-Chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido attwateri)?

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infects a wide range of avian species. Since 1998, when it was first reported in a captive flock of the endangered Attwater's Prairie-chicken ( Tympanuchus cupido attwateri; APC), REV has plagued APC recovery efforts. While REV frequently occurs in captive bird flocks throughout the world, including commercial poultry, the reservoir for initial infection of flocks is poorly understood. From 2008-16, 412 blood samples and 216 liver samples collected from 32 species of birds on or near Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge in Colorado County, Texas, US, and 89 blood samples obtained from a Texas game farm that provides thousands of Northern Bobwhites ( Colinus virginianus ) and Ring-necked Pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) for hunting throughout Texas, were tested for REV by real-time PCR. Of the 717 samples, one liver sample from a Savannah Sparrow ( Passerculus sandwichensis ) and three blood samples from game farm Ring-necked Pheasants tested positive for REV. These data, although limited, indicate a low prevalence of REV in birds sharing or in close proximity to APC habitat. More-extensive surveillance testing is warranted to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of REV in wild bird populations and the relative role these birds may play as potential reservoirs for maintaining REV infections in both the wild and captive setting.

Law enforcement personnel needs of a state natural resource agency

In this study, we assess personnel needs of the Law Enforcement Division (LED) of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). The LED's mission is to enforce Texas’ laws and regulations regarding hunting, fishing, and other uses of wildlife resources for recreational and commercial purposes. Texas is a leading state nationally in outdoor recreational use of natural resources. It ranks second in the number of anglers and hunters, fourth in the number of boaters, fourth in size of the population, and fifth in the number of citations issued per warden in the southeastern United States. Operational, demographical, and ecological data were obtained from several Texas state agencies and from a mail—out survey of all Texas game wardens (n = 397) and their captains (n = 33). Maximum R‐square variable selection and general linear model procedures were conducted to estimate the numbers of game wardens needed per county. The regression model explained 78% of the total variation in the distribution of game wardens and estimated that there was a statewide excess of 17 game wardens. In a mail survey conducted in May of 1997, TPWD game wardens expressed a perceived need for 157 more game wardens. Over half (59%) of the differences between observed and perceived needs occurred in three of 10 LED regions. Differences between the model and perceived estimates for game warden personnel indicated the difficulty of determining where and how many game warden personnel are to be assigned and a need for additional consumer and other demand types of data at the county level.

Evaluation of Nesting Cover as Protection from Magpie Predation

Protection offered by nesting cover was evaluated by studying 529 simulated nests placed in nine vegetative covers. Of these nests, 278 were destroyed in the 10-day test period. Twenty-five percent of these simulated nests were destroyed the first 24-hour period, and 36 percent remained intact throughout the full test period. Grain fields, cat-tail ( Typha angustifolia), bulrush ( Scirpt4s ac?tus and S. validus)) and irrigation ditch vegetation provided more protection (30 percent destroyed), than tall weeds, willows ( Salix exigua and S. Iasiandra ), sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ), or downy chess ( Bromus tectorum) (80 percent destroyed). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) provided a moderate amount of protection (40 percent destroyed). The black-billed magpie (Pica pica hudsonia) was found to be the most important nest predator on the Wilson Lake study area. A cover index that evaluated the visibility of eggs from all four sides and the top showed that heavier covers were more protective than light ones. WIAGPIE PREDATION * Jones and Hungerf ord 727 of the United States. The Ronald Press Company, New York. 769pp. PETERSON, J. E. (In press.) A method for the rapid, effieient extraetion and elean-up of biologieal samples for ehlorinated hydroearbon pestieide residue analysis. Bull. Environmental Contam. and Toxieol. ROSENE, W., JR., AND D. W. LAY. 1963. Disappearanee and visibility of quail remains. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 27 ( 1 ) :139-142. RUDD, R. L., AND R. E. GENELLY. 1956. Pesticides: their use and toxieity in relation to wildlife. California Fish and Game Dept. Game Bull. 7. 209pp. SHARP, H. F., JR. 1967. Food ecology of the rice rat, Oryzomys palustris (Harlan), in a Georgia salt marsh. J. Mamma1. 48 ( 4 ) 557463. SHELDON, M. G., R. B. FINT.F.Y, JR., M. H. MOHN, AND G. H. ISE. 1963. Aldrin eontamination of lakes at the Roeky Mountain Arsenal. Pages 63-64. In Pestieide-wildlife studies: a review of Fish and Wildlife Serviee investigations during 1961 and 1962. U. S. Bur. Sport Fisheries and Wildl. Cire. 167. lO9pp. SINGLETON-, J. R. 1953. Texas coastal waterfowl survey. Texas Game and Fish Comm. Ser. 11, P-R Rept., Project 29-R Segments l-5. 128pp. STICKEL, W. H., LUCILLE F. STICKEL, AND J. W. SPANN. 1969. Tissue residues of dieldrin in relation to mortality in birds and mammals. Pages 17W200. In M. W. Miller and G. G. Berg [Editors], Chemical fallout: current research on persistent pesticides. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. 531pp. TUCKER, R. K., AND D. G. CRABTREE. 1970. Handbook of toxicity of pesticides to wildlife. U. S. Bur. Sport Fisheries and Wildl. Resource Publ. 84. 131pp. U. S. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE. 1970. Wildlife research problems, programs, progress, 1968. Resource Publ. 85. 112pp. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 1966. Rice: annual market summary; 1966. Consumer and Marketing Serv. Grain Div.7 C & MS-18. 47pp. U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1962. Effects of pesticides on fish and wildlife: a review of investigations during 1960. U. S. Bur. Sport Fisheries and \07ildl. Circ. 143. 52pp. ReceivecZ for publication January 4, 1971. For many years, the black-billed magpie and waterfowl ( Wetmore 1921, Williams has been blamed for reducing game populaand Marshall 1938, Greene 1948 ) . Efforts tions in the western United States. There to measure the influence of nest predation are many records of magpies destroying by magpies have arrived at widely divernests of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) gent conclusions on the total effect of this 1 Present address: Delta Waterfowl Research P Station, Delta, Manitoba. Chesness et al. ( 1968 ) found that predaThis content downloaded from 157.55.39.93 on Wed, 27 Jul 2016 05:37:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms COVER PERCENT OF TYPES ACREAGE TOTAL AREA Sagebrush 125.0 1.5 Don7ny chess 6,585.0 80.8 Tall weeds 7.S 0.1 Willow 42.0 0.5 Bulrush 1.7 0.1 Cat-tail 4.8 0.1 Agricultural 1,385.0 17.0 728 Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 36, No. 3, July 1972 environmental factors that influence magpie predation on nests of pheasants and waterfowl. This report deals with nest cover and its protective value for game bird nesting.

Changes in Competing Populations of Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus) in Southwestern Texas

Population dynamics of whiptail lizards were studied at the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster Co., Texas, in 1951 and 1952. Some of these studies were repeated in 1962. In the decade between the studies, Black Gap recovered from the effects of a severe drought. Changes in the lizard populations consisted of changes in population densities and in diet. Cnemidophorus tigris showed an increased density in the ecological association dominated by it in 1952 and also increased densities in the associations dominated by the other two species of the area in 1952. Cnemidophorus septemvittatus and C. inornatus which equalled tigris in numbers in 1952 are now quite rare.. Changes in diet consisted primarily of a higher percentage of caterpillars and a lower percentage of termites in 1962 than in 1952. Population dynamics of whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) were studied at four stations in the Chihuahuan Biotic Province (Blair, 1940, 1950; Dice, 1943) of southwestern Texas during the summers of 1951 and 1952. The results of these studies were reported in a series of papers (Milstead, 1957a, 1957b, 1958, 1959, 1961). In the years following 1952, vegetational, climatic and faunal changes were observed at two of the stations: The Stockton Plateau, Terrell County, and the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, Brewster County. Changes were also noted at the other two stations, although the regions were visited less frequently. A few of the changes at all four stations have been reported previously (Milstead, 1960, 1961). In 1962 attempts were made to duplicate some of the whiptail studies at the two areas most closely observed. These efforts failed on the Stockton Plateau because of devastation of the land by livestock, but work at the Black Gap area was more rewarding. The studies that were repeated consisted of stomach analyses of collected specimens and estimates of density by collecting and trapping. The results of the 1962 studies were then compared with the results obtained a decade earlier. On visits to Black Gap between 1952 and 1962, it was noted that the area underwent several vegetational changes. The years 1949 to 1957 were drought years over much of the Southwestern United States. In 1952, Black Gap was arid with a sparse cover of desert vegetation. During the climax of the drought in 1957, vegetation was very sparse generally, and virtually absent in some areas. By 1959 the station had begun to recover. In 1961 and 1962, the land had reached a condition far more mesic than it had been a decade earlier. The 1 This work was supported as a part of project NSF G 15556 from the National Science Foundation. The cooperation of the Texas Game and Fish Commission in permitting this work to be done at the Black Gap Wildlife Management Area is gratefully acknowledged. Mr. Donald R. Patten served as research assistant in 1962. Thanks are also due Dr. Donald W. Tinkle of Texas Technological College for a number of helpful suggestions.

The Lesser Prairie Chicken in the Texas Panhandle

Trends in populations of lesser prairie chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in the Texas Panhandle were investigated by censusing drumming grounds annually on two study areas during a 10-year period, 1952-62, for comparison with data from a census of the same areas in 1942. Severe drops in populations came in 1952. The decline was triggered by onset of a major drouth lasting through 1956, but populations did not increase during a series of good rainfall years starting with 1957. Changing land-use practices are responsible for keeping lesser prairie chickens at low population levels in the Texas Panhandle. The more important of these are overgrazing of cattle range, particularly in dry weather, resulting in displacement of the tall grasses; accelerated programs of aerial spraying with herbicides for brush control; and combine harvesting of grain sorghum in place of storage by stacking and shocking in the field. The range of the lesser prairie chicken has been mapped (Fig. 1) as extending over most of the grasslands of western Texas, north and east of a line from Loving and Pecos counties east to Sutton and Kimble counties, and thence northeast through Concho, Callahan, and Clay counties (Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission. 1945. Principal game birds and mammals of Texas. 147pp.). The exact limits of the original range of the lesser prairie chicken cannot be clearly defined, for few early records make a distinction between the lesser prairie chicken and the greater (T. cupido pinnatus), which was also a native of north and central Texas. Even during the time of wide distribution, the lesser prairie chicken may have been only a winter migrant in the southernmost part of its range in Texas. A number of the earliest settlers of Throckmorton and Young counties, when interviewed during the 1930's, were in agreement that the prairie chicken was confined to the sandy grasslands to the north during the breeding season. They knew the prairie chicken only as a winter migrant. Sometime about the turn of the last century, the lesser prairie chicken is believed to have reached its greatest abundance in the Texas Panhandle. A patchwork of homesteader farms interrupted the continuity of the grasslands without any great amount of infringement on the area of the latter, and the introduction of dryland grain sorghums provided a supplemental source of winter food for the prairie chicken. These years of greatest abundance were also years of unrestricted slaughter. Railways ran specials for sportsmen to such towns as Higgins in Lipscomb County and placed iced cars on sidings for preservation of the kill. By 1930, cultivated land was encroaching on Panhandle grasslands to the point of restricting the prairie chicken range and blocking ancestral travel patterns. In the meantime, prairie chickens had established the habit of feeding on winter grain shocks, thus becoming more vulnerable to hunters and indignant farmers alike. Finally, the great drouth beginning in 1934 accented the plight of the prairie chicken by depressing the population to a scarcity level hitherto unknown. The Texas Legislature halted legal hunting in 1937 by passage of a 5-year closed season. There has been no 'A contribution from the Wildlife Restoration Division, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Federal Aid Projects W-11-D and W-45-R.

Ecological and Distributional Relations of Desert Scrub Birds of Western Texas

In the deserts of North America, as in other areas remote from centers of population, initial studies of the avifauna were directed principally along taxonomic and distributional lines. In recent years, interest in desert birds has broadened, and studies of breeding bird populations, life histories of individual species, and physiological ecology have been undertaken. The principal focus of the investigations reported here was determination of habitat preferences and population density of birds breeding in desert scrub vegetation in southern Brewster County, Texas, as a part of a long term study of community relations of vertebrates of the Big Bend area. Field work involved parts of four nesting seasons, 1955 to 1958 inclusive. Studies were conducted in the Big Bend National Park and on the Texas Game and Fish Commission's Black Gap Wildlife Management Area, lying east of Big Bend Park and 53 miles southeast of Marathon, since these areas were relatively undisturbed insofar as present economic exploitation is concerned. Taxonomic and distributional background is provided by the writings of Van Tyne and Sutton (1937) and Miller (1955).

Status and Population Trend in Fox Squirrels on Fringe Range, Colorado

FERNALD, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. Eighth Edition. New York: Amer. Book Co. 1,632pp. KORSCHGEN, L. J. 1955. Fall foods of waterfowl in Missouri. Mo. Cons. Comm., P-R Series No. 14. 41pp. MARTmN, A. C. 1949. Procedures in wildlife food studies. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Leaflet 325. 10pp. ----, N. HOTCHKISS, F. M. UHLER, AND W. S. BOURN. 1953. Classification of wetlands of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept.: Wildl. No. 20. 14pp. . , AND F. M. UHLER. 1939. Food of game ducks in the United States and Canada. U.S. Dept. Agric., Tech. Bull. 634. 156pp. 1, H. S. ZIM, AND A. L. NELSON. 1951. American wildlife and plants. New York: McGraw-Hill. 500pp. SINGLETON, J. R. 1953. Texas coastal waterfowl survey. Austin: Texas Game and Fish Comm. FA Report Series, No. 11. 128pp. SMALL, J. K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. New York: John Kunkel Small. 1,554pp.

Livestock and Deer Activities on the Edwards Plateau of Texas

During the summer of 1955 observations and records were made of the grazing habits and daily activities of cattle, sheep, goats and white-tailed deer (Odoco&us virginiawus temnus) on experimental pastures of the Kerr Wildlife Management, Area in west-central Kerr County, Texas. This study was a part of a long-time project dealing with livestock-deer interactions initiated by the Texas Game and Fish Commission in cooperation with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous studies on livestock or deer activities in Texas were made by Cory (1927), Buechner (1944) and Davis (1952). Bange cattle activities have been studied in Arizona by Culley (1938)) in Kansas by Moorfleld and Hopkins (1951)) in New Mexico by Kilpatrick (1955) and in Montana by Peterson and Woolfolk (1955). The latter study included a review of the literature dealing with the activities of range animals.

Observations on the Eulittoral Ichthyofauna of the Texas Gulf Coast

The shallow-water fish fauna of the northern Gulf of Mexico proper is but scantily reported in the literature. A study of the beach zone at Gilchrist, Texas, during the summer of 1955 revealed the presence of 38 species of fishes. Certain of the Gulf inhabitants appeared to have moved into the area from East Bay through the newly-constructed Rollover Pass. The relative abundance and size distribution of several species indicated conditions intermediate between those of the Louisiana and lower Texas coasts. During the summer of 1954, 1955, and 1956, the author has been engaged in studying the ecology of East Bay, Texas, a part of the Galveston Bay system. This investigation, a project of the Marine Division, Texas Game and Fish Commission, was primarily concerned with the effects of the introduction of Gulf of Mexico waters into estuarine East Bay through Rollover Pass. The 1954 study was conducted prior to the cutting of the pass through Bolivar Peninsula and the results have been reported (Reid, 1955a, 1955b). Investigations of the bay were made in June, 1955 and 1956, following the excavation of the pass and the introduction of more saline waters; the report of the 1955 bay study has been published (Reid, 1956). Since the construction of the pass through narrow Bolivar Peninsula would allow for intermingling of bay and Gulf organisms, attention was also given to the fauna of the Gulf eulittoral zone. An account of the Gulf shallow-water fauna in the vicinity of Gilchrist, Texas, in June and early July, 1954, is contained in an earlier publication (Reid, 1955b). The amount of published information relative to fish populations in the shallow beach-zones along the northern Gulf is deplorably meager. With this in mind, the present account of observations made in June, 1955, and comparison with data from 1954 are offered as a contribution to the knowledge of the Gulf fauna generally, and to an increased understanding of the life history, ecology, and distribution of several fish species specifically. Twenty-nine collections were made with a one hundred-foot seine, the mesh of which was three-quarters of an inch stretched. The net was carried out to a depth of approximately five feet, played out parallel to shore, and pulled straight in. Salinities were determined I A contribution from the Marine Laboratory, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Rockport, Texas. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.171 on Sat, 23 Jul 2016 04:28:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Summer Foods of Some Fish Species in East Bay, Texas

Stomach contents are reported for 83 croaker (Micropogon undulatus) and 280 sand trout (Cynoscion arenarius); also for a few individuals each of sheepshead (Archosargus oviceps), sand perch Bairdiella chrysura), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), and redfish (Sciaenops ocellata). Variety is characteristic in the diets of all species. Populations of these fishes depend upon an adequate supply of small fishes, shrimps, and mollusks. During the summers of 1954 and 1955, the senior author was engaged in biological studies of East Bay, Texas, as a project of the Marine Division of the Texas Game and Fish Commission. During the investigations the food and feeding habits of several fishes were given attention. The junior authors participated in a program during the summer of 1955, and did intensive work in stomach analyses. Reid (1955a, 1955b) has presented general data on the food of sume East Bay fishes during the summer of 1954. The present paper presents a more salient account of the food relationships of certain of the fishes, and considers the effects on feeding habits of the introduction of more saline water (resulting from the construction of a pass between the bay and Gulf of Mexico, as described below) into the originally estuarine habitat. East Bay is a northeastwardly oriented arm of the Galveston Bay system, although an extensive reef (Hanna Reef) located across the lower end of the bay serves rather effectively as a barrier between East Bay and Galveston Bay proper. East Bay, approximately 20 miles long and five miles wide at the lower end, is separated from the Gulf by a slender projection of land, Bolivar Peninsula. The maximum depth at mean tide is about seven feet. The upper (northeast) portion of the bay is now connected with the Gulf by a pass (Rollover Pass) approximately 1900 feet long and 80 feet wide, opened in January, 1955. 'Contribution from the Marine Laboratory, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Rockport_ 2Formerly Department of Wildlife Management, Texas A&M College, College Station. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.37 on Thu, 28 Apr 2016 05:26:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Some Helminth Parasites of the Largemouth Bass in Texas

During the period from February, 1948, through March, 1949, sixty-six largemouth bass, Huro salmoides, from various locations in the State of Texas were examined for their helminth parasites. Although the parasites of the largemouth bass have been extensively studied throughout a large part of its range, no published material or data from Texas have come to the attention of the author. For that reason, this study is presented as a contribution to the knowledge of the parasites of this fish over a part of its range previously not studied. The writer wishes to thank the faculty and students of the Department of Wildlife Management, the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas; and certain members of the staff of the Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission for aid in the collection of bass. He also wishes to thank Dr. Sewell H. Hopkins, Department of Biology, the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, whose interest and guidance made this work possible.

Muskrat Weights and Sex Ratio in the Riverbend Marshes of Wayne County, New York

Journal Article Muskrat Weights and Sex Ratio in the Riverbend Marshes of Wayne County, New York Get access William S. Heit William S. Heit Texas Waterfowl Investigation, Texas Game, Fish & Oyster Com., Rockport, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 30, Issue 2, May 1949, Pages 122–124, https://doi.org/10.2307/1375258 Published: 01 May 1949 Article history Received: 24 February 1948 Published: 01 May 1949

What Wildlife Information Should Be Taught in the Schools?

Research Article| October 01 1946 What Wildlife Information Should Be Taught in the Schools? Walter P. Taylor Walter P. Taylor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1946) 9 (1): 14–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/4437748 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Walter P. Taylor; What Wildlife Information Should Be Taught in the Schools?. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1946; 9 (1): 14–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4437748 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Ecologic Niches Occupied by Rabbits in Eastern Texas

EcologyVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 120-121 Note and Comment Ecologic Niches Occupied by Rabbits in Eastern Texas Walter P. Taylor, Walter P. Taylor Texas Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit College Station, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel W. Lay, Daniel W. Lay Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas. Texas Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, College Station, Texas.Search for more papers by this author Walter P. Taylor, Walter P. Taylor Texas Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit College Station, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorDaniel W. Lay, Daniel W. Lay Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas. Texas Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, College Station, Texas.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1944 https://doi.org/10.2307/1930770Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1January 1944Pages 120-121 RelatedInformation

The Helminths of Raccoons in East Texas

Through the kind cooperation of Mr. Rollin H. Baker, Field Biologist of the Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, 13 raccoons (Procyon lotor lotor) from Angelina County, in East Texas, were made available for parasitological examination. Nine of the specimens were trapped during early December; the other four were obtained in May and September. All of the raccoons were heavily parasitized, containing from four to eight species of worms. One animal was estimated to contain about 50,000 Pharyngostomoides procyonis, one large Mesocestoides and several immature ones, a dozen hookworms, a few Molineus and several spiny-headed worms in the intestine; eight gnathostomes in the stomach; several hundred Eurytrema in the pancreas; and several guinea worms in each hind foot. Two kinds of parasites, gnathostomes and guinea worms, were markedly seasonal, being abundant in winter but not at other times.

Live Trapping Texas Antelopes

The credit for the first successful livetrapping and transplanting of pronghorned antelopes (Antilocapra americana) belongs to Elliot S. Barker, State Game Warden, and Paul Russell, District Deputy Game Warden, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. The antelope trap and shipping crate now used by the Texas Game Department are modified from those employed by the State of New Mexico. The Texas method of drifting the antelopes into the trap and of removing the animals for shipment differs from the New Mexico live-trapping technique. An airplane replaces horsemen and antelopes removed from the crowding pen in a group. There are two main purposes of livetrapping and transplanting antelopes. The first is to remove antelopes from sheep to cattle range, the incompatibility of domestic sheep and antelope having been convincingly demonstrated by management and habitat studies. The second objective is to reduce the population on enclosed areas where there is a surplus and to distribute them over former and present suitable ranges from which they are now absent. Antelopes are unable to escape from sheep-wired enclosures but can crawl under or through ordinary barbed wire fences; by transporting them to favorable cattle ranges they may increase in number, spread, and become more firmly established in the fauna of the state. The first attempt to transplant antelopes in Texas was made in Sterling County during 1939, when 257 head were trapped and liberated in twentyone new localities. Trapping operations were resumed in the Davis Mountain Range in Brewster and Presidio Counties during October, 1940. Because of the mountainous terrain of this section of western Texas and also the large pastures (10,240 to 22,400 acres) in which the antelopes were to be trapped, it was soon learned that the method of employing horsemen for drifting the animals into a trap was too costly. While the writer was taking a census of antelopes by airplane near Alpine, Texas, it was observed that the animals tended to flee from the drone of the airplane motor. This tendency was found to increase in proportion to the nearness of the plane. Following up this lead, it was learned that scattered herds of antelope could be assembled into one and drifted in any desired direction, provided the airplane was maneuvered so that the drone of the motor issued from a position behind or to one side of the antelopes and at altitudes of 50 to 500 feet. Further experiments showed that a modification of the trap would be necessary before this species could be captured by airplane driving. Numerous variations in trap construction were tried before success was achieved. Since the adoption of this method of herding ant lope by airplane, 467 animals have been trapped, sexed, aged, weighed, eartagged, and released in suitable habitats. The trapping operations covered 43 days. Only three animals died, a mortality of but 0.64 per cent. Releases were made at distanceE of from 25 to

The Problem of Stream Pollution in Texas with Special Reference to Salt Water from the Oil Fields

Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyVolume 64, Issue 1 p. 81-86 Article The Problem of Stream Pollution in Texas with Special Reference to Salt Water from the Oil Fields A. H. Wiebe, A. H. Wiebe Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. G. Burr, J. G. Burr Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. E. Faubion, H. E. Faubion Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this author A. H. Wiebe, A. H. Wiebe Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. G. Burr, J. G. Burr Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorH. E. Faubion, H. E. Faubion Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1934 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1934)64[81:TPOSPI]2.0.CO;2Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume64, Issue1January 1934Pages 81-86 RelatedInformation