Comparison Of Statistical Tests Research Articles

Investigation of the Environmental and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Counties with a High Asthma Burden to Focus Asthma Action in Utah

Rising adult asthma prevalence (AAP) rates and asthma emergency room (AER) visits constitute a large burden on public health in Utah (UT), a high-altitude state in the Great Basin Desert, USA. This warrants an investigation of the characteristics of the counties with the highest asthma burden within UT to improve allocation of health resources and for planning. The relations between several predictor environmental, health behavior and socio-economic variables and two health outcome variables, AAP and AER visits, were investigated for UT’s 29 counties. Non-parametric statistical comparison tests, correlation and linear regression analysis were used to determine the factors significantly associated with AER visits and AAP. Regression kriging with Utah small area data (USAD) as well as socio-economic and pollution data enabled local Moran’s I cluster analysis and the investigation of moving correlations between health outcomes and risk factors. Results showed the importance of desert/mining dust and socio-economic status as AAP and AER visits were greatest in the south of the state, highlighting a marked north–south divide in terms of these factors within the state. USAD investigations also showed marked differences in pollution and socio-economic status associated with AAP within the most populous northern counties. Policies and interventions need to address socio-economic inequalities within counties and between the north and south of the state. Fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter monitors should be installed in towns in central and southern UT to monitor air quality as these are sparse, but in the summer, air quality can be worse here. Further research into spatiotemporal variation in air quality within UT is needed to inform public health interventions such as expanding clean fuel programs and targeted land-use policies. Efforts are also needed to examine barriers to routine asthma care.

Characterization of New Optical Imaging Biomarkers of Peripheral Nerve Overstimulation

An animal study was designed to explore the potentially damaging effects of electrical overstimulation on peripheral nerves using a polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) imaging and stimulation platform. Lewis rats (n = 15) were divided into 3 groups with 2 different levels of stimulation applied to the exposed sciatic nerve: Group 1 (sham control): 0.0 mA/0 Hz, Group 2: 3.4 mA/50 Hz, and Group 3: 6.8 mA/100 Hz. On day 1, the protocol contains Von Frey and walking track behavioral tests, followed by sciatic nerve exposure surgery (left leg). Electrical stimulation of the nerve was performed for one hour, with a one‐hour recovery period. PS‐OCT and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) imaging were performed both prior to and during these periods. On day 7, this protocol was repeated without stimulation. OCT imaging was performed along a 5‐mm length of the sciatic nerve, including sites proximal and distal to injury. Both the stimulated and contralateral sciatic nerves were then resected and processed for histology.Image analysis quantified the effects of electrical stimulation at the two time points and allows comparison between stimulation levels. In all cohort groups, PS‐OCT image features remained consistent on day 1. On day 7, we observed relatively few PS‐OCT or OCT‐A changes compared to day 1 in the sham control animals. Groups 2 and 3 showed a clear increase in OCT‐A perfusion in the stimulated region, while there is a drop in PS‐OCT signal in the same area. The PS‐OCT signal drop‐out appears more pronounced in Group 2 compared to Group 3. It is not yet clear if the PS‐OCT signal drop‐out is related to demyelination or from shadowing from hyperperfused tissue. Walking track video was analyzed frame‐by‐frame for animal foot spread to determine sciatic and tibial function indices. This data, along with Von Frey withdrawal forces, were analyzed with statistical comparison tests (ANOVA) and indicated no significant differences between the groups nor significant interactions when compared across stimulation group, pre‐ and post‐exposure, and ipsilateral‐contralateral leg. Histological samples were processed for histomorphometry and axonal damage proximal and distal to the injury, as well as for immunohistochemistry of axons, macrophages, and nuclei in the stimulated and unstimulated regions in all groups.PS‐OCT and OCT‐A proffer real‐time observation of nerve changes with overstimulation that are undetectable by behavioral testing.Support or Funding InformationNIH SPARC

PD37-09 PREVALENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SPHINCTER MISUSE AMONG MEN WITH ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTERS

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: As the population ages, a growing number of patients will suffer progressive cognitive decline, both normal and pathological. The association between cognitive impairment and loss of independence in activities of daily living is well documented and relates to both memory loss and functional decline in abilities like manual dexterity. These deficits can be particularly problematic for patients with artificial urinary sphincters (AUS). We aimed to define the prevalence of cognitive impairment and sphincter misuse among our institutional cohort of AUS patients. METHODS: Men who had undergone primary AUS placement or revision surgery at our institution from 2004-2019 were invited to participate in telephone surveys. Patients answered questions regarding current urinary symptoms, quality of life, medical history, AUS use, and urologic follow-up. Validated telephone mini-mental status exams (T-MMSE) were completed to assess cognitive function. Patients were categorized by degree of cognitive impairment and analyzed using appropriate statistical comparison tests. RESULTS: A total of 142 unique patients were identified; 74 participated in the study (61% response rate, excluding 20 deceased patients). Median age and follow-up since AUS implantation were 76 [69, 81] and 7 [4, 11] years, respectively. Some degree of cognitive impairment was seen in 18 (24%) patients: 13 (18%) mild, 2 (3%) moderate, and 3 (4%) severe. Table 1 compares patient characteristics, revision and continence rates, and sphincter usage patterns in those with normal versus impaired cognition. Twenty-three (31%) patients reported they did not cycle their device with every void, and 11 (15%) reported they were no longer using their AUS. Notably, 50% of patients with impaired cognition were not cycling their device with every void compared to 25% among those with normal cognition. Over half of all patients with impaired cognition had not seen a urologist in the last year. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed significant rates of cognitive impairment and sphincter misuse among men with artificial urinary sphincters. These data suggest there may be a role for monitoring cognitive function and long-term follow-up in these patients. Further prospective study of cognitive decline and related outcomes in AUS patients is warranted.Source of Funding: No source of funding

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO MONITOR DYE DEGRADATION BY THE FENTON PROCESS

The present work proposed the application of a multivariate regression model based on image data to monitor the decolorization process. Thus, a PLS regression based on the color histogram was applied to monitor the methylene blue degradation by the Fenton reaction. The results obtained by the digital imaging and UV-Vis methods were compared and the initial (Co) and final (C) methylene blue concentrations, as well as the kinetic parameters, coefficients of determination (R2), half time degradation (t½), intercept (ρ), and slope (σ), were evaluated. From our results, the digital imaging and UV-Vis methods have equivalent potential to monitor the color removal profile, similar kinetic term, and low measurement errors. While the coefficient of determination (R(2)) of all PLS models and kinetics curves are close to 1.00, the half time degradation (t½) parameter ranged between 0.29 to 1.39 min for the UV-Vis model, and 0.80 min to 2.17 min for the digital imaging model. Furthermore, the efficiency of methylene blue removal ranged between 92.04% and 97.78% for the UV-Vis model and 91.30% to 93.72% for the digital imaging model. Then, based on statistical comparison tests, it was concluded that the digital imaging method is an alternative to monitor dye degradation processes.

Comparison of Statistical Tests and Power Analysis for Phosphoproteomics Data.

Advances in protein tagging and mass spectrometry have enabled generation of large quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome data sets, for identifying differentially expressed targets in case-control studies. The power study of statistical tests is critical for designing strategies for effective target identification and control of experimental cost. Here, we develop a simulation framework to generate realistic phospho-peptide data with known changes between cases and controls. Using this framework, we quantify the performance of traditional t-tests, Bayesian tests, and the ranking-by-fold-change test. Bayesian tests, which share variance information among peptides, outperform the traditional t-tests. Although ranking-by-fold-change has similar power as the Bayesian tests, its type I error rate cannot be properly controlled without proper permutation analysis; therefore, simply relying on the ranking likely brings false positives. Two-sample Bayesian tests considering dependencies between intensity and variance are superior for data sets with complex variance. While increasing the sample size enhances the statistical tests' performance, balanced controls and cases are recommended over a one-side weighted group. Further, higher peptide standard deviations require higher fold changes to achieve the same statistical power. Together, these results highlight the importance of model-informed experimental design and principled statistical analyses when working with large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics data.

A novel approach to the Poisson’s ratio of the yarn

The Poisson’s ratio is a fundamental and inherent property of the materials in their reaction to loading. Determining the correct value of the Poisson’s ratio leads to more accurate predictions of the mechanical behavior of the material, especially in employing mechanical or numerical finite element modeling methods. In this study, seven different types of medium and coarse yarn were digitally filmed in seven sections from three various angles while tensile strength testing. Then, longitudinal and transverse strains and consequently, momentary deformation index and Poisson’s ratio of the yarns were calculated. Significance level of the mean Poisson’ ratio was also determined at different angles and sections using statistical comparison test. The results showed that the transverse strain has a convergent state at the end of the test and the start of the yarn breaking occurs at the convergence point. Additionally, in upper sections of yarn near to the movable jaw of the strength tester, the amount of the longitudinal strain increases which leads to reduce in momentary deformation index and Poisson’s ratio of the yarn. Moreover, a sectional mode to measure the Poisson's ratio was presented.

Comparison of Three Anxiety Management Protocols for Extraction of Third Molars With the Use of Midazolam, Diazepam, and Nitrous Oxide: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The objective of the present study was to compare 3 sedation protocols using diazepam, midazolam, and nitrous oxide. A total of 120 patients with an indication for extraction of third molars were selected. All 120 patients had had moderate to severe levels of anxiety according to the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. The patients' vital signs were measured, and the results analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and statistical tests of comparison. No statistically significant differences were found in the patients' heart rate. However, the differences in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant after 15minutes of nitrous oxide sedation. The oximetry data showed no differences among the 3 sedation protocols. We also found no statistically significant differences in the retrograde amnesia test. The differences in anxiety from preoperatively to postoperatively were statistically significant for all techniques, demonstrating their effectiveness in anxiety control. All 3 preoperative sedation techniques for anxious patients undergoing extraction of third molars used in the present study were effective in controlling the anxiety, with little effect on the patients' vital signs and retrograde amnesia.

Evaluation of Lettuce in Consortium with Carrot in Agroecological Production of Brazil

Agroecology is the science that establishes the basis for construction of sustainable farming styles. The consortium usually to stand out as alternative interesting small for producers with structural and financial limitations, because it is an effective cropping system practiced long ago and found in all parts of the world, with greater diversity in the tropics. The experiment was conducted between August to November 2012 in the municipality of Garanhuns-PE/Brazil It had as objective to observe how the lettuce would behave in consortium with the carrot in an agroecological system of production. The parameters evaluated in the experiment were plant height, total weight of the plant, weight of leaves and number of leaves. The data obtained were submitted to a statistical comparison test between averages of the consortium and non-consortium beds, using Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that the consortium between lettuce and carrot presented a significant difference for most of the studied variables, negatively influencing its growth.

Performance analysis and comparison of machine learning algorithms for predicting nugget width of resistance spot welding joints

Recently, machine learning algorithms have been extensively utilized in resistance spot welding (RSW) applications to develop non-destructive weldability assessment systems to predict nugget width of RSW joints. However, different predictive models have different prediction performance that can be highly inconsistent. It is critical to compare predictive models and determine the efficient model(s). To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis and systematic prediction performance comparison of RSW nugget width prediction models have not been performed. This paper presents a statistical performance comparison methodology based on bootstrapping and hypothesis testing techniques to systematically compare the prediction performance of predictive models and determine the efficient model(s). Also, a deep neural net (DNN) nugget width prediction model is developed, analyzed, and compared with prior models. Bootstrapping is applied to generate sampling distributions for each predictive model, and statistical comparison tests are employed to analyze and compare the performance of each predictive model and identify statistically significant performance differences. Results of this analysis indicate that DNN, developed for RSW nugget width prediction in this paper, outperforms previous models.

A Comparative Study of Ontology Matching Systems via Inferential Statistics

Ontology matching systems are typically compared by comparing their average performances over multiple datasets. However, this paper examines the alignment systems using statistical inference since averaging is statistically unsafe and inappropriate. The statistical tests for comparison of two or multiple alignment systems are theoretically and empirically reviewed. For comparison of two systems, the Wilcoxon signed-rank and McNemar's mid-p and asymptotic tests are recommended due to their robustness and statistical safety in different circumstances. The Friedman and Quade tests with their corresponding post-hoc procedures are studied for comparison of multiple systems, and their [dis]advantages are discussed. The statistical methods are then applied to benchmark and multifarm tracks from the ontology matching evaluation initiative (OAEI) 2015 and their results are reported and visualized by critical difference diagrams.

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY: PROBLEM OR PROJECT BASED ON LEARNING?

In engineering education, when choosing methodologies to promote the development of professional skills that satisfy both, the requirements of the evaluation agencies and employers, two options, among others, are being considered: Problem-based learning (PBL) and Project-based learning (PjBL).However, there is a certain discrepancy in published research regarding to the suitability of applying one or other methodology, and about the way they should be integrated into the engineering academic programs. Moreover, no meta-analysis using a significant number of subjects has been found in the literature that quantitatively compares the influence of both methodologies to the development of professional skills. This study makes a first approach using the students' assessment of the methodologies, with a questionnaire, as common comparison test. A set of statistical tests of comparison of means values were conducted between two groups of students (PjBL and PBL students). The results show that project-based learning seems to have more influence to develop professional skills in engineering studies at the University of the Basque Country

Comparison of statistical tests in effective connectivity analysis of ECoG data

BackgroundThe effects of statistical testing on the results of multivariate autoregressive (MVAR)-based effective connectivity analysis have not been adequately investigated, and it is still unclear which statistical test can provide the most accurate results. New methodsUsing simulated and real electrocorticographic (ECoG) data, we investigated the performance of three nonparametric statistical tests – Monte Carlo permutation, bootstrap resampling, and surrogate data method in MVAR-based effective connectivity analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the performance of each statistical test method. In addition, we found optimal p-values for each method based on ROC analysis. Finally, we investigated the application of statistical tests on partial directed coherence analysis of ECoG data collected in a patient with epilepsy. ResultsThe bootstrap statistical test performed more accurately than other methods. The surrogate method slightly outperformed the Monte Carlo permutation method. Optimal p-values of statistical tests depended on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of data, and its value increased by reducing SNR of data. By considering the typical SNR range of electrophysiological data, we recommended an optimal p-value range for the application of each statistical test method. Comparison with existing methodsLimited studies have investigated the performance of statistical tests for MVAR-based effective connectivity analysis. For the first time, we have investigated the effects of baseline connections on the various performances of statistical tests. ConclusionsWe recommend utilizing the bootstrap statistical test with p-value between 0.05 and 0.1 for effective connectivity analysis of ECoG data.

Adoption behavior towards the use of nuclear technology in agriculture: A causal analysis

Simultaneous achievement of sustainability, profitability, and productivity in the agricultural sector requires the development and utilization of appropriate technologies derived from agricultural research and extension of technological innovations in this sector. One of the most important issues in this respect is nuclear technology. Accordingly, the present study aims to carry out a causal analysis of the adoption behavior towards the use of nuclear technology in agriculture. The research method was descriptive-correlational and causal-relationship and a survey was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of this study consists of agricultural activists including faculty members of state departments of agriculture and research centers in Tehran and Alborz Provinces, Iran (N = 275); out of which, 160 individuals were selected through Krejcie and Morgan Table using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity of which was approved by a number of specialists in the field of agricultural education and extension as well as agricultural nuclear technology. The reliability of the whole items of the questionnaire was also obtained through a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha test (0.62≤α ≤ 0.82). The results of correlational tests showed that the variables of triability, compatibility, relative advantage, usefulness, attitude, social norms, and improved conditions (including social, cultural, political, and health-related items) have a positive and significant correlation with the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agricultural sector. Moreover, the results of statistical tests of comparison of means (Kruskal-Wallis) revealed that the attitudes of faculty members in Agricultural Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization in terms of views, knowledge, behavior, and tendency to nuclear technology adoption in agricultural sector were significantly different from those of other respondents. The causal analysis results showed that the component of improved conditions (social, cultural, political, and health-related items) had the greatest impact on the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agriculture (β = 0.464).

A Dendritic Cell Immune System Inspired Scheme for Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation of Wind Turbines

In this paper, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) methodology based on an immune system (IS) inspired mechanism known as the dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) is developed and implemented. Our proposed DCA-based FDI methodology is then applied to a well-known wind turbine test model. The proposed DCA-based scheme performs both detection as well as isolation of sensor faults given dual sensor redundancy, unlike other works in the literature that only address the fault detection problem and rely on analytical redundancy approach for accomplishing the fault isolation task. A nonparametric statistical comparison test is also performed to compare the performance of the DCA-based FDI scheme with another IS-based scheme known as the negative selection algorithm. Through extensive simulation case study scenarios the capabilities and performance of our proposed methodologies have been fully demonstrated and justified.

P325 Risk factors for lymph node involvement in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis complicated by colorectal cancer in the biological years

Patients affected by ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), being extensive and long-standing disease associated with neoplasia. Little is known about the predictors for nodal positivity (N+) at time of surgery, especially since the introduction of biologics. The aim of this study was to compare patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for CRC complicating UC for demographic characteristics and perioperative variables depending on the lymph node involvement at the histology. Since 2002, patients undergoing an IPAA procedure for UC complicated by CRC were retrospectively included. N+ patients were compared with a control group of patients without nodal involvement (N−) for demographic characteristics, use of biological drugs, clinical features. Statistical tests for comparison of continuous or categorical variables were used as appropriate. Forty-eight patients were included. Surgical data are reported in Table 1. Perioperative variables of patients undergoing IPAA for ulcerative colitis complicated by colorectal cancer. Variables are presented as N(%) or median (range) Perioperative variables of patients undergoing IPAA for ulcerative colitis complicated by colorectal cancer. Variables are presented as N(%) or median (range) Histological findings are detailed in Table 2 while perioperative risk factors for nodal involvement are reported in Tables 3 and 4. Data of biologic drugs are reported in Table 5. Pathological features. Variables are presented as N (%) or median (range) Pathological features. Variables are presented as N (%) or median (range) Patients and UC clinical features according to nodal involvement (p value was considered statistically significant when <0.05) Patients and UC clinical features according to nodal involvement (p value was considered statistically significant when <0.05) Indication to surgery, age at surgery, and cancer localisation based on nodal involvement (p value was considered statistically significant when <0.05) Indication to surgery, age at surgery, and cancer localisation based on nodal involvement (p value was considered statistically significant when <0.05) History of preoperative biological treatment History of preoperative biological treatment A younger age at diagnosis of UC (p = 0.039) and at IPAA surgery (p = 0.010) identifies patients at a higher risk of nodal involvement. Duration, activity, and extension of disease at the time of surgery are not associated with nodal positivity. A history of the use of more than one biological agent increases significantly the chance of nodal metastases. Despite the bias of limited numbers and the retrospective nature, our study suggests that younger patients with a history of biological treatment (especially if more than one agent) should undergo a more intensive endoscopic and clinical follow-up.

Fusing synergistic information from multi-sensor images: An overview from implementation to performance assessment

Image fusion is capable of processing multiple heterogeneous images acquired by single or multi-sensor imaging systems for an improved interpretation of the targeted object or scene. A diversity of applications have benefited from the fusion of multi-sensor images through a more reliable and comprehensive fused result. Likewise, numerous approaches to fuse multi-sensor images have been proposed and published in literature. However, due to a lack of benchmark resources and commonly accepted assessment measures, it is hard to identify the significance of new image fusion algorithms and implementations. This paper reviews and categorizes recent algorithms for image fusion and performance assessment based on reported comparative results. We recommend using non-parametric statistical tests to verify the performance of the pixel-level fusion algorithms. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of 40 fusion algorithms from recently published results is conducted to demonstrate the significance of these algorithms in terms of statistical analyses within their respective applications. Although the results of these performance tests are limited by available data sets, baseline algorithms, and selected assessment metrics; it is a critical step for comparative image fusion research. This paper aims to advance image fusion development by creating a complete inventory of state-of-the-art image fusion techniques and advocating statistical comparison tests to avoid unnecessary duplication of development efforts. Establishing a benchmark study for image fusion is critical for performance comparisons of contemporary methods.

Evaluasi Produk Pembelajaran Multimedia (Pelin) Evaluation Of Learning Multimedia Product (Pelin)

This paper purpose is to discover shortcomings of multimedia product of Pelin and to conduct asurvey to users of multimedia Pelin . Pelin is an online e-learning multimedia for students of Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Bumigora Mataram, which is able the students to upload task file and download learning material. Pelin system is based on restful webservice that can provide distant learning. There are four levels of evaluation, those are reaction, learning, behavior and result. The formative evaluations result show: the Pelin multimedia disadvantages are: not supports interactive face to face learning, not facilitates audio communication, not be fully user friendly, could not upload graphic and image files, not be provided by feedback facility of test result and also not have help menus. The summative evaluation result found that the Pelin Multimedia is supports independent learning, provides web-client application, improves reaction of student to learn, increases student knowledge comprehension, increaseslearning behavior, and gives good learning result. Statistical comparison tests found there aresignificant differences influence the implementation of Pelin and there is no difference in terms of the level of reaction, learning and behavior towards the use of Pelin for S1 and D3 students.

Role of abortion and ectopic pregnancies in maternal mortality rate at three university hospitals in Yaoundé

IntroductionL'organisation mondiale de santé (OMS) estime que chaque année dans le monde 585 000 femmes meurent de complications liés à la grossesse, à l'accouchement, aux suites de couche et à l'avortement (ce dernier contribuant pour 13% des décès maternels). La GEU est responsable de 10% de mortalité maternelle au premier trimestre de la grossesse. Le taux de mortalité maternelle reste élevé au Cameroun, estimé à 782 pour 100 000 naissances vivantes selon EDS-MICS 2011. La contribution de ces deux entités dans la mortalité maternelle étant peu documentée dans notre pays, nous avons entrepris de réaliser cette étude avec pour objectif d'évaluer la contribution des avortements et des GEU dans la mortalité maternelle au Cameroun.Méthodesil s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et analytique. Nous avons colligé tous les dossiers des patientes enceintes et décédées avant la 28ème semaine de grossesse, dans trois hôpitaux universitaires: Hôpital Central de Yaoundé (HCY), Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé (HGOPY), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU), sur la période allant du 1er juin 2011 au 31 mai 2016, soit sur cinq ans. Les données étaient compilées sur une fiche technique préétablie et testée, saisies en utilisant le logiciel CS pro 6.2 et analysées par le logiciel SPSS 20. Les tests statistiques de comparaison utilisés étaient le Khi 2 et le test de Fischer en fonction des effectifs. Le seuil de significativité était retenu pour P < 005.RésultatsTous avons enregistré 524 décès maternels pour 31116 naissances vivantes, soit un taux de mortalité maternelle (TMM) de 1538.9/100 000 naissances vivantes. Sur les 524 décès maternels, 414 dossiers étaient exploitables, parmi lesquels, 100 (soit 24.2%) concernaient les avortements et 24 (soit 5.8%) concernaient les grossesses extra-utérines, ces 2 entités contribuaient ainsi pour 30% de décès maternels (124 dossiers sur 414). L'analyse des 124 dossiers montre que l'âge moyen était de 27.58 +/-6 ans avec des extrêmes de 18 et 48. La tranche d'âge de 20 à 24 ans était la plus représentée (33.1%), suivie de celle de 25 à 29 ans (24.19%). Les célibataires constituaient 75%, les ménagères 36.7 %, de niveau d'instruction secondaire dans 62.5% et multigestes constituaient 36.1% de notre échantillon. Aucune consultation prénatale n'avait été initiée dans 73.4% et seulement 2.4% en avaient fait au moins 4. Les complications ayant conduit au décès étaient dominées par les hémorragies et les infections.ConclusionLes avortements et grossesse extra-utérines restent des causes majeures de la mortalité maternelle dans notre pays. Nous recommandons un renforcement de la planification familiale pour limiter les grossesses non désirées et une prise en charge par assistance socio-économique des patientes à risques.

Effets D’un Programme D’entrainement De 8 Semaines Chez Des Femmes Infectees Du Vih Sous Traitement Antiretroviral (Arv) En Cote d’Ivoire

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 8-week specific Fitness training program on the physical, mental and immunological health of women infected by the virus of the human immunodeficiency and on antiretroviral treatment (ARVT). Methods: a program of sixteen sessions of specific Fitness training displayed over 2 months with two sessions of one hour a week was realized in 48 physically inactive women from 25 to 52 years old, living with the HIV and under antiretroviral treatment. The physical health of the women was evaluated before and after two months of training through body mass index, muscular strength, recovery from exhaustive exercise capacity, flexibility, general balance, immunological state, self-confidence, and self-esteem. The effects of specific fitness training on these parameters were examined through statistical tests of comparison (student t test, paired sample and frequencies). Results: the results of sixteen sessions of training show a significant improvement (p˂0,05) on the general health through the corpulence, the muscular strength, the recuperative capacity, the flexibility, the general balance, the immunological state, the self-confidence, and the self-respect. Conclusion: the implication in the practice of physical activities contributes to improve the health, the quality of life of the PVVIH and the image that they have of themselves, so favoring an acceptance of their own situation and reducing the exclusion, the discrimination and the stigmatization of which they feel victims.

A Negative Selection Immune System Inspired Methodology for Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines.

High operational and maintenance costs represent as major economic constraints in the wind turbine (WT) industry. These concerns have made investigation into fault diagnosis of WT systems an extremely important and active area of research. In this paper, an immune system (IS) inspired methodology for performing fault detection and isolation (FDI) of a WT system is proposed and developed. The proposed scheme is based on a self nonself discrimination paradigm of a biological IS. Specifically, the negative selection mechanism [negative selection algorithm (NSA)] of the human body is utilized. In this paper, a hierarchical bank of NSAs are designed to detect and isolate both individual as well as simultaneously occurring faults common to the WTs. A smoothing moving window filter is then utilized to further improve the reliability and performance of the FDI scheme. Moreover, the performance of our proposed scheme is compared with another state-of-the-art data-driven technique, namely the support vector machines (SVMs) to demonstrate and illustrate the superiority and advantages of our proposed NSA-based FDI scheme. Finally, a nonparametric statistical comparison test is implemented to evaluate our proposed methodology with that of the SVM under various fault severities.