Testosterone Hormone Levels Research Articles

Effect of probiotic on the reproductive system and testosterone of rats intoxicated with hexavalent chromium in the diet

Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) is a toxic and carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the prostate, seminal vesicle, testis and testosterone hormone level in rats, as a preclinical model, intoxicated with increasing doses of Cr VI, in the form of potassium dichromate. The experimental period lasted 90 days and used 80 young male rats randomly allocated into eight groups (n=10): two doses of probiotic and four doses of potassium dichromate incorporated into the diet. After the experimental period, the animals were weighed, euthanized and samples of blood, prostate, seminal vesicle and testis were collected and histological evaluations and hormonal measurements were performed. The probiotic supplemented in the diet reduced (p<0.05) the toxic effects of CrVI on the prostate, seminal vesicle, testis and testosterone hormone levels. The results also revealed that the incorporation of increasing doses of potassium dichromate caused toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner.

Effect of Peganum harmala Total Alkaloid Extract on Sexual Behavior and Sperm Parameters in Male Mice.

The study was designed to evaluate the effects of the total alkaloid extract of Algerian Peganum harmala seeds on sexual behavior and male reproductive function. After two weeks of acclimatization, the male mice were randomly divided into four groups (seven mice in each group). For 35 days, the extract was administered orally at dose levels of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight per day to the respective groups of male mice (n = 7) and normal saline daily to the control group. On day 28, sexual behavior parameters were recorded. At the end of the trial, reproductive organ weights, sperm quality, seminal fructose, and testosterone hormone levels were evaluated. The three treated groups were compared with the control using statistical variance analysis (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), followed by Tukey's test. The results of the groups treated with 12.5 and 6.25 mg/kg of P. harmala alkaloid revealed the MF and IF parameters to be the lowest compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the male mice treated with 25 mg/kg recorded the highest values. A low significant value of ML was observed in the group treated with 25 mg/kg of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala compared to the control group (p < 0.01), while a rise was observed in the concentration group treated with 6.25 mg/kg. Regarding IL, the male mice treated with different concentrations of the total alkaloid extract of P. harmala recorded a higher time than the control group. Moreover, an increase in the gonadosomatic index was noticed in all groups compared to the control group. However, there was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the sperm counts of the groups treated with 12.5 mg/kg and 6.25 mg/kg. However, there was no significant difference in the motility, membrane integrity, and total antioxidant capacity of sperm cells compared to the control. The extract treatment also brought about a non-significant increase in fructose content of the seminal vesicle and serum testosterone level. The findings of this study demonstrate that the extract acts in a dose-dependent manner, and it has varying effects on the reproductive parameters of male mice.

Influence of Letrozole and Co Q10 on Sex Hormones and Spermiogram in Infertile Men; sample of Iraqi patients

Background: The definition of World Health Organization (WHO) to the infertile couple is the failure of female get pregnancy in spite of having regular sexual activity for at least 1 year without using any contraceptive methods, worldwide it is estimated that 15 % of reproductive-age couples are struggling with infertility.&#x0D; In many cases, infertility cannot be treated, new treatment options with promising value were involved in the recent clinical trials.&#x0D; Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of letrozole plus coenzyme Q10 combination on spermiogram and sex hormones in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) syndrome.&#x0D; Patient and methods: fifty-five patients are enrolled in this study, but only 40 patients complete the study, they are treated with a combination of Letrozole 2.5 mg tablet orally twice a week plus Co-enzyme Q10 400mg per day for three months. Seminal fluid sample, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone were analyzed before starting the treatment and at the end of month 1, 2 and 3.Results: sperm concentration, sperm morphology, total sperm count and motility, serum testosterone and follicle stimulation hormone levels, in addition to testosterone/estradiol ratio were significantly improved, while estradiol levels significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment. However, seminal fluid volume showed no significant change. Finally, as a notable outcome, one spontaneous conception occurred after treatment as well as three azoospermia cases responded well after completing the course of treatment.&#x0D; Conclusions: a combination of Letrozole and CO Q10 can effectively improve sperm parameters in Iraqi men with iOAT.

Efficacy of Saudi propolis and bee pollen in the reduction of oxidative stress induced with CCl4 in a testis mice model

Low testosterone levels are caused by alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and exposure to toxic chemicals. This work focused on investigating the activities of propolis (PE) and bee pollen (BPE) extracts in reducing the oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in male mice models. The 48 male Swiss Albino mice weighed 27.5 ± 2.5 g and were divided into: Group1: Control (-) received distilled water only through oral intubation; Group 2: Control (- -) received corn oil by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once a day; Group 3: Control (+) received a sublethal dose of CCL4 intraperitoneally the end of the experiment. Group 4: Stander treated with silymarin at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg orally. Group 5: The mice were given 8.4 mg/ kg bw of (PE) orally. Group 6: The mice were given (BPE) extract (140 mg/kg bw) orally. After five consecutive days of treatment, all mice had testis injury in all groups except G1& G2, by a single i.p injection of CCL4 at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg (bw; 20% v/v in corn oil). The result showed a significant increase in luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, and testosterone hormone levels in the serum and semen parameters in the groups treated with PE and BPE. The histological results showed the greatest improvements in testis structures in the BPE group, which was confirmed using (Bcl-2; immunohistochemistry). These results suggest an important role of the antioxidative effects of PE and BPE in the attenuation of CCl4 oxidative stress.

Organ-Sparing Surgery for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Current Perspective.

Background and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of organ-sparing surgery for testicular germ cell tumors, a procedure that seeks to strike a balance between effective cancer control and organ preservation, in the treatment of testicular tumors. We aimed to discuss the surgical technique and complications, and determine the appropriate candidate selection for this approach. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on organ-sparing surgery for testicular tumors. Various databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were used. Studies reporting on surgical techniques, complications, and oncologic and functional outcomes were included for analysis. Results: Current evidence suggests that organ-sparing surgery for testicular germ cell tumors can be considered a safe and efficacious alternative to radical orchiectomy. The procedure is associated with adequate oncological control, as indicated by low recurrence rates and low complication rates. Endocrine testicular function can be preserved in around 80-90% of patients and paternity can be achieved in approximately half of the patients. Candidate selection for this surgery is typically based on the following criteria: pre-surgery normal levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, synchronous or metachronous bilateral tumors, tumor in a solitary testis, and tumor size less than 50% of the testis. Conclusions: Organ-sparing surgery for testicular germ cell tumors offers a promising approach that balances oncological control and preservation of testicular function. Further research, including large-scale prospective studies and long-term follow-ups, is warranted to validate the effectiveness and durability of organ-sparing surgery and to identify optimal patient selection criteria.

Seroprvalence of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and some hormones on Male Infertility in Nasiriya City, Iraq

Male infertility is a problem that affects 10–15% of males in reproductive age. The current study aimed to detect the role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) cytokine and some hormones in infertility outpatients males at Al-Nasiriya Teaching Hospital/ Infertility Unit/Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. During the period from September 2022 to March 2023, 88 Serum samples from (76 infertility males and 12 control) were collected to assay the levels of TGF-β1, Testosterone, follicle Stimulating and Prolactin hormones by Sandwich-ELISA technique. Infertility patients were distributed to primary and secondary infertility type with a 66(86.84%) and 10 (13.016%) patient, respectively (P≤0.01). All infertility patients showed an elevated mean sera levels of TGF-β1 with (0.734±0.45 ng/ml), as compared with controls (0.670±0.393 ng/ml). No statistical differences were presented between the two groups included in present study regarding this cytokine (P&gt;0.05). The levels of Testosterone, follicle Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin were (3.12 ± 0.76, 7.69 ± 3.67, 15.65 ± 2.75), (3.69 ±1.15, 5.77 ± 0.89, 13.23 ± 0.57) in primary and secondary infertility types compared to control was (6.08 ± 1.42, 7.08 ± 0.73, 11.37 ± 1.15). The present study results may shed light the role of TGF-β1 and some hormones as a serological and diagnosis tool in male infertility. This finding may be contributes as a useful tool in disease classification and assessment.

Short term effects of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide injection on serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels in male veterans: A prospective pilot study.

Despite the common practice of intraarticular corticosteroid injections (ICSIs) for peripheral joint disease, little is known about their systemic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. To assess the short-term effects of ICSIs on serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels together with changes in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores in a veteran population. Prospective pilot study. Outpatient musculoskeletal clinic. Thirty male veterans, median age 50 (range 30-69) years. Ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint injection using 3 mL of 1% lidocaine HCl and 1 mL of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog). Serum T, FSH, and LH levels, Quantitative Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (qADAM), and SPADI questionnaires at baseline, 1, and 4 week(s) post procedure. At 1 week post injection, serum T levels decreased by 56.8 ng/dL (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.8, 21.7, p = .002) compared with baseline. Between 1 and 4 weeks post injection, serum T levels increased by 63.9 ng/dL (95% CI: 26.5, 101.2, p = .001), recovering to near baseline levels. SPADI scores were reduced at 1 week (-18.3, 95% CI: -24.4, -12.1, p < .001) and 4 weeks (-14.5, 95% CI -21.1, -7.9, p < .001). A single ICSI can temporarily suppress the male gonadal axis. Future studies are needed to evaluate for long-term effects of multiple injections at a single setting and/or higher corticosteroid doses on male reproductive axis function.

Hormonal and inflammatory signatures of different mood episodes in bipolar disorder: a large-scale clinical study

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by intensive mood fluctuations. While hormones imbalance plays important role in the mood swings, it is unknown whether peripheral hormones profiles could differentiate the manic and depressive mood episodes in BD. In this study, we investigated the changes of various hormones and inflammatory markers across distinct mood episodes of BD in a large clinical study to provide mood episode-specific peripheral biomarkers for BD.MethodsA total of 8332 BD patients (n = 2679 depressive episode; n = 5653 manic episode) were included. All patients were in acute state of mood episodes and need hospitalization. A panel of blood tests were performed for levels of sex hormones (serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone), stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol), and an inflammation marker (C-reactive protein, CRP). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the discriminatory potential of the biomarkers for mood episodes.ResultsIn overall comparison between mood episodes, the BD patients expressed higher levels of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and CRP (P < 0.001) and lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level (P < 0.001) during manic episode. The episode-specific changes of testosterone, ACTH, and CRP levels remained between the two groups (P < 0.001) after correction for the confounding factors including age, sex, BMI, occupation, marital status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, psychotic symptoms, and age at onset. Furthermore, we found a sex- and age-specific impact of combined biomarkers in mood episodes in male BD patients aged ≥ 45 years (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.634–0.747), not in females.ConclusionsWhile both hormone and inflammatory change is independently associated with mood episodes, we found that the combination of sex hormones, stress hormones and CRP could be more effective to differentiate the manic and depressive episode. The biological signatures of mood episodes in BD patients may be sex- and age-specific. Our findings not only provide mood episode-related biological markers, but also better support for targeted intervention in BD treatments.

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and its associated psychiatric symptoms with the Mongolian medicine Nuangong Qiwei Pill and macelignan

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe Mongolian medicine Nuangong Qiwei Pill (NGQW) is a folk prescription with a long history of use by the Mongolian people. NGQW comprises seven Mongolian medicines, which have the effects of regulating and nourishing blood, warming the uterus, dispelling cold and relieving pain. For a long time, it has been used as a good remedy for gynecological diseases, with remarkable curative effects, favored by the majority of patients and recommended by doctors. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder that can lead to menstrual disorders or infertility. In the gynecological classification of Mongolian medicine, polycystic ovary syndrome has not been distinguished in detail, and the mechanism of NGQW in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome has not been scientifically studied and standardized. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of NGQW and macelignan in the treatment of PCOS and to provide a reference for the clinical application of these drugs. Materials and methodsThe effect of intragastric administration of NGQW and macelignan on PCOS model mice was observed. The mental status of mice was examined behaviorally, and serum hormone levels and oxidative stress parameters were measured by ELISA. Giemsa staining was used to detect the reproductive cycle, and HE staining was used to observe the ovarian status. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. qRT‒PCR was conducted to measure the expression of IL-6, BAX, BCL-2, and estrogen synthesis-related genes in ovarian tissue and particle cells. ResultsIn the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS model mice, both NGQW and macelignan improved the estrous cycle; increased the estradiol (E2) content; lowered testosterone (T), progesterone (P) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; reduced the number of polycystic follicles; promoted granulosa cell proliferation; reduced granulosa cell apoptosis; and alleviated depression and anxiety. In addition, Nuangong Qiwei Pill and macelignan reduced the mRNA levels of the ovarian inflammatory factor IL-6; improved the disordered levels of the antioxidant indicators GSH, MDA, and SOD; and activated the TGF-β3 signaling pathway to increase the transcription of Cyp19a1, which increases estrogen secretion. ConclusionNGQW and macelignan can treat PCOS through the TGF-β3/Smad/Cyp19a1 signaling pathway to regulate the secretion ability of ovarian granulosa cells. Our research justifies the traditional use of NGQW to treat PCOS and enriches the scope of action of macelignan.

KONSENTRASI HORMON TESTOSTERON DAN PROFIL DARAH SAPI BALI YANG DIBERI CHROMOLAENA ODORATA, ANALOG HIDROKSI METIONIN DAN MINYAK NABATI (Testosterone hormone concentration and blood profile of bali cows given chromolaena odorata, hydroxy analogues .....)

The study aims to investigate the influence of supplementation of hydroxy methionine analogues (HMA) and vegetable oils (VO) on testosterone hormone levels and physiological profile of blood plasma of fattening Bali cattle. A randomized block design with four treatments and four tests was used in the study. Sixteen male Bali cattle with a body weight range of 78-183 kg with CV of 25.33% were used. The ration containeds 18% protein and ME = 16 MJ/kg DM with a target weight gain of 0.6 kg/day. The ration is prepared with a protein content of 18% and metabolic energy = 16 MJ / kg BK with a target of weight gain of 0.6 kg / day. Concentrate is given as much as 3% of body weight while rice straw and drinking water are provided ad libitum. The treatment were as follows: RA = concentrate containing C. odorata flour + rice straw ad libitum (control); RB = RA + 3 g HMA; RC = RA + 0.5% VO and RD = RA + 3 g HMA + 0.5% VO. The variables measured were as follows: testosterone hormone, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leucocytes and hematocrit. The results showed that the supplementation of HMA and VO had no significant effect (P˃0.05) on testosterone hormone levels and physiological profile of blood plasma of the study livestock. It was concluded that the use of AHM and VO had no impact on changes in testosterone hormone concentrations and blood profiles of study cattle

Baicalin suppress the development of polycystic ovary syndrome via regulating the miR-874-3p/FOXO3 and miR-144/FOXO1 axis

Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex disease caused by endocrine and metabolic dysfunction in women of reproductive age. Baicalin is reported to ameliorate PCOS. Objective This study determines whether baicalin could affect the progression of PCOS. Materials and methods To establish an animal model of PCOS, female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subcutaneously injected with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 60 mg/kg) for 20 days. Next, normal and PCOS mice were divided into 3 groups: control, PCOS, PCOS + Baicalin (20 mg/kg) groups. In addition, the levels of microRNA-874-3p (miR-874-3p) and microRNA-144 (miR-144) in ovarian tissues were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Compared to the PCOS group, baicalin treatment significantly declined free testosterone (33.71 pg/mL vs. 56.05 pg/mL) and luteinizing hormone (LH; 3971.73 pg/mL vs. 5201.50 pg/mL) levels in rats with PCOS. Additionally, compared to the control group, 100 μM baicalin lessened miR-874-3p and miR-144 levels in human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN cells) by 36.87% and 32.57%, respectively. Furthermore, forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins FOXO1 and FOXO3 are the direct targets of miR-144 and miR-874-3p, respectively. Meanwhile, baicalin induced G0-G1 phase arrest (69.56 ± 3.7% at baicalin with 100 μM vs. 51.24 ± 3.2%, control) in KGN cells correlating with decreased p27 Kip1 (FOXO proteins downstream effector gene) expression by 55.5%; however, miR-874-3p or miR-144 overexpression could abolish this effect. Conclusions Baicalin could alleviate the symptoms of PCOS via regulating miR-874-3p/FOXO3 and miR-144/FOXO1 axis, demonstrating its potential utility in PCOS treatment.

Eriodictyol attenuates Furan induced testicular toxicity in Rats: Role of oxidative stress, steroidogenic enzymes and apoptosis

Furan (C4H4O) is a naturally occurring organic compound. It develops as a result of the thermal processing of food and stimulates critical impairments in male reproductive tract. Eriodictyol (Etyol) is a natural dietary flavonoid possessing diverse pharmacological potentials. The recent investigation was proposed to ascertain the ameliorative potential of eriodictyol against furan-instigated reproductive dysfunctions. Male rats (n = 48) were classified into 4 groups: untreated/control, furan (10 mg/kg), furan+ eriodictyol (10 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg) and eriodictyol (20 mg/kg). At the 56th day of the trial, the protective effects of eriodictyol were evaluated by assessing various parameters. Results of the study revealed that eriodictyol attenuated furan-induced testicular toxicity in the biochemical profile by increasing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with glutathione reductase (GSR) activities, whereas reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It also restored the normal state of sperm motility, viability, the count of hypo-osmotic tail swelled sperm as well as epididymal sperm number along with reduced sperm anomalies (morphological) tail, mid-piece and head. Furthermore, it elevated the decreased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as well steroidogenic enzymes (17β-HSD, StAR protein & 3β-HSD) and testicular anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) expression, whereas, down-regulating apoptotic markers (Bax & Caspase-3) expression. Eriodictyol treatment also effectively mitigated the histopathological damages. The outcomes of the current study provide fundamental insights into the ameliorative potential of eriodictyol against furan-instigated testicular toxicity.

The Effect of Anethum Graveolens on Male Fertility: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

&#x0D; The literature survey has reported that Anethum graveolens extract is inescapably linked with fertility. Recent studies showed that the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens extract has an adverse effect on male fertility by affecting serum testosterone level, sperm concentration as well as sperm motility. However, its evidence has not been established. The present paper tries to determine the level of evidence for the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) on male fertility. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, SPORT Discus, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve the literature used for this review. Keywords utilized across the database search were dill, Anethum graveolens, mice, male fertility, randomized control trial, and experimental. The search was limited to studies in animals; published in the English language. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of Anethum graveolens (dill) extract administration on male fertility. The overall methodological quality of evidence was assessed using the Pedro scale. Out of 25 studies, four trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. All the studies were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, four studies were included for the analysis of sperm concentration, three studies for sperm motility, and two studies for serum testosterone hormone levels. The meta-analysis results suggested there were no significant differences between male fertility and other interventions in the effects of inducing male infertility. The number of studies regarding the current topic is scarce. The overall quality of evidence was very low. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude whether the aqueous extract of dill seed has or has no adverse effect on male fertility. Considering our meta-analysis, we recommended that there is a need for further investigation to provide adequate evidence for the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) on male fertility.

Attenuative effect of astilbin on polystyrene microplastics induced testicular damage: Biochemical, spermatological and histopathological-based evidences

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are the potential environmental pollutants that possess the ability to induce testicular damage. Astilbin (ASB) is a dihydroflavonol, abundantly reported in multiple plants that has various pharmacological properties. This research elucidated the mitigative potential of ASB against PS-MPs-instigated testicular toxicity. 48 adult male rats (200 ± 10 g) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 12): control, PS-MPs received (0.01 mg/kg), PS-MPs + ASB received (0.01 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg) and ASB supplemented group (20 mg/kg). After 56th day of the trial, animals were sacrificed and testes were harvested for the estimation of biochemical, hormonal, spermatogenic, steroidogenic, apoptotic and histological profiles. PS-MPs intoxication significantly (P < 0.05) lowered glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as catalase (CAT) activities, whereas elevated MDA as well as ROS levels. Besides, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) along with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity were raised. PS-MPs treatment reduced luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level besides decreased epididymal sperm number, viability, motility as well as the count of HOS coil-tailed spermatozoa and increased sperm morphological irregularities. PS-MPs exposure lowered steroidogenic enzymes (17β-HSD, 3β-HSD and StAR protein along with Bcl-2 expression, besides increasing Caspase-3 and Bax expressions and histopathological alterations in testicular tissues. However, ASB treatment significantly reversed PS-MPs mediated damage. In conclusion, ASB administration is protective against PS-MPs-instigated testicular damage owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and androgenic nature.

Induction of reproductive injury by bisphenol A and the protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid in rats

Bisphenol A (BPA) has attracted growing attention as a well-known environmental pollutant due to its high risk of male reproductive toxicity. In this study, transcriptomics profiling combined with metabolomic techniques was applied to explore the intervention effects of BPA-induced male reproductive toxicity. We demonstrated that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and its main metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) significantly increased testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the serum of rats, and improved sperm quality. Furthermore, we identified and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DMs) that functionally enriched in the steroidogenesis-related pathways. Next, the validated results found that C3G and PCA significantly up-regulated the gene expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Cyp19a1, Cyp7a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3, Scrab1, and Ass1 in testicular. In Leydig cells, C3G and PCA dramatically alleviated apoptosis, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle arrest caused by BPA. In addition, molecular docking and simulation results implied that C3G and PCA competitively with BPA bind to the estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) and shared common key amino acids. The main interaction modes between small molecules and estrogen receptors included π-π stacking, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, our study sheds light on C3G and PCA supplementation can protect male reproduction from BPA-induced injury.

Mesenchymal-Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Media Versus Exosomes in the Treatment of Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary: An Attempt to Understand the Underlying Mechanisms (Biochemical and Histological Study).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and reproductive disorders throughout female reproductive age. Cell free therapy [conditioned media (CM) & exosomes (EXO)] is a promising approach in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to compare between the therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived CM and exosomes on induced animal model of polycystic ovary. Polycystic ovary (PCO) was induced in female rats (3-4 weeks old, weighing 70-80 g) by letrozole with a dose of 1 mg/kg/day dissolved in carboxymethylcellulose 1% orally once daily for 5 weeks. Animals were divided into four groups: control group, PCO group, EXO-treated group, and CM-treated group. Serum levels of testosterone hormone, leutinizing hormone, follicle stimulatimg hormone, and insulin hormone were estimated. Immunohistochemistry using anti-P53, anti-AMP-dependent protein kinase antibodies were done. Six rats/group were used for matting with adult male rats for testing fertility. The results showed that CM had significant superior therapeutic effects on exosomes in restoring the normal histological architecture of the ovary and fertility. In summary, cell free treatment is a safe approach for tissue regeneration. Stem cell-derived CM was more effective than exosomes in restoring normal histological structure of the ovaries and fertility in animal models of polycystic ovary.

Gum Acacia attenuates cisplatin toxic effect spermatogenesis dysfunction and infertility in rats

This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits Gum Arabic/Acacia senegal (GA) in mitigating the harmful effects of cisplatin (CP) on spermatogenesis and testicular health in male adult rats. A total of forty albino rats were used in the study and divided into four groups; control, GA, CP, and Co-treated group, which received both CP and GA concurrently. The results revealed that CP caused a significant increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, and GSH), which disturbed the testicular machinery. This caused significant histological and ultrastructural damage to the testicular structure, including atrophied seminiferous tubules with severely reduced germinal epithelium. Additionally, CP caused a decrease in reproductive hormones (testosterone and LH), a decline in nucleic proliferation PCNA immunoexpression, and an increase in cytoplasmic apoptotic Caspase-3 protein expression in testicular tissue, when compared to the control and GA groups. Moreover, the CP treatment impaired spermatogenesis and decreased sperm number and motility with abnormal morphology. However, co-administration of GA with CP mitigated the dysfunction in spermatogenesis and reversed testicular damage caused by CP through significantly (P < 0.01) reducing oxidative stress (MDA) and increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH. Additionally, co-administration of GA elevated the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone in blood sera, significantly (P < 0.01) improved the histometric measurements of seminiferous tubules diameter, their epithelial height, Johnsen's score of spermatogenesis, 4-level histological grading scale Cosentino's score, immunohistochemical expression of nucleic PCNA, and cytoplasmic Caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, TEM examination confirmed the synergistic effect of GA in restoring the germinal epithelial cells ultrastructure, the elongated and transverse sections of spermatozoa in the lumen, and the interstitial tissue. All of these effects resulted in a significant improvement in sperm quality in the Co-treated animals compared with the CP group, as well as, a significant decline in the morphological abnormalities of sperm in Co-treated rats compared to those in the CP group. GA is a valuable agent for ameliorating chemotherapy-related infertility.

Sex Hormones, Antioxidants and Lipid Profile of Aqueous Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) Treated Male Rats

Background: Cucumis sativus (cucumber) is regarded as a healthy fruit because of the beneficial effects of its phytochemical constituents. However, there is a deficit of information about its effect on male reproductive physiology. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of C. sativus (AECS) on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress biomarkers, and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Ten male rats were randomly assigned into two (control and treated) groups (n = 5). In the treated group, a single dose of AECS (500 mg/kg) was administered daily for 6 weeks and thereafter sacrificed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Blood was collected and analyzed for sex hormones, antioxidants, and lipid profile markers. The testicular homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidants. Results: The AECS increased (P &lt; 0.05) serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels (4.43 ± 0.34 and 7.50 ± 1.31, respectively) when compared with the control. Also, testicular catalase and serum level of high-density lipoprotein were increased (27.45 ± 0.19 and 30.08 ± 5.22, respectively) (P &lt; 0.05), whereas serum low-density lipoprotein decreased (72.79 ± 9.56) (P &lt; 0.05) in the extract treated rats. However, serum antioxidant levels were not affected. Conclusions: AECS is beneficial to male reproductive physiology evidenced by improved lipid profile and hormonal indices. Also, the integrity of the testicular redox profile was well maintained.

MP43-04 EFFECTS OF AGE ON TESTICULAR FUNCTION AND THE SPERM RETRIEVAL RATE IN MEN WITH NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP43-04 EFFECTS OF AGE ON TESTICULAR FUNCTION AND THE SPERM RETRIEVAL RATE IN MEN WITH NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA Shoichiro Iwatsuki, Yukihiro Umemoto, Takumi Kito, Tomoki Takeda, Satoshi Nozaki, and Takahiro Yasui Shoichiro IwatsukiShoichiro Iwatsuki More articles by this author , Yukihiro UmemotoYukihiro Umemoto More articles by this author , Takumi KitoTakumi Kito More articles by this author , Tomoki TakedaTomoki Takeda More articles by this author , Satoshi NozakiSatoshi Nozaki More articles by this author , and Takahiro YasuiTakahiro Yasui More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003289.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We previously reported an increase in the age of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) (AUA Annual Meeting 2020). It is important to determine age-induced effects on testicular function in men with NOA. We investigated age-induced changes in testicular endocrine function and the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) during microdissection testicular sperm extraction in men with NOA. METHODS: We investigated 323 men with idiopathic NOA. Patients were categorized into the following age-based groups: 20 s (20–30 years, n=64), 30 s (30–40 years, n=201), and >40 s (>40 years, n=58). We retrospectively recorded testicular volume, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and SRRs. RESULTS: Testicular volumes in groups 20 s, 30 s, and >40 s were 9.5±4.3 vs. 9.1±4.0 vs. 7.9±3.9 mL, p<0.05 (Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). Although we observed no intergroup differences in serum LH and TT levels, FSH levels significantly increased with age (22.4±13.3 vs. 26.9±13.2 vs. 26.8±15.3 mIU/mL, p<0.05) as did serum AMH levels (4.4±4.3 vs. 7.9±6.3 vs. 9.2±7.0 ng/mL, p<0.01). SRRs in the 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s groups were 12.5 vs. 28.4 vs. 36.2%, p<0.05 (Cochran-Armitage trend test). CONCLUSIONS: We observed age-induced testicular atrophy and increased serum FSH and AMH levels, which highlight age-induced testicular function decline in men with NOA and suggest that NOA may be progressive despite favorable SRRs in older men. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e602 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Shoichiro Iwatsuki More articles by this author Yukihiro Umemoto More articles by this author Takumi Kito More articles by this author Tomoki Takeda More articles by this author Satoshi Nozaki More articles by this author Takahiro Yasui More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Evaluating the histomorphological and biochemical changes induced by Tributyltin Chloride on pituitary-testicular axis of adult albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of hesperidin

ABSTRACT This study was performed to explore in detail the toxic effects of Tributyltin Chloride (TBT) on the pituitary-testicular axis and the possible amelioration with Hesperidin. Seventy-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I), TBT-treated group (II), TBT+Hesperidin group (III), and Recovery group (IV). Body and testicular weights were measured. Blood samples were taken to estimate serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured in testes homogenates. Tissue samples from the pituitary glands and testes were processed for light, electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical detection of anti-FSH, and Ki67 proteins. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in testicular weight, serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels and a significant increase in tissue MDA in the TBT group when compared to the control group. TBT treatment caused severe histopathological changes with decreased area percent of PAS-stained basophils, and anti FSH immuno-stained gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland. The testes of group II also showed marked tissue damage, cell loss with decreased epithelial height and decreased number of proliferating spermatogenic cells. Hesperidin supplementation with TBT proved significant amelioration of the previously mentioned parameters in both glands which could improve male fertility. In conclusion: The flavonoid Hesperidin has the potential to protect against the reproductive damage induced by TBT in susceptible individuals.