Testis Of Albino Rats Research Articles

The Effect of Aging on the Mature Albino Rat Testis, A morphometric Study

The Effect of Aging on the Mature Albino Rat Testis, A morphometric Study

A comparative study of the gross structure and distribution of spermatogonia-like cells in the testis of pre-pubertal and mature adult rats

The testis of pre-pubertal and those of mature adult albino rats were physically divided into three segments with a view to studying histologically the gross structure and distribution of spermatogonia-derived cells (spermatogonia,spermatocytes, spermatids and mature spermatozoa) in the seminiferous tubules in these segments. After using 50% Mezo stain (organic), spermatogonia-derived cells were manually counted on slide-view. A mixed population of dense uninucleated single or paired type A-like spermatogonia was clearly identifiable in both upper and lower segments as well as in the middle segment of the testis of pre-pubertal rats. In the mature adult rat testis, a mixed population of spermatocytes, oval spermatids and mature spermatozoa, in addition to a mixed population of dense uninucleated and multinucleated type A-like spermatogoniawere identified in seminiferous tubules of all three segments. However, there were larger numbers of clump-forming spermatogonia-like cells in the middle segment of the testis than in other segments in mature adult rats. A ratio of 2:1:1 for middle, upper and lower segments respectively was manually determined. These results suggest that the middle segment of the mature adult albino rat testis contains a highly enriched population of both single and multinucleated A-type spermatogonia-like cells and may be most suitable site for the harvesting of these cells. Key words: Rat, pre-pubertal, testis, spermatogonia, spermatogenesis, mezo stain.

Oral Administration ofAzadirachta indica(L.) Seed Kernel Active Principle Protects Rat Liver Hepatocytes and Testis Seminiferous Tubules from Phenobarbitol-Induced Damage

The male albino rat testis and liver showed tissue modification upon exposure to phenobarbitol (PB), 24 mg/100 g of body weight, for about 3 weeks and upon staining of their sections with hematoxylin and eosin. In this procedure, the control liver showed normal hepatocytes with centrally placed nuclei, and the PB-treated hepatocyte showed degeneration of cytoplasm and nucleus, necrosis and fragmentation of nucleus, and pushing of nucleus to periphery. The control rat testis showed epithelial layer having broad seminiferous tubules, spermatids, mature spermatozoa, and lumen of seminiferous tubules, and the PB-treated rat testis showed degenerative and necrotic changes in seminiferous tubules and clumping of seminiferous tubules. These changes almost returned to normal conditions in rat liver and testis upon the oral administration of an antioxidant that is present in Azadirachta seed-kernel extract (ASKE, 100 mg/kg body weight). In the case of enzymes, glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase were induced upon PB or ASKE treatment and the combination of both the treatments. The lipid peroxides were reduced in all the three cases in both liver and testis. The histological studies and enzymatic analysis revealed that the potential role of ASKE in the protection of the testis and liver tissues from PB-induced damage.

Effect of 1-ascorbic acid on antioxidant defense system in testes of albino rats exposed to nickel sulfate

We studied the effect of oral supplementation with L-ascorbic acid (50 mg/100 g body weight) on nickel sulfate (2.0 mg/100 g body weight, i.p.) induced lipid peroxidation in the testes of Wister strain male albino rats. Testicular lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were estimated. Nickel sulfate treatment significantly increased the level of testicular lipid peroxide and decreased all antioxidant enzymes activities and GSH concentration. Simultaneously treatment of L-ascorbic acid exhibited a possible protective role on the toxic effect of nickel sulfate on testicular lipid peroxide and GSH concentration as well as antioxidant enzymatic defense system.

Evaluation of the Influence of each of Melatonin and Chromium against Diabetes-Induced Alteration in the Testis of Albino Rats Using Light and Electron Microscopies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global disabling and deadly disease found world- wide. Altered testicular structure and function have been observed in diabetic human and animal models of diabetes with impaired reproductive function. The testicular atrophy and infertility were common in untreated or poorly controlled diabetics. Aim of the work The present study was carried out to compare the protective effect of melatonin and chromium against testicular alterations in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-five adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups (each five): non diabetic and diabetic rats, the first group was subdivided into 3 sub-groups: normal control, melatonin-treated animals and chromium-treated animals. The second group was subdivided into 3 sub-group ( each five): diabetic, diabetic rats treated with chromium, and diabetic rats treated with melatonin. Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate in dose of 60 mg/ kg body weight (BW). The experiment was carried for forty-two days. Computer image analysis was used to measure the thickness of the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules, the perimeter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells. Results: In diabetic rats the seminiferous tubules showed statistically significant decrease in diameter, irregular outline and deformed shape because there was degeneration and disappearance of germ cells from many tubules. There was significant thickening of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules also detected. Ultrastructurally, nuclei of germ cells showed rarefied chromium and separated areas of nuclear envelop. Spermatids showed abnormal condensed nuclear chromatin surrounded by membranes with focal areas of discontinuity together with vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Melatonin and chromium improved the diabetic alteration in the basement membranes, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells but they did not return to the control values. The improvement with melatonin was more than that with chromium. Conclusion: From the present study, it could be concluded that, melatonin and chromium showed a protective effect on histological alterations of the testis of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.

Evaluation of the Influence of each of Melatonin and Chromium against Diabetes-Induced Alteration in the Testis of Albino Rats Using Light and Electron Microscopies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global disabling and deadly disease found world- wide. Altered testicular structure and function have been observed in diabetic human and animal models of diabetes with impaired reproductive function. The testicular atrophy and infertility were common in untreated or poorly controlled diabetics. Aim of the work The present study was carried out to compare the protective effect of melatonin and chromium against testicular alterations in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-five adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into two main groups (each five): non diabetic and diabetic rats, the first group was subdivided into 3 sub-groups: normal control, melatonin-treated animals and chromium-treated animals. The second group was subdivided into 3 sub-group ( each five): diabetic, diabetic rats treated with chromium, and diabetic rats treated with melatonin. Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate in dose of 60 mg/ kg body weight (BW). The experiment was carried for forty-two days. Computer image analysis was used to measure the thickness of the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules, the perimeter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells. Results: In diabetic rats the seminiferous tubules showed statistically significant decrease in diameter, irregular outline and deformed shape because there was degeneration and disappearance of germ cells from many tubules. There was significant thickening of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules also detected. Ultrastructurally, nuclei of germ cells showed rarefied chromium and separated areas of nuclear envelop. Spermatids showed abnormal condensed nuclear chromatin surrounded by membranes with focal areas of discontinuity together with vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Melatonin and chromium improved the diabetic alteration in the basement membranes, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of Leydig cells but they did not return to the control values. The improvement with melatonin was more than that with chromium. Conclusion: From the present study, it could be concluded that, melatonin and chromium showed a protective effect on histological alterations of the testis of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.

Impact of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) with Ethanol Modulates on Lipid and Lipoprotein in Testis of Albino Rats

Impact of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) with Ethanol Modulates on Lipid and Lipoprotein in Testis of Albino Rats

Effect Of Colchicine On The Histology Of Spleen And Testis Of Albino Rats

The aim of this work is to study the effect of colchicine administration on the histology of spleen and testis of albino rat. Colchicine was given in a daily dose of 3mg/kg body weight for five days. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 7 days following treatment. Histopathological studies of the spleen and testis were undertaken. Histological examination of spleen showed that colchicine caused histopathological changes in spleen manifested by massive haemorrhage, highly expanded red pulps accompanied by reduced white pulps with multi small degenerated areas, disturbed architecture, degenerated areas wer occupied by the hemorrhagic areas, prominent haemosiderin deposition, increased number of megakaryocytes in red pulp and subcapsular edema. These histopathological changes depend on the duration of colchicine intake. Histological examination of the testis one, four and seven days post treatment with colchicine showed dilatation and congestion of interstitial blood vessels, moderate degeneration of spermatogoneal cells, debris of spermatozoa could be detected in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. The testis also suffered from interstitial edema with signs of fatty degeneration and degeneration of spermatogoneal cells lining some seminferous tubules. Complete destruction with hypocellularity in the spermatogenic layers in some seminiferous tubules and others contained only the debris of germ cells and disturbed nuclei of spermatogoneal cells with appearance of giant cells with highly reduced number of Leydig cells which contained pyknotic nuclei were also noticed in some examined sections. These results indicate that colchicine is considered as a toxic drug to the spleen and testis at double therapeutic doses as indicated by the histological changes.

The Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Irradiated Testes of Albino Rat.

The increased exposure to radiation in medicine or industries increases the hazards of radiation on various organs of the human body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effect of anti oxidant (vitamin C) against the effect of radiation on rat testes. Thirty adult albino rats were divided into three groups, each contained ten rats .The first group was exposed to 415 r (G.1') or 622 r (G.1) using x-ray source for one minute per day for one week. The second group was exposed to 415 r (G.2') or 622 r (G.2) using x- ray source for one minute per day for one week, in addition to vitamin C equivalent to 86.9 mg./liter orally for the two sub groups for the same period . The third group (G.3) was a control group. The examined testes of G.1 showed damaged germinal epithelium with remaining some layers of spermatogonia. There was no affection of spermatocytes, mature sperms, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, the lumen contained little sperms and debris of germ cells (G.1') .While for (G.1) there was marked damage of the seminiferous tubules with irregular outline, destruction of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with pyknotic type of nuclear degeneration and the lumen was devoid of mature sperms. The examined testes of the showed evidence of almost complete recovery for G .2' and marked recovery for G.2 It is concluded that anti oxidants were essential to patients exposed to x-ray , to guard against its hazards.

The Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Irradiated Testes of Albino Rat.

The increased exposure to radiation in medicine or industries increases the hazards of radiation on various organs of the human body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effect of anti oxidant (vitamin C) against the effect of radiation on rat testes. Thirty adult albino rats were divided into three groups, each contained ten rats .The first group (G.1) was exposed to 415 r (G.1') or 622 r (G.1") using x-ray source for one minute per day for one week. The second group (G.2) was exposed to 415 r (G.2') or 622 r (G.2") using x- ray source for one minute per day for one week, in addition to vitamin C equivalent to 86.9 mg./liter orally for the two sub groups for the same period . The third group (G.3) was a control group. The examined testes of G.1 showed damaged germinal epithelium with remaining some layers of spermatogonia. There was no affection of spermatocytes, mature sperms, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, the lumen contained little sperms and debris of germ cells (G.1') .While for (G.1") there was marked damage of the seminiferous tubules with irregular outline, destruction of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with pyknotic type of nuclear degeneration and the lumen was devoid of mature sperms. The examined testes of the (G.2) showed evidence of almost complete recovery for G .2' and marked recovery for G.2" It is concluded that anti oxidants were essential to patients exposed to x-ray , to guard against its hazards.

Effect of spironolactone on acid and alkaline phosphatase in the testes of albino rat.

The biological activity of the mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone depend upon its metabolism. In this study the effect of diuretic drug compound spironolactone on the acid and alkaline phosphatase in the testes of albino rat. The drug spironolactone was administered orally daily for 7(th), 14(th) and 21(st) days at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Among them, the side effects of drug are that the degradation of alkaline phosphatase in the testes; while acid phosphatase increased significantly may be due to 7a-thiospironolactone is a tissue metabolite of spironolactone and may contribute to the testicular enzymes, therapeutic actions and some other side effects. It is suggested that the decrease and increase of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the testes of albino rat are the due to the side effects of spironolactone drug compound.

Effects of Neem Leaves on Morphology and Biochemistry of Albino Rat Testis

Neem leaf extract treatment (100 mg/kg body weight for 8 days) has resulted in elevation of heapatosomatic index (HIS) and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Histologically, cellular components of the testis such as spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes revealed degenerative changes in the treated rats. Vacuolization of the cytoplasm and nuclear marginalizing were commonly observed.

Effect of thiazide drug compound on the testicular protein and cholesterol contents of albino rat.

In this study the effect of thiazide diuretic compound on the protein and cholesterol contents in the testes of albino rats as the experimental model. The drug thiazide was administered orally daily for 10,20 and 30 days at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Total protein decrease in the testes of rats were evidenced may be due to the side effects of thiazide drug compound which is linked with the hyponatremia and protein metabolism. An elevated level of cholesterol contents observed in thiazide treated rats also revealed that the side effect of drug compound thiazide and also may be due to the stimulation of catecholamine which is stimulated therefore, the biochemical estimation such as protein and cholesterol in the testes after the thiazide treatment determined the effectiveness of diuretic drug compound would provide clinical evidences of their side effects.

Ultrastructural changes induced by leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in the testis of albino rats.

The present work was designed to study the effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) powder on rat testis using the electron microscope. Male albino rats received 100 mg each A. indica leaf powder orally (by gavage). On alternate days, a second group of rats received 0.125 mg testosterone dipropionate intramuscularly. A third group received both A. indica leaf powder by gavage and testosterone dipropionate intramuscularly. Suitable controls were maintained. After autopsy, ultrastructural analysis of the testis revealed that animals treated with testosterone dipropionate showed well-developed Sertoli cells and germ cells with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles. By contrast, in A. indica-treated rats, intracellular spaces and vacuolization were observed in Sertoli cells; whereas in Leydig cells, cytoplasmic inclusions appeared diminished, and the configuration of granular endoplasmic reticulum appeared as a single unbranched tubule. In late spermatids, defects were observed in the mitochondrial sheath. The ultrastructural changes seen in the A. indica-treated group provide a clue that A. indica leaves might affect spermatogenesis through antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic properties.

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHOROTHIONATE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE RATS

Acute and Sub-acute toxic effects of a new pesticide phosphorothionatecoded as RPR-V on testis of albino rat were studied. For the acute study,rats received a single dose of 30 mg/kg of RPR-V and sacrificed after 24 hours.For the Subacute study, 1.42 mg/kg/day was administered orally to rats for10 days and 21 days. Acute exposure of rats to RPR-V brought no change eitherin the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) or in the structure of testis or in the serumlevels of Testosterone. Similarly, no significant change was observed in theGlutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. But, in testis there was significantincreased in the reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Acid Phosphatase (AcP), whereasAlkaline Phosphatase (AkP) levels decreased significantly at 24hr post treatment.On 7thday (withdrawal period) after the cessationof the treatment the GSH, AcP, and AkP levels reached to near control. Thesub-acute study revealed a significant post treatment. Due to RPR-V treatmentthe testis AcP levels increased significantly at 21stdayof medication but AkP levels decreased both at 10thand21stday of post treatment. Histopathological studiesshowed that after 10thday testis showed considerableloss of spermatozoids and at 21stday complete derangementof cellular organization was observed. Testosterone levels decreased significantlyafter 10thday and remained significantly low at21stday. However, withdrawal studies showed a recoveryin testis of rat treated with RPR-V. GST, GSH, GSI, AcP and AkP values wererecovered, testosterone levels were also recovered but recovery in testisstructure remained at a low profile.

Effect of Pyrethroid Inhalation on the Testis of Albino Rat

Effect of Pyrethroid Inhalation on the Testis of Albino Rat

Histological and Quantitative Study of the Effect of Eruca Sativa Seed Oil on The Testis of Albino Rat

Eruca Sativa (E.S) or Gargir seed oil is widely used in folk medicine. This study was conducted to investigate its possible effect on male rat fertility. Histological changes of the testis, level of testosterone hormone and sperm count were determined. The results revealed that administration of low dose of E.S. seed oil caused dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, proliferation of spermatogenic cells and increase of its mitotic activity. Increased number of sperms and epididymis weight, elevated level of testosterone hormone and hyperplasia of interstitial Leydig cells have also been noticed. DNA analysis revealed an increase of the percentage of haploid and decrease of diploid and tetraploid cells. Administration of E.S. seed oil at higher dose showed. decreased diameter of the seminiferous tubules, reduced spermatogenic activity and number of sperms . Also testosterone hormone level decreased and the interstitial cells appeared few. DNA analysis showed a reduction of the percentage of the haploid and increase of the percentage of diploid and tetraploid cells.

Histological and Quantitative Study of the Effect of Eruca Sativa Seed Oil on The Testis of Albino Rat

Eruca Sativa (E.S) or Gargir seed oil is widely used in folk medicine. This study was conducted to investigate its possible effect on male rat fertility. Histological changes of the testis, level of testosterone hormone and sperm count were determined. The results revealed that administration of low dose of E.S. seed oil caused dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, proliferation of spermatogenic cells and increase of its mitotic activity. Increased number of sperms and epididymis weight, elevated level of testosterone hormone and hyperplasia of interstitial Leydig cells have also been noticed. DNA analysis revealed an increase of the percentage of haploid and decrease of diploid and tetraploid cells. Administration of E.S. seed oil at higher dose showed. decreased diameter of the seminiferous tubules, reduced spermatogenic activity and number of sperms . Also testosterone hormone level decreased and the interstitial cells appeared few. DNA analysis showed a reduction of the percentage of the haploid and increase of the percentage of diploid and tetraploid cells.

Effects of piperine on testis of albino rats

Piperine was administered to mature male albino rats at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, p.o., respectively, for 30 days. Only a 10 mg dose of piperine treatment caused a significant reduction in the weights of testis and accessory sex organs. Histological studies revealed that piperine at a 5 mg dose caused partial degeneration of germ cell types, whereas at a 10 mg dose, it caused severe damage to the seminiferous tubule, decrease in seminiferous tubular and Leydig cell nuclear diameter and desquamation of spermatocytes and spermatids. Correlated to the structural changes, a fall in caput and cauda epididymal sperm concentrations was also evident. A 10 mg dose of piperine also caused a marked increase in serum gonadotropins and a decrease in intratesticular testosterone concentration, despite normal serum testosterone titres.

Suramin-induced ultrastructural changes in the testis of albino rats

The effect of chronic suramin administration on rat testis was evaluated. The animals were given the drug twice a week for two months, following a treatment schedule comparable to that used in cancer therapy. Light microscopic sections revealed vacuolizations near the basal lamina, germ cells very little differentiated, together with immature cells located in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Ultrastructural changes were revealed in the form of a decrease in nuclear density with evaginations of the nuclear envelope and sometimes ruptures of the plasmatic membrane. Changes in the Sertoli cells consisted of cytoplasm vacuolizations, in which some lysosomes, containing degraded material such as myelin-like figures, were present.