Normal Test Research Articles

Prevalence of Ishihara Test Failures in a Large Cohort of Military Conscripts.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a common vision disorder. It is predominantly caused by inherited photopigment abnormalities in the retina. The absolute number of cases with CVD is expected to increase worldwide with the growing population. Data from male military conscripts for the recruitment period of 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Year of recruitment, conscripts' birth year, visual acuity, refractive status (spherical equivalent), and color vision status (normal Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates test yes/no) were available. The dataset comprised data on a total of 355 657 male conscripts who had undergone recruitment between the years 2008 to 2017. The mean number of conscripts per year was 35 566 (MD = 35 440, SD = 1 249), reaching a minimum count of 33 998 conscripts in 2017 and a maximum of 37 594 in 2011. The mean age at recruitment was 19.7 years (MD = 19.0 y, SD = 1.1 y). Among the conscripts, 337 422 (94.9%) successfully passed the Ishihara test, while 18 235 (5.1%) were found to have CVD. The overall prevalence of CVD in our male cohort was 5.1%. This figure is slightly lower than that reported for a European Caucasian population.

Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey

BackgroundUrban arboviruses pose a significant global burden, particularly in tropical regions like Brazil. São Sebastião, a lower-middle-class urban area just 26 km from the Brazilian capital, is an endemic area for dengue. However, asymptomatic cases may obscure the actual extent of the disease. In this study, we measured the seroprevalence of dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya, and compared these findings with surveillance data.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,535 households. ELISA serological tests were performed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya. History of previous exposure to arboviruses, data on age, gender, and education level were collected through a questionnaire. Participants who tested positive for IgM and/or IgG were classified as soropositive. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, associations, mean comparisons, and correlations. Positive serological results were compared with cases captured by local epidemiological surveillance.ResultsThe study included 1,405 individuals, divided into two groups related to pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 phases. Among participants, 0.7% to 28.8% self-reported history of dengue, Zika, or chikungunya. However, the estimated overall seroprevalence was 64.3% (95% CI: 61.8–66.7) for dengue virus, 51.4% (95% CI: 48.8–53.9) for Zika virus, and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.4–6.7) for chikungunya virus. Multiple arboviruses were noted at 4.0% (95% CI: 3.1–5.1). Advancing age and lower education were associated with higher exposure to arboviruses (p < 0.05). The estimated number of urban arboviral infections was 84 times higher than reported cases.ConclusionsThe large gap between seroprevalence estimates and cases captured by epidemiological surveillance suggests a silent circulation of arboviruses, highlighting the need for comprehensive serological surveys in endemic regions. Addressing these discrepancies is crucial for effective resource allocation and implementation of public health interventions.

Development of Interactive E-Books Based on Problem-Based Learning on the Material of the Earth's Surface Layers

Limited sources of interactive electronic-based teaching materials can result in low cognitive learning outcomes for students, especially in science learning. This study aims to describe the development design and test the feasibility and effectiveness of Interactive E-Books based on Problem Based Learning in improving science learning outcomes in grade V students of SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang City. This research and development (RnD) study uses the Borg and Gall model. Data collection techniques are tests and non-tests, tests with (pre-test and post-test), and non-tests in the form of observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using normality tests, t-tests, and N-Gain. The results of the study indicate that the development design of Interactive E-Books based on Problem Based Learning was successfully developed with the Canva and Flipbook applications, its components such as the main page, foreword, advantages of e-books, table of contents, instructions for use, activity instructions, achievement indicators, concept maps, materials based on Problem-Based Learning syntax, interactive learning videos, LKPD, educational games, and developer profiles. The feasibility of the interactive e-book from material and media experts is very feasible, supported by teacher and student assessments, which also show a very feasible category. The novelty of this study lies in the presentation of material that applies the syntax of the Problem-Based Learning model, which includes stimulus variations, grouping, presentation of results, and reflection, as well as the integration of interactive elements such as images, videos, and sounds. There are interactive edugames to facilitate understanding of the concept of the earth's surface layers. The effectiveness of the E-Book is shown by an increase in value of (15.25) supported by the results of the t-test (0.001) and the N-Gain score of (0.50) in the medium category. The research that has been conducted shows that the conclusion of this study shows that the Interactive E-Book based on Problem Based Learning has been successfully developed, is very feasible, and effective in improving the science learning outcomes of grade V students of SD N Ngijo 01 Semarang City on the material of the earth's surface layers.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Nyata Berupa Peta Timbul pada Materi Peta Kelas X terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di SMA 1 Pertiwi Kota Padang

The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the influence of the use of real media in the form of embossed maps in class x map material on the learning outcomes of students at SMA 1 Pertiwi Padang 2) To find out the learning outcomes of students who use embossed map media and those who do not use embossed map media. This study uses a quantitative method with an experimental type of research. The pretest was carried out in two groups to find out the basic abilities of each control and experiment class. The population in this study is all students of class X of SMA 1 Pertiwi Kota Padang which totals 264 students with 2 class samples with purposive sampling techniques. The variables in this study are divided into 2 namely independent variables and bound variables. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data. The collection techniques in this study are test, questionnaire and documentation techniques. The research procedure in this study was carried out in 2 classes, namely the experimental and control classes. The test of this research instrument is a test of validity, reliability, and differentiation. The data analysis tests in this study were the normality test, homogeneity, hypothesis test (T), and N-Gain test. The results of this study show that 1) The use of real media in the form of embossed maps on map material has an effect on student learning outcomes at SMA 1 Pertiwi Padang which is seen through the results of hypothesis testing (T) which is also supported by the improvement of student learning outcomes after using embossed map media in the experimental class and then an N-Gain test with a score of 82.50% for the embossed map media group and 60.00% for the conventional media group (lecture). 2) To find out the learning outcomes of students who use pop-up map media and those who do not use pop-up map media have been fulfilled with the scores of students who use pop-up map media higher than students who do not use pop-up map media as seen from the N-Gain Test. One of the advantages of using Embossed Map Media is the high level of interactivity through the practice of making embossed maps. Pop-up Map Media provides a non-boring learning experience for students.

Pengaruh Daya Saing terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Para Penenun Tenun Ikat di Kabupaten Sikka

The Ikat weavers in the sikka district experience low work productivity so that the weavers are not able to compete with the ikat weavers in other regions. other regions. This study aims to determine the influence of competitiveness on the work productivity of the Ikat weavers in Sikka Regency. in Sikka Regency. The population in this study is the Ikat Weavers in Sikka Regency. Ikat Weavers in Sikka Regency, using an incidental sampling sample of 240 people. Method in data collection in this study using competitiveness scale and work productivity scale.work productivity scale. Data analysis methods using normality test, linearity testlinearity test and simple regression test with the help of Spss for windows 16.0.the results of data analysis show that there is an influence of competitiveness on the work productivity of ikat weavers in Sikka Regency. The result is indicated by linearity analysis and simple regression analysis. Butikan with linearity analysis and regressive analysis obtained sig. level (2 tailed) 0.000 &lt;0.05 the fan of the simple regression equation amounted to 7.3% which contributed that other variables to examine in this study wereother variables to examine in this study amounted to 92.7%.

The Impact of Drinking Coffee in a Lying Position That Has an Impact on Increasing Pulse Rate

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of light doping due to drinking hot coffee and cold coffee in a lying position using an experimental method. With a sample of 16 sports students, namely 11 men and 5 women. The first step is to take a lying position and drink hot/cold coffee, then measure the pulse rate for 60 seconds, after that rest for 5 minutes, continue to drink hot/cold coffee, measure the pulse again for 30 seconds, rest again for 5 minutes, then drink hot/cold coffee followed by measuring the pulse again for 15 seconds. Then the normality test and the T test were carried out. The results of this study showed that there was a difference in pulse rate between hot coffee and cold coffee in the increase in pulse rate and it can be known that hot coffee increases the pulse rate the fastest compared to cold coffee.

The Influence Of Organizational Culture And Motivation On The Work Ethics Of Civil Servants At The Regional Inspectorate Of Kubu Raya Regency

This study aims to identify the influence of Organizational Culture and Motivation on the work ethics of civil servants at the Regional Inspectorate of Kubu Raya Regency. The research employs an associative approach, with a saturated sampling technique. The sample consists of 39 employees working at the Regional Inspectorate of Kubu Raya Regency. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25 software. The tests performed in this study include validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, linearity testing, and multicollinearity testing. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Simultaneous Test (F Test) and Partial Test (T Test). Based on the results of the hypothesis tests, both simultaneously (F test) and partially (T test), it can be concluded that both Organizational Culture and Motivation have a positive and significant influence on work ethics. Moreover, both Organizational Culture and Motivation independently have a positive and significant effect on work ethics.

Pengaruh Gerak dan Lagu terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di PAUD Mutiara Medan

This research aims to determine The Influence of Songs and Movement on Children Self-Confidence Aged 5 - 6 Years at Mutiara Kindergarten Medan. The type of this research is experimental research with pre-experimental one group pretest and posttest design. Subjects of this research were 11 children in class B. Technique sampling used was total sampling. Data collection techniques used were observation and documentation. The data from this research were analyzed by using SPSS 25 statistics with the formula mean, median, mode, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired-children’ssample t-test. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that children's confidence in the pretest obtained an average score of 7.45 with a percentage of 37%, while in the posttest it increased with an average score of 13.09 with a percentage of 65%. Based on the hypothesis test, the results of the paired sample t-test analysis show the results of t count &lt; t table (18,204 &lt; 2,262) and a significant value is 0.02 &lt; 0.05, which means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of songs and movement on children self-confidence aged 5 - 6 years at Mutiara Kindergarten Medan.

Outcomes of Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate with Extracellular Matrix in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans.

Humeral capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions can be challenging to treat. Past studies have demonstrated grafting with extracellular matrix with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (ECM-BMAC) to be a viable technique for treatment of talar dome OCD, though little literature exists regarding application of this technique to the capitellum. This study aimed to report patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and return to sport (RTS) of pediatric patients at ≥1-year postoperatively who underwent ECM-BMAC grafting for capitellar OCD lesions. A consecutive, single surgeon series of patients aged <18 years with unstable, contained humeral capitellum OCD who underwent ECM-BMAC grafting and had ≥1-year of clinical follow-up were included. Elbow range of motion (ROM), RTS time, postoperative sport level, and complications were recorded at follow-up visits. PROs, including Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pedi-FABS, QuickDASH, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Mobility, PROMIS Pain Interference, and PROMIS Upper Extremity, were obtained at baseline and ≥1-year postoperatively. Both PROs and ROM were compared pre- and postoperatively using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests based on normality testing with Shapiro-Wilk tests. Twenty patients were included (mean age 12.8 ± 1.4 years) with an average 22.2 ± 13.0 months follow-up. Fifteen (75%) patients were female. The most common primary sports were gymnastics, baseball/softball, and racquet sports. Flexion improved significantly at ≥1-year postoperative, while extension remained close to full pre- and postoperatively. PROs improved from pre- to postoperative for all assessed instruments except for the HSS Pedi-FABS. Eighteen patients returned to their primary sport at the same competitive level or higher at a mean 5.8 ± 1.2 months. The two patients who did not return to their primary sport changed sports due to preferences unrelated to their elbow. There were no complications (e.g. infection, stiffness, revision surgery). This study demonstrated that ECM-BMAC grafting is a viable treatment strategy for pediatric patients with unstable, contained capitellar OCD lesions. We observed favorable PROs with a ∼90% RTS rate ≥1-year postoperatively, supporting the results of this technique that has demonstrated success in other anatomic regions and adult populations. These findings suggest ECM-BMAC grafting to be a viable treatment option for contained capitellar OCD lesions. Although these early results are promising, longer-term research studies are paramount in determining the outcomes of patients with capitellum OCD lesions treated with ECM-BMAC grafting.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA, PERTUMBUBUHAN AKTIVA TERDAHAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN PT. AFP DWILESTARI TAHUN 2019-2023

The capacity of a business to gauge its management is called profitability, and it is determined by the amount of money that the business makes from its investments and sales. Increase in Asset Value and Working Capital Turnover for Maximum Profitability. This thing happened at PT AFP DWILESTARI where profits went up and down at different times. Indications of working capital turnover include quantitative working capital and debt to asset ratios, and indications of assets to profitability include return on assets and This study employs a descriptive verification method to examine one Batam-based company, PT AFP DWILESTARI, using data from their quarterly financial reports over the past five years. The results are available in a variety of formats, including multiple linear regression analysis, a report on auto-tests, a partial Pearson occurrence coefficient, a determination coefficient, and tests for normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and auto-tests.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Kancing Gemirincing terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Termokimia

The Jingling Button Type Cooperative Learning Model is a learning model whose main objective is to achieve equal learning opportunities for each student so that students become more active in the learning process. This research aims to determine the effect of the rattling button type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in thermochemical material at SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang. The research population was all students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang. Sampling used a cluster random sampling technique, so that the research samples were obtained, namely class XI MIPA 2 students and class XI MIPA 3 students. Student learning outcomes were obtained from posttest scores and daily tests. The data analysis techniques used are normality test, homogeneity test and t test. The results of the analysis of the data obtained show that the average learning outcome score for experimental class students is 82.65, which is higher than the average learning outcome score for control class students, which is 72.62. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the application of the rattling button type cooperative learning model has a better influence on student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang on Thermochemistry material.

P0214 Notch Pathway-Mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Fibrosis in Complicated Crohn’s Disease

Abstract Background The dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to numerous pathologies, including fibrotic diseases. The Notch pathway may selectively mediate fibrogenic processes, such as EMT. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated elevated expression of NOTCH3, NOTCH4 receptors, and the DLL4 ligand in the intestines of patients with complicated Crohn’s disease (CD)1. This study aims to explore the potential of the Notch pathway as a therapeutic target in intestinal fibrosis associated with CD. Methods We analyzed ileal samples from Crohn’s disease patients with complicated lesions to assess the localization of NOTCH3/4 receptors using immunohistochemistry (IHQ) and performed RT-qPCR and Western blot (WB) analysis. In vitro studies were conducted using DLL4-coated plates (1 µg/ml), with or without the γ-Secretase Inhibitor DAPT (10 μL/ml), to evaluate protein and mRNA expression of HES1 and EMT markers (VIMENTIN, SNAIL, and E-CADHERIN) in two primary epithelial cell lines: small intestine (HIEC6) and colon (CoEpi) cells over 48 hours. Data, presented as fold induction (mean ± SEM) relative to water-treated cells or control tissues, were analyzed using parametric or non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) based on normality testing (*P &amp;lt; 0.05). Results RT-qPCR analysis revealed significantly increased mRNA levels of the Notch receptors NOTCH3 and NOTCH4. WB analysis showed elevated levels of NOTCH3 (235±87*), but not NOTCH4 (87±13), protein in affected versus control tissues (100±8 and 100±7, respectively). In terms of cellular localization, NOTCH3 was detected in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, lamina propria cells, and with lower intensity in the epithelium. NOTCH4 was primarily found in cells of the lamina propria. In vitro assays indicated that DLL4 significantly altered mRNA and protein expression of HES1 and certain EMT markers (VIMENTIN and SNAIL) in both epithelial cell lines. Co-treatment with DAPT significantly reversed some EMT markers induced by DLL4 (VIMENTIN and SNAIL) (Figure 1). Conclusion NOTCH3 may play a role in the fibrogenic processes of CD, with elevated expression observed. The activation of EMT markers by DLL4 suggests that Notch signaling has a critical function in driving fibrosis and tissue remodeling in CD. References M Rodriguez-Antequera, J Cosin-Roger, D Macias-Ceja, P Salvador, L Gisbert-Ferrándiz, S Coll, J Manyé, R Alós, F Navarro-Vicente, S Calatayud, M D Barrachina, D Ortiz-Masia, P041 Differences in NOTCH signalling between stricturing and penetrating behaviour in Crohn’s disease, Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, Volume 13, Issue Supplement_1, March 2019, Page S107, https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy222.165

P1354 Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis remission from the perspective of gut microbiota: when is non-invasiveness useful?

Abstract Background The growing global prevalence of UC (UC) necessitates continued advances in diagnostics and treatment. Numerous studies show that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota constitute an important factor influencing both the development of ulcerative colitis and the prognosis of the disease, drug metabolism and effectiveness of treatment. Gut microbiota can be considered as a promising dynamic biomarker for non-invasive assessment of the severity of UC and the effectiveness of treatment. Methods The study included 21 patients (age from 20 to 41 years, 13 men and 8 women) in the relapse phase of UC - left-sided UC with mild to moderate activity (Truelov-Witts scale, Mayo index); and 20 patients (age from 26 to 52 years, 10 men and 10 women) in the phase of clinical endoscopic remission. The gut microbiota was assessed by NGS sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene structure using the IlluminaMiSeq platform. After the normality test, we performed statistical analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, the analysis is presented by median and quartiles. Results Statistically significant differences between the relapse and remission groups were identified for 15 genera of microorganisms. In the relapse group, higher levels of Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Pelomonas, TM7x, Actinomyces, Gemella, Corynebacterium, Bradyrhizobium, and lower levels of NK4A214_group, Pseudoscardovia, Family_XIII_UCG-001, Anaerofilum, Candidatus_Soleaferrea, DNF00809 were found (tab. 1). Data obtained demonstrates taxonomic differences at the genus level in patients in the relapse phase and in clinical and endoscopic remission of UC (fig. 1). Conclusion Data obtained demonstrates taxonomic differences at the genus level in patients in the relapse phase and in clinical and endoscopic remission of UC. The identified structural changes in the gut microbiota allow for implementation as a non-invasive method for monitoring the course of progression the disease.

P0164 Lauric Acid in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Balancing Fibrosis Modulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition Activation

Abstract Background Metabolomics has recently emerged as a valuable tool for understanding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), revealing distinct metabolic profiles for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, has an unclear role in IBD, particularly within a fibrotic context. LA interacts with G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), which is notably elevated in UC1. Methods We evaluated the effects of LA (0, 50, 100, and 250 µM) on human intestinal fibroblasts (HSIF) and colonic epithelial cells (CoEpi) under basal and pro-fibrotic (TGFβ1 10 ng/ml) conditions. Fibrotic markers were analyzed using PCR (HSIF: COLA1A, COL3A1, COL4A1, ACTA2, FN1, TGFβ, GPR84; CoEpi: SNAI1/2, CDH1, COLA1A, FNCD4, VIM, GPR84) and Western blot (HSIF: GPR84). Data, expressed as fold induction (mean ± SEM) relative to 0 µM LA, were analyzed using either parametric or non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) based on normality testing (*P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. 0 nM LA, **P &amp;lt; 0.01 vs. 0 µM LA, #P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. 0 µM LA + TGFβ1, ##P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. 0 µM LA + TGFβ1). Results Under basal conditions, LA significantly reduced mRNA expression of collagen molecules [COL1A1 (250 µM: 0.2 ± 0.07**) and COL3A1 (50 µM: 0.4 ± 0.1**)] and αSMA [ACTA2 (100 µM: 0.1 ± 0.1**)] in HSIF cells. In pro-fibrotic conditions, LA maintained or enhanced its protective effect, often at lower doses [COL1A1 (50 µM: 1.1 ± 0.15##), COL3A1 (50 µM: 0.24 ± 0.1#), COL4A1 (250 µM: 0.6 ± 0.1#), ACTA2 (100 µM: 0.7 ± 0.4#)]. LA also increased GPR84 mRNA and protein expression under basal (250 µM: 1167 ± 646*) and pro-fibrotic (250 µM: 1048 ± 505##) conditions, with no changes in fibronectin or TGF expression in HSIF cells. In CoEpi cells, LA promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) under both conditions, shown by changes in mRNA for VIMENTIN (250 µM: 3.9 ± 0.6*; 250 µM + TGFβ1: 6.4 ± 1.5#), SNAI2 (250 µM: 3.4 ± 0.5*; 250 µM + TGFβ1: 3.9 ± 0.5##), E-CADHERIN (250 µM: 0.5 ± 0.08*; 250 µM + TGFβ1: 0.3 ± 0.07#), and FIBRONECTIN (250 µM: 2.6 ± 0.5*; 250 µM + TGFβ1: 4.4 ± 0.8##). GPR84 mRNA was significantly elevated by LA in basal (250 µM: 6.9 ± 1.5**) and pro-fibrotic (250 µM: 5.1 ± 1.0##) conditions. No changes were observed for COLA1A or SNAI1 expression in CoEpi cells. Conclusion LA exhibits a dual role in colonic epithelial and fibroblast cells, showing context-dependent effects that can offer therapeutic benefits or pose challenges. Its interaction with GPR84 underscores a complex regulatory function that requires further study. References Bauset C, Carda-Diéguez M, Cejudo-Garcés A, Buetas E, Seco-Cervera M, Macias-Ceja DC, Navarro-Vicente F, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Mira Á, Ortiz-Masiá D, Barrachina MD, Cosín-Roger J. A disturbed metabolite-GPCR axis is associated with microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients: Potential role of GPR109A in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Dec;1870(8):167489. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167489. Epub 2024 Sep 2. PMID: 39233260.

Effects of Wii Fit-based Exercises versus proprioceptive training on balance and fall risk in patients with diabetic neuropathy

Objective: To determine the effects of Wii Fit-based exercises and proprioceptive training on balance and fall risk in diabetic neuropathy patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Riphah Rehabilitation Centre, Lahore, between March 2022 to August 2022 (duration six months). Thirty-four participants were included, twenty males and fourteen females. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups. Group-A received Wii Fit-based exercises thrice a week for six weeks and Group-B received Proprioceptive training thrice a week for six weeks. Pre and post-measurements of balance and risk fall were assessed through Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Fall Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Results: Thirty-four participants (20 males and 14 females) were allocated in each group, with a mean age of 62±9.21. The normality test (Shaphiro-Wilk Test, p&gt;0.05) of BBS, MFES, and TUG summarized that data was normally distributed. Six weeks of treatment sessions have shown no significant difference between both groups (p&gt;0.05). However, the within-group comparisons showed significant results that indicate the clinical effects of both treatments (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no difference between Wii Fit exercises and proprioceptive training on balance and risk of falls in diabetic neuropathic patients. Trial Registration Number: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05282602 on date 16/03/2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.8775 How to cite this: Shakil ur Rehman S, Hassan D, Ikram M, Ikram M. Effects of Wii Fit-based Exercises versus proprioceptive training on balance and fall risk in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(2):393-398. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.8775 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

P0893 Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 (ANGPTL8) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Response to Anti-TNFα Therapy; A Prospective Multi Center Study

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in the disease process. Anti-TNF therapies have significantly improved CD treatment by reducing inflammation. Emerging evidence show that Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a novel protein and may also be involved in regulating inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the changes in ANGPTL8 level in patients with IBD compared to healthy individuals and evaluates the impact of Anti-TNF therapies on this protein. Methods This is a prospective multi-center observational study. Patients were recruited from January 2022 to June 2024. Patients were divided into 3 groups; patients with CD in clinical remission receiving infliximab for at least 24 weeks (IFX-experienced group), healthy controls (control group), and patients with CD scheduled to start infliximab (IFX-naïve group). ANGPTL8 levels were measured 24 hours before next maintenance infliximab dose in IFX-experienced group, randomly in control group, and at week 0 and week 24 in IFX-naïve group. ANGPTL8 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). A normality test was conducted for continuous variables, accordingly variables with normal distribution a parametric t-test was applied, otherwise Mann–Whitney U test was applied to compare between treated and untreated groups for skewed variables. Results A total of 166 patients were included in this study. The number of patients with CD and IFX-experienced and IFX-naive were 82 and 13, respectively. Seventy-one were healthy controls. Mean age ranged from 27 to 33 years of age across the three groups (table 1). Eighty-four (51%) were females. ANGPTL8 levels were significantly higher in patients with CD (138.26 ± 8.47 pmol) compared to the healthy control group (102.52 ± 5.99 pmol, p = 0.001). Among the 13 IFX-naive patients receiving anti-TNFα treatment, ANGPTL8 levels decreased significantly from 145.06 ± 17.93 pmol pre-treatment (week 0) to 81.78 ± 10.61 pmol post-treatment (week 24), p = 0.007. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ANGPTL8 is elevated in CD and may be involved in the inflammatory processes. The marked reduction in ANGPTL8 levels following anti-TNFα treatment indicates its potential as a biomarker for treatment response. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms through which ANGPTL8 influences CD progression and its utility in clinical practice.

Pengaruh Religiusitas, Pengetahuan dan Budaya Terhadap Minat Menabung pada Perbankan Syariah

This study aims to examine the influence of religiosity, knowledge, and culture on saving interest in Islamic banking among students in Surakarta in 2024. The research uses a quantitative approach with a causal model, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The sample was selected using convenience sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale. The findings indicate that religiosity and knowledge significantly influence saving interest, while culture has no significant effect. This study also faces limitations in normality testing, which can be addressed using the Monte Carlo method. This research contributes to understanding the factors affecting saving interest in Islamic banking.

Application of the Cooperative Learning Model Using the Type of Group Investigating on Student Learning Outcomes

Educational problems always arise, such as an imbalance between society's demands which change easily compared to the capabilities of educational services. This research aims to test and analyze the relationship between the application of the cooperative learning model and the group investigating type on student learning outcomes. Data collection in this research was carried out by conducting a pre-test and post-test on two treatments, namely the control class and the experimental class, each with 30 students. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS program, including homogeneity, normality, n-gene tests and hypothesis testing. The research results showed that the posttest scores between the control class and the experimental class showed different scores. The learning outcomes of students in the Pancasila and Citizenship education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu improved further after implementing the group investigating learning model. The conclusion of this research shows that the cooperative learning model using group investigating has a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes.

Gait Training with Virtual Reality-Based Real-Time Feedback for Chronic Post-Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study.

Virtual reality-based training has been widely used for post-stroke patients due to its positive effects on functional aspects by promoting brain plasticity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gait training with virtual reality-based real-time feedback on motor function, balance, and spatiotemporal gait parameters in post-stroke patients. Fifteen patients (n = 15) with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality-based real-time feedback with treadmill gait training (experimental group n = 8) or the treadmill gait training (control group n = 7). For the experimental group that participated, a treadmill, an Oculus Rift VR device, and smart insoles were used for gait training with VR-based real-time feedback. Regarding gait training with VR-based real-time feedback, the patient wore an Oculus Rift and performed gait training on a treadmill for 30 min a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks. The control group participated in treadmill gait training for 30 min a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks. Motor function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Balance was measured using the timed up and go test and Berg balance scale. Gait performance was measured using an Optogait. The normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the within-group comparison, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for the between-group comparison. In the group analyses, both groups showed significant improvements in motor function balance and gait ability. According to the pre- and post-treatment results, greater improvement in the Fugl-Meyer assessment (experimental group: 4.75 vs. control group: 1.57) was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In balance ability, greater improvement in the timed up and go test (experimental group: -3.10 vs. control group: -1.12) and Berg balance scale (experimental group: 3.00 vs. control group: 1.71) (p < 0.05). In the spatiotemporal gait parameters, greater improvement in affected step length (5.35 vs. 2.01), stride length (3.86 vs. 1.75), affected single support (2.61 vs. 1.22), and cadence (0.07 vs. 0.02) was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This study suggested the positive effects of the virtual reality-based real-time feedback with treadmill gait training on motor function, balance, and gait performance.

The Influence Of Job Involvement And Perceived Organizational Support On Job Satisfaction Of Civil Servant At The Department Of Transportation, Kubu Raya Regency

This study aims to determine the effect between job involvement, perceived organizational support on job satisfaction. With 45 respondents, using a quantitative approach. The analysis used to examine the data includes instrument test, validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, simultaneous F test, and partial t test. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the correlation coefficient (R) obtained is 0.626 which indicates that between job involvement, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction have a strong relationship. Simultaneous F test shows that job involvement and perceived organizational support simultaneously have a significant influence on job satisfaction.Partial t test shows that the perceived organizational support variable partially affects job satisfaction.