Test Method For Evaluation Research Articles

Development of Torque Vectoring Control Algorithm for Front Wheel Driven Dual Motor System and Evaluation of Vehicle Dynamics Performance

This study developed a control algorithm of torque vectoring system to improve the handling performance of a green-car and evaluate the performance of vehicle dynamics to improve the controllability and stability. Firstly, this study configured the control algorithm with the supervisory controller that decides the control mode by checking the current driving status of a vehicle, target yawrate calculator that reflects the steady-state and transient-state response characteristics according to the control mode, as well as the reference yawrate calculation, desired yaw moment calculation and transferred torque calculation. The control mode consists of the agile mode that controls the torque vectoring to improve the controllability and the safe mode that controls the torque vectoring to improve stability. Secondly, this study performed the modeling of the dual motor type torque vectoring system and an EV AWD vehicle. Lastly, this study defined the driving test scenario and evaluation method as well as the quantitative performance index for each vehicle test and established the co-simulation environment for the handling test evaluation. This study found that when a vehicle is controlled by applying the torque vectoring system, handling performance was improved according to controllability and safe mode by verifying the simulation.

Developing Eastern Culture-Based Arts Education To Improve Students National Identity

This study aims to determine the feasibility of developing art education teaching materials from the aspects of content, language, design. The study was conducted at STKIP Citra Bakti Ngada-Flores-NTT. The subjects of this study were STKIP Citra Bakti students who took art education courses, while the object of the research was arts teaching materials based on eastern culture. This research was developed using the ASSURE model, with the consideration that this development model is oriented towards learning. The development is carried out with 6 steps: (1) analyzing learning needs with the observation method; (2) formulate objectives with the ABCD method; (3) design teaching materials with methods of making teaching materials, expert testing with TESSMER methods and refinement with TESSMER methods; (4) apply teaching materials (product) using the ASSURE method; (5) group testing using the ASSURE method; (6) evaluate test methods and revise test result methods. The data collected in this study were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed teaching material. The results showed that the teaching materials developed were reviewed in terms of the content, language, design, and feasibility of the teaching materials as ”Good” quality with an overall average rating of 75.88%. Thus, it can be concluded that the Eastern culture-based art education teaching materials developed are feasible and effectively used as media for art education learning.
 Keywords: Teaching materials, Art Education, Eastern Indonesian Culture

The Simultaneous Determination of Six Components in Zadi-5 Powder by One Test and Multiple Evaluation Methods

Establish a one-test multi-evaluation method for simultaneous determination of piperine, Costunolide, Dehydrocostus Lactone, dehydrodiisoeugenol, Alantolactone and Isoalantolactone. Method: The drug was extracted with 70% ethanol, using Diamonsil C18 column (4.6mm × 250mm, 5μm), using acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid as mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate 1.0mL / min; column temperature 30 °C, detection Wavelength 220nm, 343nm. Using Alantolactone as the internal standard, the relative correction factors of the other five components were calculated to determine their content. Results: The six components have a good linear relationship (r> 0.9990) in their respective ranges, and the method precision and accuracy are good. The result of one test and multiple evaluation method for the content of each component in the three batches of samples is close to the standard curve method (RE≤2.23%). Conclusion: This method is accurate, reliable, simple and fast, and can be used for the quality control of Zadi-5 powder.

100 hue testの制限時間を短縮した評価法を用いて示された大学生の芸術系サークル経験による色識別力の向上

100 hue testの制限時間を短縮した評価法を用いて示された大学生の芸術系サークル経験による色識別力の向上

ANN based on forgetting factor for online model updating in substructure pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation

Substructure pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation (SPDHS) combining the advantages of physical experiments and numerical simulation has become an important testing method for evaluating the dynamic responses of structures. Various parameter identification methods have been proposed for online model updating. However, if there is large model gap between the assumed numerical models and the real models, the parameter identification methods will cause large prediction errors. This study presents an ANN (artificial neural network) method based on forgetting factor. During the SPDHS of model updating, a dynamic sample window is formed in each loading step with forgetting factor to keep balance between the new samples and historical ones. The effectiveness and anti-noise ability of this method are evaluated by numerical analysis of a six-story frame structure with BRBs (Buckling Restrained Brace). One BRB is simulated in OpenFresco as the experimental substructure, while the rest is modeled in MATLAB. The results show that ANN is able to present more hysteresis behaviors that do not exist in the initial assumed numerical models. It is demonstrated that the proposed method has good adaptability and prediction accuracy of restoring force even under different loading histories.

A comparison and correlation between bitumen adhesion evaluation test methods, boiling and contact angle tests

Road pavement is principally made of mineral aggregates and a bitumen binder. Aggregates, due to their mineralogical nature, have complex chemical compositions and physical properties, which are strongly dependent on the minerals that constitute the stones. In pavement technology, bitumen/aggregate affinity is of paramount importance. Moisture damage in hot mix asphalt (HMA) is one of the major concerns in durability of flexible pavements, to improve the adhesion between the bitumen and the stones and increase the life of the road pavements often it is necessary using additives as the antistripping agents. Currently, there are several techniques such as the Boiling Test, the Rolling Bottle Test (RBT), etc., which evaluate the adhesion between the bitumen and the stones, however, most of them are based on a subjective evaluation. In the present paper, several types of mineral aggregates are characterized in detail by optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) in order to correlate the Boiling Test and the contact angle method to investigate the level of bitumen/aggregate affinity. For this reason, a single type of modified bitumen and two adhesion promoters were studied.The obtained results show the reliability of the technique used. However, there are still some limitations regarding the use of a contact angle test in assessing bitumen/aggregate affinity.

A New Test Method for Evaluation of Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of Stainless Steel during Laser Welding.

A new test method named “Trapezoidal hot” cracking test was developed to evaluate solidification cracking susceptibility of stainless steel during laser welding. The new test method was used to obtain the solidification cracking directly, and the solidification cracking susceptibility could be evaluated by the solidification cracking rate, defined as the ratio of the solidification cracking length to the weld bead length under certain conditions. The results show that with the increase in the solidification cracking rate, the solidification cracking susceptibility of SUS310 stainless steel was much higher than that of SUS316 and SUS304 stainless steels during laser welding (at a welding speed of 1.0 m/min) because a fully austenite structure appeared in the weld joint of the former steel, while the others were ferrite and austenitic mixed structures during solidification. Besides, with an increase in welding speed from 1.0 to 2.0 m/min during laser welding, the solidification cracking susceptibility of SUS310 stainless steel decreased slightly; however, there was a tendency towards an increase in the solidification cracking susceptibility of SUS304 stainless steel due to the decrease in the amount of ferrite under a higher cooling rate.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flying Qualities Flight Test Evaluation Technique in Approaching and Landing Phase

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flying qualities in approaching and landing phase relates directly to flight safety. In this paper, autonomous control mode and remote piloted control mode were introduced for analysing approaching and landing flying qualities firstly. Then evaluation criteria about landing flying qualities of these two control modes were proposed according to characteristics and design requirements of UAV and manned aircraft flying qualities specifications. For autonomous control mode, control accuracy and transient response were the main contents of evaluation, but for remote piloted control mode, flight test evaluation method was given in order to lower risk and improve safety, which includes modified Cooper-Harper Rating Scale, closed-loop ground simulation, simulated approaching and landing flight test in low altitude and simulated remote piloted control landing flight test. Finally, flight test was carried out to demonstrate the validity of evaluation criteria and method which is useful and meaningful for UAV landing flying qualities evaluation.

Comprehensive Experimental Research on Complex Electromagnetic Environment of Aircraft

The battlefield environment that modern electronic information equipment faces during use is very complicated, which has become one of the main characteristics of the informationized battlefield. This article starts with the composition and characteristics of a complex electromagnetic environment, references relevant standards, introduces the definition and composition of a complex electromagnetic environment, and summarizes its characteristics. On this basis, this article introduces the general methods of complex electromagnetic environment tests, including digital simulation tests, semi-physical simulation tests, and full-physical simulation tests. Among them, in the full physical simulation test, an equivalent method is generally used to achieve it. At the same time, this article introduces test evaluation methods, including element-level evaluation and effectiveness-level evaluation. Combining engineering practice, this paper puts forward the difficulties of constructing a complex electromagnetic environment. It is an inevitable requirement for the development of weapons and equipment to carry out comprehensive experimental research on the complex electromagnetic environment of aircraft, and to be able to assess the combat capability of the product. It is also an objective requirement for the development trend of the information military.

무기체계의 방호성능에 대한 시험평가 발전방향: 기동화된 장비를 중심으로

Purpose: In the process of developing a weapon system, protection performance is a key function in terms of exerting and maintaining continuous capability of equipment. However, there are issues and disagreements in the test evaluation stage in terms of verifying the protection performance. This study aims to analyze and establish methods for objectification and standardization of weapon systems so that they have a higher level of reliability.<BR>Methods: This study analyzes the R&D projects recently promoted and derives the content of the issue. Therefore, problems as well as improvement methods associated with weapon systems are presented based on factors such as performance in test evaluation, threats, performance requirements, and test evaluation methods.<BR>Results: In the future, protection performance test evaluation will actively introduce the concept of expected protection capability (EPC) and promote conversion to the center of operator. In addition, threats must be developed with constant interest in the upper and lower parts. Further, to increase the reliability of test evaluation, a standardized and objective test evaluation plan for protection performance should be applied.<BR>Conclusion: This study asserts that the test evaluation level for the protection performance of weapons systems can be improved and that more reliable weapons systems can be developed.

A shaking table substructure testing method for the structural seismic evaluation considering soil-structure interactions

A novel shaking table substructure testing method that includes interaction forces determined by actuator forces and shaking table dynamic parameters is proposed and validated. The seismic performance of a storage tank that incorporates soil-structure interactions is investigated by the method proposed in this article. The experimental results show that the proposed shaking table substructure testing method is an efficient alternative method of evaluating the seismic performance of a storage tank that incorporates soil-structure interactions. The experimental results show that the influence of the soil-structure interactions increases as the stiffness of the foundation soil decreases, which was demonstrated by the results showing that the displacement and acceleration responses of the storage tank decrease as the stiffness of the foundation soil decreases. Moreover, the influence of the soil-structure interactions increases as the liquid height increases, which was illustrated by the decreased displacement responses of the storage tank with increases in the liquid height. The maximum acceleration response of the storage tank occurred at the liquid surface height.

Applicability of the mixed-mode controlled double cantilever beam test and related evaluation methods

Recently, a novel methodology has been proposed to study non-linear fracture in mixed mode I + III, aimed at directly identifying constitutive laws regarding cohesive zone modeling from experimental data. In the case of adhesive joints, cohesive laws in the mixed mode have been derived by applying this methodology.This study discusses theoretical aspects of the novel methodology and investigates the proposed test setup by numerical simulations. This provides information on the sensitivity and limitations of the methodology, which is based on the J-integral approach.

Ergonomics Intervention in Indoor Spectrum Measurement Activities

Engineers in the communication and multimedia industries in Malaysia exposed to the risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A comprehensive study was conducted to perform ergonomic studies for indoor spectrum measurement activity to improve productivity and occupational safety and health. The study consisted of two phases, where the participative assessments and direct observations were conducted on 17 engineers. In the first phase, the indoor spectrum measurement problem identification was performed by using the portable and handheld spectrum analyser. The questionnaire, body part assessments and archival operation records were investigated. In the second phase, the ergonomics intervention was introduced with a low-cost trolley that removed the work-related musculoskeletal disorders from the engineers. The same test subject, environments, work procedures and evaluation method in phase one were repeated in phase two. The analysis was done by comparing the findings between both phases through statistical analysis, and the significant improvements of ergonomic interventions were identified. The outcome of the study concluded that the analysis and results meet the main objective.

Performance test methods for near‐infrared fluorescence imaging

PurposeNear‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using exogenous contrast has gained much attention as a technique for enhancing visualization of vasculature using untargeted agents, as well as for the detection and localization of cancer with targeted agents. In order to address the emerging need for standardization of NIRF imaging technologies, it is necessary to identify the best practices suitable for objective, quantitative testing of key image quality characteristics. Toward the development of a battery of test methods that are rigorous yet applicable to a wide variety of devices, we have evaluated techniques for phantom design, measurement, and calculation of specific performance metrics.MethodsUsing a NIRF imaging system for indocyanine green imaging, providing excitation at 780 nm and detection above 830 nm, we explored methods to evaluate uniformity, field of view, spectral crosstalk, spatial resolution, depth of field, sensitivity, linearity, and penetration depth. These measurements were performed using fluorophore‐doped multiwell plate and high turbidity planar phantoms, as well as a 3D‐printed multichannel phantom and a USAF 1951 resolution target.Results and ConclusionsBased on a wide range of approaches described in medical and fluorescence imaging literature, we have developed and demonstrated a cohesive battery of test methods for evaluation of fluorescence image quality in wide‐field imagers. We also propose a number of key metrics that can facilitate direct, quantitative comparison of device performance. These methods have the potential to facilitate more uniform evaluation and inter‐comparison of clinical and preclinical imaging systems than is typically achieved, with the long‐term goal of establishing international standards for fluorescence image quality assessment.

Safety of cell therapy products: in-vitro methods to assess the tumorigenicity of human cell-based therapeutic products

Background & Aim Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine. However, there are concerns associated with hES/iPSC-derived products, in particular, the possibility of residual undifferentiated PSCs persisting in the final product which could lead to tumorigenicity. Currently, there is no globally accepted consensus on the evaluation of methods for tumorigenicity in-vivo or in-vitro. This results in a high variability of data presented in regulatory submissions and difficulty in interpretations. To address this challenge, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Cell Therapy-TRAcking, Circulation, & Safety (CT-TRACS) committee, convened international experts in the field, from multiple sectors and geographic areas, to critically review currently available in-vivo and in-vitro testing methods for tumorigenicity evaluation against expectations in international regulatory guidelines. The outcome of this effort was recently published in a position paper (Sato et al. 2019. Cytotherapy, 21: 1095–1111) and highlighted that the establishment of robust methods, internationally harmonized, for tumorigenicity assessment of cell therapy products is critically important not only for product developers but also for regulatory authorities and patients. Methods, Results & Conclusion Here we will present the follow-up activity of the committee: the launch of an international collaborative project to evaluate in-vitro testing methods focusing on the detection of residual undifferentiated PSCs using (1) ddPCR and (2) a highly efficient culture (HEC) assay. The two objectives for the multi-site study, among many, are to develop better, standardized in-vitro models for predicting tumorigenicity and to aid researchers, developers and regulators assess the safety of products with more confidence and contribute to faster/earlier decision-making. The initiative, open to organizations from the public and private sector, was announced and disseminated via a public call for participants. The intent is to generate transparent and reproducible data to inform decision making, support standards development, and ultimately develop methods to increase confidence in the safety assessment of hCTPs. HESI (www.hesiglobal.org) is an independent non-profit institution whose mission is to collaboratively identify and help to resolve global health and environmental challenges through the engagement of scientists from academia, government, industry, NGOs, and other strategic partners.

Geographic Variation and Associated Covariates of Diabetes Prevalence in India

Diabetes is a severe metabolic disorder affecting human health worldwide, with increasing prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Gaps in knowledge regarding factors that lead to diabetes and its association with tuberculosis (TB) endemicity at the national scale still exist, mainly because of the lack of large-scale dual testing and appropriate evaluation methods. To identify locations in India where diabetes prevalence is concentrated, examine the association of diabetes with sociodemographic and behavioral covariates, and uncover where high regional TB endemicity overlaps with diabetes. This cross-sectional study included 803 164 men aged 15 to 54 years and women aged 15 to 49 years who participated in the Demographic Health Survey (2015-2016), carried out by the India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare using a 2-stage clustered sampling, which included a diabetes estimation component. The survey was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016, and data analysis was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019. Self-reported diabetes status. Self-reported diabetes status was used to estimate the association of covariates, including educational level, sex, age, religion, marital status, alcohol use, tobacco use, obesity status, and household socioeconomic level, with diabetes prevalence. Additionally, regional tuberculosis endemicity level, estimated using the India TB report for 2014 from the Revised National TB Program, was included to evaluate the national extent of the spatial overlap of diabetes and TB. Among 803 164 sampled individuals (691 982 [86.2%] women; mean [SD] age, 30.09 [9.97] years), substantial geographic variation in diabetes prevalence in India was found, with a concentrated burden at the southern coastline (cluster 1, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana: prevalence, 3.01% [1864 of 61 948 individuals]; cluster 2, Tamil Nadup and Kerala: prevalence, 4.32% [3429 of 79 435 individuals]; cluster 3, east Orissa: prevalence, 2.81% [330 of 11 758 individuals]; cluster 4, Goa: prevalence, 4.43% [83 of 1883 individuals]). Having obesity and overweight (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% CI, 2.18-2.73; P < .001; OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.52-1.82; P < .001, respectively), smoking tobacco (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.66-5.56; P < .001), and consuming alcohol (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.37-2.95; P < .001) were associated with increased odds of diabetes. Regional TB endemicity and diabetes spatial distributions showed that there is a lack of consistent geographical overlap between these 2 diseases (eg, TB cluster 4: 60 213 TB cases; 186.79 diabetes cases in 20 183.88 individuals; 0.93% diabetes prevalence; TB cluster 8: 47 381 TB cases; 180.53 diabetes cases in 22 449.18 individuals; 0.80% diabetes prevalence; TB cluster 9: 37 620 TB cases, 601.45 diabetes cases in 12 879.36 individuals; 4.67% diabetes prevalence). In this study, identifying spatial clusters of diabetes on the basis of a nationally representative survey suggests that India may face different levels of disease severity, and each region might need to implement control strategies that are more appropriate for its unique epidemiologic context.

An Investigation on Failure Behaviour of a Porous Sandstone Using Single-Stage and Multi-stage True Triaxial Stress Tests

The deformational characteristics of a set of synthetic sandstones when subjected to true triaxial stress conditions were investigated in this study. The experimental results showed that the lateral stress anisotropy (σ2 ≠ σ3) significantly affected the rock’s compressive strength, elastic modulus, inelastic deformation, dilatancy and failure mode. By increasing the intermediate principal stress (σ2) over quasi-isotropic conditions (σ2 = σ3), the measured compressive strength increased more than twice in some cases, and the onset of dilatancy was suppressed to more than 80% of the peak stress. The obtained failure stresses were examined against a Mogi-type true triaxial criterion and indicated a good fit to the empirical model. Furthermore, multistage-true triaxial tests were carried out on the sandstones, and their results were compared against the single-stage test data to examine the suitability of this testing method for evaluation of the σ2 impact on the rock’s mechanical properties. Over the course of each multistage-true triaxial test, a sample was loaded to several levels of intermediate principal stress, while the minimum stress was held constant. Comparing the results of the multistage-true triaxial tests on the synthetic sandstones with the equivalent single-stage true triaxial measurements revealed noticeable differences between the resultant rock strengths and elastic properties. The findings of these tests are discussed and the potential mechanisms responsible for the observed disagreements are explained in this paper.

Development of a test method for adult ice hockey helmet evaluation

Ice hockey helmet standards have primarily been developed to reduce risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). While severe TBI has become a rare event in ice hockey, concussion, a type of mild TBI, remains a common head injury. Concussions, in ice hockey result from a number of head impact events including, collisions, stick impacts, puck impacts, falls into the boards, impacts to the glass, and falls to the ice. Helmet testing methods need to represent the impact events creating concussions in ice hockey. The purpose of this research was to develop a helmet test protocol and performance metric for concussive impacts in ice hockey. A protocol using concussion impact parameters from published literature was created that used monorail and linear impactors to impact a helmeted Hybrid III headform. The linear and rotational acceleration time curves were then used to calculate brain tissue strain using the University College Brain Trauma Model. The proposed test protocols created kinematic responses that were representative of levels associated with concussion in ice hockey. Rotational velocity and rotational acceleration were both identified as useful performance metrics representing levels of risk for concussion.

α-Sens: The improved ARE-Nrf2-based sensitization screening assay using normalized transcriptional activity

Two non-animal test methods, KeratinoSens™ and LuSens, have been approved by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines for evaluating the sensitization potential of chemicals, and been positioned as a method for appraising key event (KE)-2, namely, the keratinocyte response component of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) in sensitization process. However, these two methods require separate cytotoxicity tests to determine the concentrations to be tested in the main test. Therefore, we developed a simple and highly accurate KE-2 test method named α-Sens that uses the dual luciferase assay system and attempted a further application of luciferase-based determination of cell viability to calculate the normalized Antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptional activity, named normalized ARE Activity (nAA), to evaluate the sensitizing potential of chemicals. A cell line carrying the ARE-inducible Firefly luciferase reporter gene and Thymidine kinase (TK) promoter-driven Renilla luciferase gene was established and used for the α-Sens. A total of 28 chemicals, consisting of 19 skin sensitizers and nine non-skin sensitizers were tested by this assay system. The α-Sens yielded an accuracy (%), sensitivity (%), and specificity (%) against corresponding values for local lymph node assay of 96.4 %, 95.0 %, and 100 %, respectively, and for human data of 100 % for all. The α-Sens gave clear positive results for phenyl benzoate and eugenol, chemicals for which KeratinoSens™ or LuSens yielded false-negative results, using a new parameter. Our results suggest that better prediction capacity could be achieved by using nAA as a classifier compared to other existing KE-2 test methods. In conclusion, the α-Sens is promising as a simple and highly accurate in vitro skin sensitization test method for evaluation of KE-2.

Toward Comprehensive Industrial Computed Tomography Image Quality Assessment: I. Phantom Design

Abstract When comparing the performance of different industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems, reconstruction algorithms, or scan protocols, it is important to assess how well the required inspection and measurement tasks can be performed. Furthermore, it can be very informative to quantify image quality (IQ) metrics that can provide insight into the IQ characteristics that lead to the resulting inspection or measurement task performance. Inspection and measurement task performance is determined by basic characteristics such as spatial resolution; feature contrast, size, and shape; random noise (noise due to statistical uncertainty in measurements); and image artifacts. In this report, we describe a modular phantom set that enables robustly quantifying these characteristics and also enables assessing the performance of the inspection or measurement tasks themselves. The phantom set includes two phantom bodies and several insert types that can be optionally installed in the bodies. Phantom body extensions can be optionally included to increase scatter. The phantom bodies combined with the available insert types can comprehensively evaluate all important IQ metrics and inspection or measurement tasks. The precisely-known phantom body geometry and insert location, geometry, and orientation supports automatic analysis of large, complex experiments of multiple variables. This phantom set, with the associated image analysis software, could potentially serve as a general evaluation method for non-destructive testing (NDT) CT.