War On Terror Research Articles

The Obsolescence of the Westphalian Model and the Return to A Maximum State of Exception

The international system is based on the modern conception of the Westphalian model, which organizes and monopolizes violence under the exclusive authority of a sovereign state. This conception only began to characterize global politics in the 19th century and more so at the beginning of the 20th century, contrary to the political myth that perceives the year 1648 as the moment where world state leaders monopolized, organized and structured violence. Author characterize the international system prior to the Westphalian model to be a period of maximum state of exception because states de-monopolized violence and authorized the use of nonstate actors to conduct violence which dominated the international system. The international system transitioned from a maximum state of exception to a minimum state of exception when the Westphalian model began characterizing the international system. In a minimum state of exception, the Weberian state entailed a state monopolization on the authority to deploy violence beyond its borders and the states acceptance of responsibility for violence emanating from its territory. Violence in a minimum state of exception shifted from nonstate actors to citizen-soldier actors. It is the objective of this research paper to highlight three consecutive Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA) that occurred in the international system which have modified the actors invovled in war. The latest RMA that occurred at the highpoint of the coldwar, but more so after the declaraction of the Global War on Terror (GWOT), has rendered the Westphalian model obscolescent. The modification of the primary actors in combat has consequently reverted the interntional system to a maximum state of exception where war is now global and an everlasting state in global affairs.

Geopoetics of Terror(ism): Spatiality and Visuality in Two 'Post-9/11' Novels

In this paper, I argue that Jarett Kobek’s ATTA (2011), portraying one of the terrorists of September 11 th , and Nick Flynn’s The Ticking is the Bomb (2010), focusing on the ensuing ‘Waron Terror’, are the first texts responding directly to the global effects of 9/11. Both do so by mapping and ‘producing’ urban and global space through relationality, and by recomplicating and recontemplating the iconic media images of the event. While analysing Flynn’s and Kobek’s novels with the help of spatial and visual theory, this paper is also an attempt to redefine the notion of geopoetics, drawing on de Certeau’s notion of space, Fredric Jameson’s call for a ‘cognitive mapping’, and Michel Serres’s concept of topology.

Performance, Politics, and the War on Terror: “Whatever It Takes.” By Sara Brady. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 224 pp., illustrations. $90.00 cloth

December 01 2014 Performance, Politics, and the War on Terror: “Whatever It Takes.” By Sara Brady. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 224 pp., illustrations. $90.00 cloth Lindsey Mantoan Lindsey Mantoan Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Lindsey Mantoan Online ISSN: 1531-4715 Print ISSN: 1054-2043 ©2014 New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2014 TDR/The Drama Review (2014) 58 (4 (224)): 184–186. https://doi.org/10.1162/DRAM_r_00415 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Lindsey Mantoan; Performance, Politics, and the War on Terror: “Whatever It Takes.” By Sara Brady. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 224 pp., illustrations. $90.00 cloth. TDR/The Drama Review 2014; 58: 4 (224), 184–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/DRAM_r_00415 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsTDR/The Drama Review Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. ©2014 New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2014 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Female Military Veterans: Crime and Psychosocial Problems

The Global War on Terror (GWOT) has changed the face of America's military service person. Traditionally, women have served in all capacities short of a direct combat role. The GWOT has taken a dramatic toll on our military men, women, and families. This descriptive sample examines 91 female veterans in U.S. correctional settings. Female veterans are examined as a unique subgroup of the general corrections population based upon veteran's status, gender, military experiences, and service-related injuries coupled by penal treatment needs, pre-release planning, and services. The findings suggest that solutions to female veteran offenders need to address multiple psychosocial problems and risk factors. Preventative measures, like outreach, promote pro-social behavior, reduce recidivism, increase service utilization, and enhance community reintegration.

America in the world: a history in documents from the War with Spain to the war on terror

America in the world: a history in documents from the War with Spain to the war on terror

Os Estados Unidos e a região do Magreb-Sahel: securitização, militarização e terrorismo

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar o atual processo de securitização das regiões do Magreb e do Sahel à luz da macro-securitização engendrada pela Guerra Global ao Terror (GGT), a qual, após o 11/09, redefiniu a agenda global de segurança. Primeiro, será apresentada uma introdução à teoria da securitização proposta pela Escola de Copenhague. Segundo, será abordado o conceito teórico de macro-securitização, enquadrando-o ao escopo da GGT. Terceiro, será analisado o processo de securitização do Magreb-Sahel, sendo apontadas as suas dinâmicas específicas. Quarto, será apresentada uma análise sobre as contradições imanentes ao atual método empregado no combate ao terrorismo na região. Por fim, será apresentada uma perspectiva histórica que revela as origens do terrorismo na região – na dialética repressão-radicalização –, o que evita tratar o objeto em questão como uma categoria apriorística de análise

Religion, Terror, and America: Pastoral Care in the 21st Century

The United States of America’s War of Terror has so radically affected life in the USA that American culture is experienced by many as a “culture of terrorism.” This description of American life might lead one to conclude that America’s culture of terror is a new experience in America. This article suggests that terrorism laid the foundation for the New Republic and is deeply embedded in the American experience. In order to truly care for the American soul, pastoral theology must address the terror resident within American daily life.

Policy Debate | Humanitarian Protection in the Midst of Civil War: Lessons from Sri Lanka

Editor’s note: This paper is a contribution to the ‘Policy Debate’ section of International Development Policy. In this section, academics, policy-makers and practioners engage in a dialogue on global development challenges. Papers are copy-edited but not peer-reviewed. Instead, the initial thematic contribution is followed by critical comments and reactions from scholars and/or policy-makers. Authored by Norah Niland, the initial paper addresses the protection dimension of humanitarian action in the Sri Lankan Civil War. The end phase of this long-standing war and subsequent internment of survivors illustrate the limited capacity of the international relief system to adequately protect civilians. The author argues that the failure of intergovernmental crisis management and the human rights machinery was exacerbated by the relief system’s lack of agency in safeguarding humanitarian space and the protected status of civilians. According to Norah Niland, relief actors largely ignored the instrumentalisation of humanitarianism and the use of sovereignty and Global War on Terror (GWOT) narratives to rationalise the slaughter of thousands. The lack of accountability for and reflection on the humanitarian operation in Sri Lanka will likely complicate future relief efforts and add to the suffering of civilians in other crisis settings. The paper is followed by critical comments by Sir John Holmes, Former UN Under-Secretary General and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Head of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, and Miriam Bradley, Postdoctoral Researcher, Programme for the Study of International Governance, the Graduate Institute, Geneva.This debate can be pursued on the eJournal’s blog http://devpol.hypotheses.org/69Download the full debate in .pdf

Pathophysiology and management of blast lung injury

The pattern of lung injuries has gradually changed globally in last two decades from penetrating chest injuries to blast lung injury. This has mainly occurred due to trauma setting in the global war on terror and accidental explosions in confined space in military service conditions. Blast Lung Injury (BLI) presents unique triage, diagnostic and management challenges. A high index of suspicion and timely intervention in these cases is the key to improved outcomes.

War, States, and Movements: With Tilly; Beyond Tilly

In his scientific output, Charles Tilly broke new ground in two major areas: the study of war and state-building, and the study of contentious politics and social movements. Many scholars followed and elaborated on each of these strands, but few - including Tilly - attempted to link them to one another. Both in the historical study of war and state-building, and in recent «new wars», social movements - and contentious politics in general - play a vigorous but a poorly-understood role. Building on four historical examples - the French revolutionary wars, the American Civil War, the Italian fascist state, and the development of the national security state in the United States during the «global war on terror» - this article argues that the United States after 9/11 has not become a «Schmittian» state, but one that uses the instruments of «infrastructural power» to control and mobilize civil society. The difference lies in the capacity of civil society's actors to use these instruments to contest - and at times to reverse - the state's power in wartime.

Pakistan's Role in the War on Terror: Costs-Benefits Examination

Pakistan's Role in the War on Terror: Costs-Benefits Examination

Understanding the Structural Dynamics of the Russo-Chechen Conflict: A (Hi) Story of an Intractable Conflict and the prospects for Political Settlement

Understanding the Structural Dynamics of the Russo-Chechen Conflict: A (Hi) Story of an Intractable Conflict and the prospects for Political Settlement Ebenezer Agbeko Abstract This article examines the undercurrent historical causes of the conflict between Russia and Chechnya, and the contemporary developments that have deepened this fractured relationship and put the conflicting parties far apart from dialogue and amicable political settlement. The article analyzes the economic and geo-strategic factors that arguably make Chechnya attractive for Russia, and for which the latter is bent on sacrificing everything including blood and resources to maintain the Chechnya republic in the metropolitan state, the Russian Federation. The article also assesses the tactics and modus operandi of the Chechen rebel movements that has culminated in their being characterized by Russia as lawless, barbaric and terrorists, as well as the overall impact of the Global war on Terror (GWOT) on the nationalist independence movement. Finally, the article explores political solutions and outlines recommendations for addressing the Russo-Chechen conflict to achieve a durable resolution that is acceptable to both parties. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jgpc.v2n2a3

Norman Mailer - the most influental critic of contemporary reality in the second half of the twentieth century

Norman Mailer, one of the most influential authors of the second half of the twentieth century, faithfully followed his principle that a writer should alsobe a critic of contemporary reality. Therefore, most of his works portray the reality of the United States of America and the complexities of the contemporary American scene. Mailer described the spirit of his time - from the terror of war and numerous dynamic social and political processes to the 1969 moon landing. Conflicts were often in the centre of his writing, as was the relationship between an individual and the society; he speaks of politicalpower and the dangerous power of capital, while pointing to the threat of totalitarianism in America. Mailer spent his entire career writing about violence, power, perverted sexuality, the phenomenon of Hitler, terrorism, religion and corruption. He continually pointed out that individuals were in constant danger of losing freedom and dignity.

Performance, Politics, and the War on Terror: “Whatever It Takes.” By Sara Brady. Performance Interventions. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; pp xvii + 224, 25 illustrations. $85 cloth.

Performance, Politics, and the War on Terror: “Whatever It Takes.” By Sara Brady. Performance Interventions. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012; pp xvii + 224, 25 illustrations. $85 cloth.

Framework for peace pathways and conflict transformation for conflict in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

Conflict in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan stayed on the margins of the ‘waron terror’ throughout the period following the events of 11 September 2001. This conflict is embedded inthe narratives of occupation as well as historical grievances, terrorism, developmental discrimination, andidentity crises – all of which have helped perpetuate it. With the shifting of the Al Qaeda leadership fromAfghanistan to the tribal areas after the US-led war on Afghanistan in October 2001, meta-narratives havebeen employed to advance local grievances. This paper develops the framework of peace pathways andconflict transformation which involves an in-depth analysis of conflict and reasons for its intractability,taking into account not only socio-political and economic needs and interests, but also addressing the rootcause (or causes) of the conflict.

With Liberty and Justice for All: Americans as American Targets in the War on Terror

With Liberty and Justice for All: Americans as American Targets in the War on Terror

The discourse trap and the US military: from the war on terror to the surge

The discourse trap and the US military: from the war on terror to the surge

Caring for Military Families Across the Deployment Cycle

Over 2 million service members have been deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation New Dawn since the Global War on Terror (GWOT) began well over a decade ago. 1 Department of Defense Strengthening Our Military Families—Meeting America’s Commitment. Department of Defense, Washington, DC2011 Google Scholar There are over 3.6 million service members within the total force of the Armed Services. Total force service members include all those currently serving on active duty as well as the reserve components, which consist of service members in the National Guard and Army, Navy, Marine, and Air Force Reserves. Approximately 44% of the total force is married with children. Thus the total military force personnel and their immediate family members encompass greater than 5.3 million individuals within the US population. Although the number and length of deployments have been steadily declining, the number of individuals affected since the GWOT began is substantial. 2 Deputy Under Secretary of Defense 2011 Demographic Report. Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC2012 Google Scholar Diane Padden is Associate Professor, Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Janice Agazio is Associate Professor and Director of PhD/DNP Programs, School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC.

No Man's Land: Does the Gender Crimes Framework of the ICC Statute Cover Gender Basedd Targeting through Signature Drone Strikes?

The Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court has been hailed as a major advancement in the field of international law on the aspect of sexual and gender based crimes. For the first time ever, there is an international treaty that explicitly criminalizes sexual and gender based offences as standalone offences. As the experience of international criminal tribunals has developed over the years, the nature and extent of deliberate crimes against women — have increased in scale and intensity. The incorporation of gender based crimes in the finalized Rome Statute is thus an acknowledgement of the disparate nature of suffering that gender-specific discrimination and harm can cause. However while these are indeed sexual offenses, to categorize them as gender based crimes is a misnomer. Except ‘forced pregnancy’ which has an inbuilt biological bias (that it can be carried out only against women and not men), the remaining set of sexual offenses can be committed against both men and women and are therefore gender neutral. This paper using the context of targeted killings/drone strikes in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) proposes to demonstrate how the existing framework of gender and sexual crimes under the Rome Statute is not ‘gender neutral’ and focuses only on specific types of sexual offences, applicable largely to women, and thus deficient to meet the evolving needs of modern warfare. It argues that while the impact of drone strikes on civilian population is highly gender specific (both in terms of targeting and aftermath) — drone strikes fall outside the existing ‘gender based’ crimes framework of the ICC Statute simply because they do not arise out of sexual violence. While drone strikes may likely be prosecuted as war crimes, the war crimes framework under the ICC Statute does not present any specific provision which may be used to criminalize the harm to civilian population resulting from signature drone strikes, which are inherently gender biased. The only other gender based offense in the ICC statute is the crime against humanity of gender-based persecution, which however is inapplicable to the case of drone strikes. This lacuna thus creates “an accountability vacuum” which makes redress difficult. The paper concludes with a possible set of recommendations and suggestions to overcome these limitations.

Boko Haram and the challenges of Nigeria's war on terror

Boko Haram terrorism has been recognized by Nigerian President Jonathan as the most threatening and complex security issue in Nigeria since independence. In response, the Federal Government of Nigeria has committed itself to different counterterrorism measures, which are largely dominated by “hard politics” and military mobilization. Spending heavily on defense to upgrade military hardware and train personnel in a counterterrorism role, Nigeria has also boosted its strategic importance in the “Global War on Terror”. However, this attempt has become unpopular as it has failed to contain Boko Haram within a short time frame and has made insufficient headway against unabated terror, with human rights costs among the host communities and amidst a surge of stakeholders' discordance. As a matter of concern, this article seeks to assess Boko Haram as an opponent in Nigeria's war on terror (WOT) and to ascertain the challenges the country faces, the alternative measures open to it, and possible ways forward.