Territory Of Serbia Research Articles

Analiza finansijskih performansi javnih preduzeća u uslovima neizvesnosti izazvane pandemijom Covid-19

If we take into account that public companies perform activities that are of general interest to citizens, with the main goal of improving the quality of the service provided, then there is a need for continuous analysis of their operations. In the paper, through the analysis of financial reports, i.e. through ratio analysis, the operations of public companies operating in the territory of the city of Loznica, whose founder is the City of Loznica, are reviewed. The goal of the work is a realistic presentation of the financial indicators of observed public companies in the period from 2018 to 2020. A special emphasis is placed on the year 2020, where through the analysis of the values of the obtained ratio indicators, it would be determined whether the crisis caused by the corona virus pandemic possibly affected some of the company's financial parameters. The paper also shows the impact of the pandemic on the operations of other public utility companies on the territory of Serbia.

Bronze age burials within the Morava, Nisava and Timok basins

Following more than seven decades of research on the Bronze Age cremation burial grounds in the territory of Serbia, the new absolute dates provide us with an opportunity to determine a more precise chronological sequence of different local cultural manifestations. Although the pioneers of the Serbian archaeology after WWII defined the main cultural trajectories that led to the establishment of cremation as the main burial rite during the 2nd millennium BC, several misconceptions were established that need to be corrected, considering new data. We regard this paper as our contribution to the better understanding of the cultural and chronological sequence in the Central Balkans during the Bronze Age.

Percepcija potrošača o proizvodima sa oznakom geografskog porekla u Srbiji

Geographical indications, as part of product labeling and packaging, are used extensively worldwide as a powerful tool for product diversification and branding. The main purpose of this study is to shed light on consumers' awareness and knowledge of geographical indications in Serbia. Aiming to bridge this gap, we present the results obtained from a consumer survey on a sample of 806 respondents in the territory of Serbia. Differences in consumers' awareness of geographical indications have been tested according to several socio-demographic criteria. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences in monthly income and level of education regarding consumer awareness of GIs. In addition, the respondents indicated a low level of knowledge about the GIs, qualities, benefits, and method of production of these products, as well as the existence of an adequate control system. As consumers consider themselves insufficiently informed, this finding suggests that it is necessary to undertake actions that will contribute to the consumers' education and information. Based on the obtained results, recommendations useful for marketing managers, decision-makers, agricultural producers as well as future research are given in the paper.

Istraživanje prepreka za uključivanje dece prisilnih migranata u sistem osnovnog obrazovanja u Srbiji

Since 2015, as many as 1.5 million migrants and refugees have passed through Serbia, whereas children account for one quarter of that number. Due to their longer stay in the territory of Serbia, a need has arisen, among other things, to include them in the education system. This research was aimed at determining factors that lead to the creation of obstacles in the inclusion of forced migrant children in primary education in Serbia, as well as during the process of education and, thus, how to overcome those obstacles in practice. Through semi-structured interviews, data were collected about the experience in teaching work with forced migrant children in Primary School "Ljupče Španac" in Bela Palanka. The participants of the research were the teachers of this school who during the academic 2018/19 year for the first time gained experience in working with forced migrant children. The research results show that greater system support is necessary for including forced migrant children in education, while an outstanding obstacle is the language barrier - in communication with children, but also with parents.

Investigating critical factors influencing the acceptance of e-learning during COVID-19

Background: In order to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, a temporary interruption of teaching and educational activities in classrooms occurred. Most schools and faculties were forced to switch from traditional to online teaching. Purpose: This research aims to examine the key factors influencing students' intention to use e-learning, as well as predictors of student satisfaction with online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study design/methodology/approach: The analysis includes 312 students on the territory of the Republic of Serbia who use e-learning. Reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling are applied in the paper. Findings/conclusions: It is found that course design significantly affects perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and quality of e-learning, and perceived usefulness and quality of e-learning are the main drivers of student satisfaction. Then, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and satisfaction with online teaching are important predictors of the attitude towards the use of e-learning, and attitude is an important driver of the intention to use e-learning. The results of the research and the implications derived from them can be helpful to educational institutions in creating, introducing and implementing e-learning, as well as increasing student satisfaction with online teaching during the pandemic. Limitations/future research: The limitation of the research stems from the selection of the sample (students). In addition, the research was conducted on the territory of Serbia, so the results cannot be generalized. Third, the possible bias of the respondents in giving answers can lead to wrong conclusions. The recommendation for future research is to examine the attitudes of professors who use e-learning, in addition to students. Another recommendation is to do a segment analysis (by gender, year of study) in order to develop specific strategies for each segment. Another suggestion is to compare students' opinions on e-learning and traditional ways of learning.

Dijahronijski presek razvoja nastave solfeđa u Republici Srbiji

The path to establishing a specialized music education with solfeggio teaching, as a necessary subject for acquiring primary, and then secondary and higher musical education, was a difficult one due to the historical turmoil on the territory of Serbia and its' overall significant lag behind the rest of Europe in many aspects of national, cultural and educational development. Bearing in mind the lack of musically educated staff and the absence of a national composition practice, which would pave the way and open the door to the institutionalization of music education, the question of the origin of the national solfeggio school and its development arises. The aim of the paper is to observe the critical moments in the development of solfeggio teaching in the Republic of Serbia, including the actions of personalities from the field of music pedagogy spaning from the nineteenth century till present day, with particular reference to the most prevalent methodological approach.

Međunarodna nadležnost u sporovima povodom povrede prava ličnosti na internetu - pravo Srbije i Evropske unije

Invention and wide-spread use of the internet pose particular challenges for Private International Law. Ubiquitous nature of content placed online, the fact that internet-users are able to create the content themselves and the absence of any meaningful geographic connection between transactions conducted online and a territory of any given country are factors which are, on the one hand, increasing the number of cases with cross-border implications while, as the same time, rendering the use of traditional rules of jurisdiction and choice of law increasingly difficult. This is particularly the case with cross-border infringements of personality rights via the internet. The paper discusses the issue of jurisdiction for this particular category of internet-torts. Based on the analysis of the case law created by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the practice of courts in certain national jurisdictions, the author concludes that a reasonable and purposeful interpretation of the notion "place of damage" as a criterion of special jurisdiction for torts used in Article 53(1) of the Serbian Private International Law Code, entails that for the acceptance of jurisdiction by Serbian courts it is not enough that the relevant content is accessible from the territory of Serbia. It is also necessary that a victim's habitual residence or main place of business is in Serbia. Such interpretation allows Serbian courts to accept jurisdiction in circumstances in which there is a real and meaningful connection of a dispute with Serbia, provides the plaintiff with efficient legal protection of his rights and guarantees the defendant a reasonable opportunity to foresee a competent forum.

Pokazatelji tržišne orijentisanosti porodičnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava Srbije i opštine Kladovo

The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of family agricultural holdings (FAH) in Serbia from the aspect of market orientation. The purpose of writing the paper is to analyse the indicators that affect the market orientation of FAH, which are: utilized agricultural area (UAA), economic size of the holding, the structure of the engaged labour force (by gender, age range and by educational level). The main source of data is from the Farm Structure Survey (FSS), and the results for the area of Serbia and the municipality of Kladovo are presented. It is concluded: fragmentation of land holdings; unfavourable economic size of holdings (small in Serbia and very small in Kladovo); in the structure of the engaged labour force on the territory of Serbia, members of the holdings participate with 56.7%, particularly 59.1% in Kladovo; male headed holdings are dominated, while women are most often represented as members of holdings; holdings are mostly elderly because 39.1% of holdings' managers in Serbia are aged 65 and over, specifically 45.9% in Kladovo; 95.3% of holdings' managers in Serbia and 97.2% in Kladovo have entirely practical experience. The analysis included only FAH because in Serbia they make up 99.7% and in Kladovo 99.8% of the total registered farms. The observed indicators were processed by the methods of descriptive statistics.

Hidrogeološka istraživanja 2021. godine na teritoriji Srbije kroz uslove zavoda za zaštitu prirode Srbije

Hydrogeology as a science has been mentioned in Serbia since the beginning of the 20th century, when a number of hydrogeological research methods were developed. Due to various hydrogeological methods, the wealth of groundwater on the territory of Serbia has been established, which require special study and protection in order to conserve their potential. However, a significant part of the groundwater that has been explored in our country, has not adequately been evaluated. Hence the need to explore groundwater nowadays, which is certainly important for the future as well. With the official documents containing requirements regarding nature conservation, issued by the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, certain prohibitions are established, as well as requirements, measures and restrictions, the specialty of which is the conservation, evaluation and protection of groundwater, with the aim of preventing its contamination and over-exploitation. In relation to the very locations where research is carried out (within protected natural areas or outside), and the very need for research (such as the water supply of certain areas, its use for industrial purposes, for individual households and business facilities), the defined requirements provide the best solutions for nature conservation, both today and regarding future resource management and water use.

Stvaranje i organizacija Srpske državne straže 1941/1942. godine

The subject of this research are the circumstances that led to the establishment of the Serbian State Guard, a collaborationist formation created in early March 1942 in occupied Serbia, and its organization, as well. It arose from the need of the occupiers and collaborators for a stronger and more organized unit that would more successfully oppose the insurgent forces in the territory of Serbia. Formed on the basis of the pre-war gendarmerie, in the specific conditions of the war chaos in Serbia, it retained its primary police character, although it could establish larger and more mobile military formations if necessary. The first initiative came from the collaborationist government. The information about the new formation appeared in the daily press as early as the beginning of January, and the organization was completed in February 1942. Although there were other ideas for the name (Serbian State Police, Serbian National Guard) at meetings with General Milan Nedić, it was agreed to name the new formation Serbian State Guard. The decree on the organization was published on March 3, 1942. According to that decree, the SDS was defined as a uniformed and armed troop performing the police executive and border service. It included members of the former gendarmerie, police guards, armed detachments and border financial control bodies. Members of the SDS were in the service of the Ministry of the Interior. The Serbian State Guard was divided into: 1) the City State Guard, which served in Belgrade and other cities, 2) the Field State Guard, which served in the entire territory of the country except in the areas of city guards and 3) the Border Guard, which performed the border service. In the territory of the City of Belgrade, as a special unit that was directly subordinated to the Governor of the City of Belgrade, the service was performed by the Serbian State Guard of the Administration of the City of Belgrade. The SDS was led by the commander, who together with the headquarters formed the SDS Command. Members had to meet certain conditions regarding height, age, literacy, etc. Primarily, the material stored in the Military Archive in Belgrade was used, mainly the" Nedić Archive" fund, as well as the corresponding published material, literature and periodicals.

Agro-fotonaponski sistemi kao sinergija poljoprivredne i proizvodnje električne energije

Having in mind the deteriorating conditions for agricultural production due to climate change, there are more and more factors that justify the use of agro-photovoltaic or agrivoltaic systems. The systems offer an innovative, efficient and cost-effective solution for the simultaneous development of sustainable agricultural production and renewable energy production. Besides, they increase land use by synergizing agricultural infrastructure with photovoltaics, making rural communities more competitive and sustainable. In this way, farmers have the opportunity to develop a new source of income without leaving agricultural production. Installed directly above agricultural crops, solar panels protect plants from excessive sunlight, heat, maintain soil moisture, protect from hail and frost, enabling a stable yield with the simultaneous production of electricity. The benefits of using APV systems can be increased thanks to digital solutions being adapted to crop needs by optimizing the level of shading or soil moisture in relation to electricity production. Solar energy can be used to drive irrigation pumps, thus replacing diesel generators, as well as for the purpose of processing agricultural products and powering equipment and rolling stock on farms. Individual farmers as well as cooperatives can benefit from the application of these systems, given that the experience so far shows an increase in farm income of over 30%. The technical and economic feasibility of APV projects has been proven in many countries, and the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework is probably the biggest obstacle for their potential to be realized. Investments in these projects are higher compared to conventional photovoltaic systems installed on the ground so, at this moment, it is necessary to design and implement certain support measures to achieve positive economic effects in the Republic of Serbia (AP Vojvodina). Taking into account the climatic conditions in the territory of Serbia (AP Vojvodina), as well as the crops that are grown, it is necessary to examine the possibility of applying these systems primarily to vegetable and fruit crops.

The influence of socio-demographic variables on the motivation and satisfaction of employees in the tourist economy of Serbia

Starting from the assumption that working conditions have a significant impact on the quality of work of employees, the paper investigates the impact of selected socio-demographic variables on motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Serbia. As independent variables, this research analyzed gender, age and education, while the key dependent variables were motivation, satisfaction with the types of professional development and education, as well as the attitude about the importance of professional development and training. Therefore, an original empirical research was conducted among the employees of tourist organizations from the territory of Serbia. Descriptive statistics, t test for independent samples, correlation and analysis of variance were applied as main quantitative methods. The degree of motivation and satisfaction of employees was ana?lyzed from the perspective of motivation and satisfaction with the types of professional training and education using the Likert scale. An adequate qualitative methodology was applied, too. Based on the research conducted within this paper, it can be concluded that gender, age and education affect the business performance and that there is a positive correlation between the degree of motivation and job satisfaction on the work of employees, and thus indirectly on the business performance of tourism enterprises in Serbia.

Functional dependence of settlements and its demographic component in the transition phase of the daily urban system

The transition period of post-socialist cities brought significant demographic and spatial changes within their daily urban systems (DUS). Functional transformations of the core, as well as functionally dependent settlements in the mentioned systems, had a significant impact on the daily mobility of the population. For the purposes of this paper, the example of Belgrade was taken as the core of the most significant DUS on the territory of Serbia, and beyond its borders. As a research time frame the focus is on the first intercensal period of the 21st century, taking into account social and economic changes in that period. The daily mobility of the labor force was used as a relevant indicator of the functional manifestation of the work center and the functional direction of the residential settlement. A model of the spatial manifestation of the workforce daily mobility was used as a basis for researching the structure, changes, and determining the boundaries of the territorial scope of the DUS. Based on the presented results, dynamic changes within the DUS of Belgrade were determined, which are manifested through an increase in its spatial and population coverage, as well as through the changes in the degree of functional dependence of the settlements that participate in it. Conclusions were drawn on the connection between the transformation of the DUS and its demographic component, as well as the factors that initiate the investigated changes.

Traditional Sports and Games as an Element of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Traditional sports and games have been recognized in modern times as an important segment of cultural heritage and local identity. They are an expression of creativity in the field of sports and recreation of the inhabitants in the regions where they originated. The role and importance of traditional sports and games have been especially emphasized in the last 30 years through various announcements, declarations, executive plans, and since 2010 they have been inscribed on the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage. They are seen as special performance skills that are preserved, as an example of good practice, a list of knowledge, a list of living guardians of heritage and a list of festivals and customs. Also, they found their place on the national lists of the former republics of SFRY. On the territory of Serbia, traditional sports and games are still not on the national list of intangible cultural heritage, although practice shows that some need to be preserved and revitalized. The paper analyses process of recognizing traditional sports and games in the world and in the former Yugoslavia as an intangible cultural heritage. Also, using survey research, it will be investigated to what extent the awareness and present knowledge on this topic is developed among visitors to various competitions in traditional sports and games in Serbia, and what are the attitudes of respondents regarding their preservation and authenticity.

Perception of Fairness of Interaction in Handling Complaints of Users of Travel Agency Services: Evidence from Serbia and Croatia

Service-dominant logic observes the user as a co-creator of value in the process of providing services. In the case of a complaint, as a result of dissatisfaction, the user and the travel agency become a co-creator of the value of service recovery. The perception of interactionist fairness is one of the determinants of a user’s complaint behaviour. Interactionist fairness is seen in the extent to which users consider to be treated fairly in terms of their interaction with a travel agency employee during the service recovery process. The research presented in this paper is based on determining the differences in perception of fairness of interaction in handling complaints of users of travel agency services in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted on a sample that included 297 respondents from the territory of Serbia and Croatia. The proposed hypotheses were tested using the Mann – Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The purpose of this paper is to point out to travel agencies the importance of users’ reactions to unsatisfactory service as a kind of reflection of cooperation in service recovery.
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The Symbolism of Green Colour in Neolithic of Serbia

The focus of this text is twofold. The first task is to reconsider the mode of interpretation of various small (4 to 10 cm) objects (axes, chisels, finger-rings, pendants), made of green minerals – jadeite and/or nephrite. These objects are registered on 15 sites in the territory of present-day Serbia, dated into the Neolithic period (6200/6000–4600/4500 cal BC). The second task is to lay out a short history of the green colour. As stated by Michel Pastoureau (Pasturo 2015), the production of a green pigment was almost impossible in the past, especially in praehistory. The first recorded attempts are linked to Ancient Egypt, and the oldest successful production of the green pigment is dated to Ancient Rome. Therefore, the text examines the symbolic role of these small green objects during the Neolithic. The beds of green minerals jadeite and nephrite are not recorded in the territory of Serbia. Jadeite may be found south of Skopje (Mt. Solunska glava), in the Cyclades in Greece, as well as in the Piedmont Alps. Nephrite is registered in the mountain Ogražden (SW Bulgaria), in Poland, Sweden, and Italy. The absence of mineral layers in the region surely suggests the existence of long-distance exchange. This raises the issue of the role and symbolic function of these objects – what was their appeal for the past communities and what was the role of their colour in their manufacture? In archaeology, the studies in symbolics of various colours are rare. Authors have mainly focused upon the origin of the colour and the dating of the objects, but the role of the colour itself as the criterion in choosing various raw materials has largely been neglected. Notable is the exception of the thematic collection “Colouring the Past: The Significance of Colour in Archaeological Research” (2002), where attempts have been made to explain the symbolic importance of various colours in the past. However, the colour green is not mentioned. This paper does not aim to offer final solutions, but to investigate the usage and importance of the colour green on the grounds of the usage of the objects themselves.

Academics perception of public areas video surveillance in smart cities

The growing trend of the urban population looks for the formation of the concept of Smart Cities, based on the principles of sustainable development, which will meet the needs of people who live in them. The city must develop its public service infrastructure to provide all the requirements for the population. One of the requirements, people living in cities is the security of public areas managed by the city. The system of video surveillance, public areas should contribute to the personal safety of citizens, children and traffic, reducing the rate of crime and more efficient operation of public services. This research aims to examine academics' opinions (perceptions) about the impact of security cameras on increasing security within the concept of Smart Cities. The research had conducted on the territory of Serbia through an online survey. The obtained data were processed statistically by Chi-square and T-test, ANOVA method, multiple regression and correlation using SPSS application. The research indicates that academics much more believe in the contribution of video surveillance, reducing the crime rate, than studies of the effectiveness of the use of video surveillance shows. Video camera monitoring accelerates the reactions of competent services, but video camera recordings have not always been accepted as evidence in court.

Influence of forest humidity on the distribution of forest fires in the territory of Serbia

In this study, we examined the dependence of the influence of forest humidity conditions on the variability of forest fires in Serbia. The changes in values of the Forest Aridity Index (FAI) and the De Martonne Drought Index (IDM) in the period 2009-2018 were analyzed, with an emphasis on 2012 and 2014. Data from ground meteorological measurements at 14 main meteorological stations on the territory of Serbia were used. The analysis of the FAI index determines a positive correlation on the activity of forest fires in the territory of Serbia. FAI values indicate marked increases for 2012 and 2017 when the largest number of forest fires was registered in Serbia. The lowest values of this index are for 2014, when we registered the smallest occurrence of forest fires in Serbia. Decrease in the value of the IDM index was observed during 2011, 2012 and 2017 correlated with a larger number of forest fires in the period. The greatest threat to forests from fire is in the administrative district of Kragujevac (region of Šumadija and Western Serbia) and Vranje (region of Southern and Eastern Serbia) and the lowest in the area of Sombor and Kikinda (region of Vojvodina). At nine of the fourteen meteorological stations, the De Martonne Drought Index (IDM) showed stronger connection with the occurrence of forest fires compared to the Forest Aridity Index (FAI).

Long Term Monitoring and Connection between Topography and Cloud Cover Distribution in Serbia

The use of weather satellite recordings has been growing rapidly over the last three decades. Determining the patterns between meteorological and topographical features is an important scientific job. Cloud cover analysis and properties can be of the utmost significance for potential cloud seeding. Here, the analysis of the cloud properties was conducted by means of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite recordings. The resolution of used data was 1 km2 within the period of 30 years (1989–2019). This research showed moderate changing of cloudiness in the territory of Serbia with a high cloudiness in February, followed by cloudiness in January and November. For the past three decades, May has been the month with the highest cloudiness. The regions in the east and south-west, and particularly in the west, have a high absolute cloudiness, which is connected with the high elevation of the country. By means of long term monitoring, the whole territory of Serbia was analyzed for the first time, in terms of cloudiness. Apart from the statistical and numerical results obtained, this research showed a connection between relief and clouds, especially in the winter season. Linear regression MK (Mann-Kendall test) has proven this theory right, connecting high elevation sides with high absolute cloudiness through the year.

Neki aspekti djelovanja vojske Jugoslavije u agresiji na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu na području srednjeg Podrinja početkom 1993. godine

The presence of regular Yugoslav military forces in central Podrinje and their participation in the aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina have been evident from the very beginnings. As there were no significant forces of the Yugoslav People’s Army in Bosnian Podrinje, in the beginning of April 1992 the 336th Motorized brigade was dislocated from the area of Tuzla and it established its command post in Šekovići, thus becoming the bearer of battle activities and organization of the Army of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in this region, including in its organic composition all Serb armed formations from Zvornik, Kalesija, Šekovići, Vlasenica, Milići, Bratunac and Skelani. In the attacks during which the Serb forces gained control over a broader area of Central Podrinje, and the Bosniak population, which constituted a pronounced majority of the overall population, was suppressed and reduced to three isolated enclaves on the territory of Cerska, Konjević Polje and Srebrenica, the function of leading and commanding these forces, as well as other regular and irregular units which were directed or acted from the territory of Serbia, was conducted by the Operative group “Drina”, a formation under the command of the Belgrade military zone, later the 1st Army of the Yugoslav Army. In the attacks on the remaining enclaves of Podrinje during the summer and autumn of 1992 the aviation of the Yugoslav Army was employed along with lighter jets of agricultural aviation, as well as artillery from the firing positions of the Yugoslav Army on the territory of Serbia. The contents of the Wance-Owen peace plan, according to which the greater part of the Bosnian Podrinje was supposed to be included into one of the provinces with a Bosniak ethnic majority, which would have spelt the end of the Serb national policy in Podrinje, represented an announcement of a large winter offensive of the Serbian forces. With a directive issued on 19 November 1992 the Drina corps of the Army of Republika Srpska was ordered to defend Višegrad, Zvornik and the corridor towards Serbia with its main forces, to deblock the communication on the line Milići – Konjević Polje – Zvornik, and to exhaust the enemy on the broader area of Podrinje, inflict upon him as much loss as possible, and force him to “leave the areas of Birač, Žepa and Goražde together with the Muslim population”. On the basis of this directive act, the planned offensive military activities of the Serb forces in Central Podrinje, initiated during November and finished with the agreement on the demilitarization of Srebrenica in April 1993, according to the documents of the Army of Republika Srpska, had three successive phases codenamed: “PROBOJ” (Breakthrough), “PESNICA” (Fist) and “UDAR” (Assault). Despite the significant engaged forces, the offensive “PROBOJ” did not go according to plan, and in the counterattacks during December the forces of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina liberated a large number of settled places, and until 9 January 1993 gained control over Serb strongholds in the communication region of Bratunac – Kravica, and thus physically connected all parts of the liberated territory. Then a new offensive was launched, codenamed “PESNICA”, which, aside from the stabilization of the Serb defence of Bratunac, did not achieve its stated goals, while on the other side the forces of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived to the part of the state border with Serbia in the region of Skelani. In the final phase of the offensive, that bore the code name of “UDAR”, the Army of Yugoslavia directly joined the fighting in Central Podrinje on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the direction of Bratunac towards Srebrenica the forces from the composition of OG “Drina” and parts of other units from the 1st Army of the Yugoslav Army were active, which established a command outpost in Ljubovija. In central Podrinje parts of the Special units corps of the Yugoslav Army also operated, and during the offensive they were stationed in the region of Skelani. From that side, from the direction of Skelani towards Srebrenica, the forces from the composition of the Užice corps of the 2nd Army of the Yugoslav Army were also active. When the forces of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina were suppressed from the larger part of the territory and together with the masses of Bosniak civilians restricted to the broader town area of Srebrenica, the units of the Yugoslav Army could retreat to the territory of their state. The offensive was concluded with the signing of the agreement about the demilitarization of Srebrenica.