Territory Of Serbia Research Articles

Species of the genus Parthenolecanium (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in urban environments in Serbia

Four species of soft scales from the genus Parthenolecanium have been registered in urban areas in Serbia: Parthenolecanium corni, P. fletcheri, P. pomeranicum, and P. rufulum. They all develop one generation annually and overwinter as second-instar nymphs on host twigs. P. corni reproduces by gamogenesis, while the other three species reproduce by parthenogenesis. The species were recorded on the territory of Serbia in 22 locations on 20 host plants, whereby P. corni was identified on 8 new host plants, and P. fletheri on one new host. The intensity of scale attacks and damage symptoms on the infested plants were variable. P. corni, P. fletcheri, and P. rufulum formed numerous colonies on some woody and bushy plants, causing branches of individual plants to dry and decay.

The Look that Can Petrify: Ancient Spolia with Medusa Motif Embedded in Sacral Buildings on the Territory of Serbia

The Look that Can Petrify: Ancient Spolia with Medusa Motif Embedded in Sacral Buildings on the Territory of Serbia

Finansijski racio pokazatelji kao rani prediktori poslovnog neuspeha - iskustvo iz Srbije

The problem of corporate bankruptcies has intrigued the scientific community for years due to its practical significance. There is no country whose economic well-being is not affected by business failures. The research problem stems from the lack of analyses related to the issue of business failures in the the Republic of Serbia. The main aim of this research paper is to determine whether ratio indicators are relevant in predicting business failure one, two and three years before bankruptcy proceedings start. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 companies from the teritorry of Serbia. The data for ratios calculation was taken from the official website of the Business Registers Agency. Statistical analysis is based on Mann-Whitney test, which is used to identify differences between two groups with respect to a variable (ratio). The test was conducted in IBM's SPSS v.26 tool. Results of the research indicate that financial ratios can be useful for business failure prediction even three years before bankruptcy proceedings start, since there are statistically significant differences in ratio values between bankrupt and solvent companies.

Antirodni diskurs u medijima u Srbiji

Main goal of the text is a feminist critical analysis of anti-gender discourses in 843 media texts published in Serbia, in the period from January 1, 2019 to October 31, 2022. The media base that includes the largest part of the mainstream media on the territory of Serbia was selected. The analysis was done on a targeted sample by searching for several key terms, characteristic of anti-gender discourses: "gender ideology", "family values" and "traditional values". The research showed that the discourse of the anti-gender movement in Serbia corresponds to the discursive framework and wider action of the international anti-gender movement, confronting feminism, the action of LGBTIQ+ movement and, in general, progressive movements. As in the case of the international anti-gender movement, relying on an essentialist and biological understanding of gender and sexuality and insisting on a traditionalist family structure, based on gender asymmetry and social hierarchies, is part of a broader rejection of ideas and practices of social and human equality. Only in this context it becomes more clear why ideas about the social conditioning of gender and the fluidity of human identities, as well as the equality of different manifestations of sexuality are considered so subversive.

Uticaj subjektivnih normi na korišćenje toplotne pumpe u postizanju održivog razvoja

Sustainable development, use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency have been the focus of interest of the scientific and professional public in recent decades. The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of subjective norms on the use of heat pumps within the framework of behavior in the function of energy efficiency. In addition, the profile of consumers is investigated in the context of their sociodemographic characteristics. Marketing research was conducted on a convenience sample of 208 respondents on the territory of Serbia, in August 2019. The measurement of subjective norms according to the heat pump was performed on the basis of a Likert scale, while the analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents was performed using the SPSS program package. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the influence of subjective norms on the introduction of the use of heat pumps is closest to the score 3, which is neutral on a five-point Likert scale, as well as that subjective norms can be statistically significantly explained by income and the number of children under the age of 18 as sociodemographic characteristics of the respondent.

Pravnoistorijski pogled na uvođenje uslovne osude u srpsko pravo

The paper analyzes the issue of introducing a suspended sentence into Serbian law. Suspended sentencing, as a modern institution of the sociological school and the embodiment of a changed penal philosophy, experienced its expansion in European legislation at the end of the 19th century. However, suspended sentences were applied in Serbia only on the basis of the Yugoslav Criminal Code from 1929. But, this did not mean that the idea of legal regulation of suspended sentence, on the territory of Serbia, only appeared in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Moreover, the idea of legal regulation of suspended sentence was put forward in other, developed European countries at the end of the 19th century, but it did not attract the attention of lawyers in the Kingdom of Serbia at that time. The first attempts to prescribe a suspended sentence in the Kingdom of Serbia occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, but due to the outbreak of the Wars, all of this remained a dead letter, never having been enacted into law. Therefore, the paper presents the reasons that motivated lawyers in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to raise the issue of the introduction of suspended sentences, as well as the difficulties they encountered both during its introduction and during its practical application.

Konstrukcija modela predikcije bankrotstva upotrebom diskriminantne analize i finansijskih racija

The main aim of this research is to develop a statistical model that can reliably predict bankruptcy of Serbian companies one year before bankruptcy proceedings start. The main motive for the research is the fact that there are not many scientific papers focusing on this important issue in Serbia. Bankruptcy prediction model may be useful for future researchers, but also for business owners and other stakeholders. Research was conducted using financial ratio indicators and discriminant analysis in IBM's SPSS v.26 program. Initially 100 companies from the territory of Serbia were included in the research, but after data screening and meeting all the assumptions for discriminant analysis, 74 of them were included in the final modelling process. It was confirmed that the commonly used financial ratios and discriminant analysis can be useful in creating a bankruptcy prediction model, since the classification power of the developed model is 71.6% for original grouped cases, and 70.3% for cross-validated cases.

Neraskidive spone - srpski arhitekti i vojska (XIX-XXI vek)

From the 19th century uprising period to the present day, Serbia has witnessed a controlled militarization of urban areas as part of its defense policy, with the army showcasing its fighting spirit and emphasizing its crucial role in the public security system. During peacetime, this process unfolds gradually and inconspicuously as 'peacetime protective' measures, but escalates during political crises and wars. The devastating war conflicts, resulting from geopolitical and regional crises that often spilled into Serbia's territory over the last two centuries, have had adverse effects on both military and civil infrastructure. Beyond architecture, which holds significant communicative importance, this militarization has also impacted other aspects of visual culture. Military facilities, as a means of controlling public spaces, have assumed a prominent position in Serbian cities' symbolic topographies, often occupying main squares. Their construction is coordinated with the strategies of the Ministry of the Army's (or Defense) strategies, general urban plans and Serbia's spatial development. However, conflicts between architects and military institution managers often arose during implementation, with architects striving for adherence to planned solutions and artistic visions, while clients sought adaptation to current security needs. Despite developing in a more modest form compared to major world powers, Serbia's militarization of public spaces continues to merit critical examination. Beyond the architecturally-urban perspective dominant in scientific historiography, military complexes warrant a more comprehensive analysis from a security standpoint and as a legacy of a distinct military visual culture, influenced by military hierarchy dynamics and the country's changing geopolitical position. Thus, increased openness of military institutions to research their architectural past and improved collaboration between architectural and military historians could effectively address existing knowledge gaps.

A new greenhouse invader: the first report of the alien ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera, Anisolabididae) in Serbia, with the first checklist of earwigs of the country

The ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847) is recorded for the first time on the territory of Serbia. The species was found in the greenhouse of Jevremovac Botanical Garden in Belgrade and represents the second allochthonous invertebrate species registered in this greenhouse, after an exotic millipede. In total, 10 specimens of ring-legged earwig were found in the sections of the greenhouse where tropical and subtropical plants are cultivated. The first checklist of earwigs of Serbia was compiled and notes on autochthonous species are given.

CONSUMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF PRODUCTS WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN SERBIA

The main purpose of this study is to shed light on consumers’ knowledge of geographical indications in Serbia. We therefore present the results obtained from a consumer survey on a sample of 806 respondents in the territory of Serbia. Differences in consumers’ knowledge of geographical indications as well as in the self-perceived level of knowledge of GI food were tested according to several socio-demographic criteria. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences in gender, age, and level of education regarding consumer knowledge of GIs. In addition, the respondents indicated a low level of knowledge about the GIs, qualities, benefits, and method of production of these products, as well as the existence of an adequate control system. As consumers consider themselves insufficiently informed, this finding suggests that it is necessary to undertake actions that will contribute to the consumers’ education and information. Based on the obtained results, recommendations useful for marketing managers, decision-makers, agricultural producers as well as future research are given in the paper.

Social and Economic Status of the Dead: Burials in the Period of Early Christianity

Traditionally, the necropolises of the 4th century have been considered in the framework of the spread of Christianity, conceived as a linear progression. The research into the necropolises of this period is predominantly based upon the premise that the earliest Christian burials are “poor”, so consequently the lack of grave offerings has often been identified as the indicator of Christianity. From this starting point, the research goals have almost always been identified in terms of determination of religious character of the necropolises, i. e. whether they were Christian or pagan. This text therefore aims to question this firmly held belief that the economic status of the individuals buried in the 4th century in the territory of Serbia may be equated to their religious (Christian) identity. The premise which equates the absence of certain artefacts as the proof the presence of religious ideas is problematic, especially since the graves with “rich” offerings were registered during this period, some of them plausibly identified as burials of the Christians. Furthermore, this premise severely limits the issues that can be raised, and the paper proposes the move from the perpetual goal to identify individual graves as Christian or pagan. It is argued here that this period is characterized by frequent and important political, economic, social, and religious changes. If we move from the assumption that the religious identity of individuals (and necropolises) can be ascribed in a straightforward manner, the burials of this period can offer valuable insight into the lives of people who were not subsumed to their religious affiliation, or at least not in the way we ascribe to them.

The new highest number of B chromosomes (Bs) in Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817).

B chromosomes (Bs) are supernumerary to the standard chromosome set, from which they prevalently derive. Variation in numbers both among individuals or populations and among cells within individuals is their constant feature. Leisler's bat Nyctalusleisleri (Kuhl, 1817) is one of only four species of Chiroptera with detected Bs. Four males of N.leisleri were collected from two localities on the territory of Serbia and cytogenetically analysed. All animals had Bs with interindividual variability ranging from two to five heterochromatic micro Bs. The highest number of Bs was detected in this species. Among mammals, Rodentia and Chiroptera are orders with the largest number of species, but Bs frequently appear in rodents and rarely in chiropterans. Possible explanations for this difference are offered.

SERBIAN STATE GUARD IN OCCUPIED SERBIA 1942-1944

The subject of this article is the Serbian State Guard – an armed formation created in occupied Serbia in early March 1942. It arose out of the need of the occupiers and collaborators for a stronger and more organized unit that would more successfully confront the insurgent forces in the territory of Serbia. The primary objective of our research was the reconstruction of its creation, organization, mode of operation, combat activities, and make-up XXX. Created on the basis of the pre-war gendarmerie, in the specific conditions of wartime chaos in Serbia, it retained its primarily police character, although it formed larger and more mobile military units when needed. Finally, the fate of this formation after its inclusion in the ranks of the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (i.e., the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović) and its going into exile was presented. The source-materials used for this paper are kept mostly in the Military Archive in Belgrade. We have also used documents kept in the Belgrade Historical Archives, the State Archives of Serbia, as well as in the local historical archives in Niš.

Influence of human capital on the performance of organic milk production

Over the past decade, a growing interest of consumers in the consumption of organic milk has been recognized, mostly because of its positive effect on human health, besides other various positive effects. The main goal of organic milk production is to bring agricultural production in close alignment with the requirements of a sustainable system. Human capital in organic farming is an important factor as it significantly influences production and financial results. As an important factor in the production, socio-economic characteristics of producers considerably determine possibilities of the future development of this system of production in a certain country. Focusing on the aspect of human capital, this paper examines the possibilities of the development of organic agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia. The research has been conducted on the territory of Serbia on individual farms which are certified for organic farming. Following the findings, the authors conclude that human capital in organic milk production of the Republic of Serbia does not represent a limiting factor in the future development of this system and that human capital in terms of learning and education, experience and expertise, innovation and creativity, and sources of knowledge has a positive relationship with the business performance.

TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES AS THE PREDICTOR OF MALADAPTIVE OUTCOMES AMONG CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE

The aim behind this study was to first analyze the nature and the extent of childhood trauma and existing maladaptive outcomes (internalized and externalized problems, and dissociation) among adolescents in the foster system, and then analyze the possibility of using traumatic experiences to predict the aforementioned outcomes of childhood trauma. The sample consists of 121 respondents, children and youths in the care of child protective services, without adequate parental care, residing in temporary foster care families on the territory of Serbia, aged between 11 and 18. The respondents filled out the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – CTQ (Bernstein & Fink, 2003), the Dissociative experience scale for adolescents, A-DES (Armstrong et al., 1997), and the Child behavior checklist – youth self-report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). The results of the analyses have indicated that physical and emotional neglect are the most frequent forms of maltreatment in early childhood, with a relatively high prevalence of the other individual forms of trauma. Early childhood trauma statistically significantly predicted all the analyzed maladaptive outcomes, explaining approximately 20% of the variance of internalized and externalized problems, and dissociation. Recommendations are given for future studies.

The Religious Identity of Banatian Bulgarians – The Palćans in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria

The paper presents a comparative study of religious identity in countries that share similar sociopolitical circumstances, namely socialism/communism and postsocialism. The analysis is based on field research, and the chosen subject of study is the ethnic group of Banatian Bulgarians, whose members live on the territory of Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. The paper suggests that different regulatory practices by governments have had different effects on religious identity, and that other social factors, such as the size of the communities and language use, are also significant. Religion in the socialist/communist period was most strictly regulated in Bulgaria, where religious tradition was disrupted, while in Serbia the traditional component of religious identity was preserved in the private sphere, and in Romania secularization was present in some social strata. In postsocialism religion has been revitalized, and data suggest that a high level of religiousness is related to the ability to use one’s first language in church, which, in our study, is the case in Romania.

Predstavnici roda "Trissolcus" (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) prirodni neprijatelji štetnih stenica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) i preliminarna istraživanja u Srbiji

Different types of polyphagous true bug pests are present in Serbia and countries in the region, many of which stand out as significant pests of agricultural crops. Among the harmful true bugs, the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula Linnaeus, 1758 and the brown marble bug Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are the species that currently attract attention the most, primarily because of their invasive and polyphagous nautre and ability to migrate rapidly from one crop to another. In many regions, where harmful bugs cause large economic losses, control strategies are primarily based on the application of chemicals. In addition to chemical control measures, biological control measures are increasingly present, which are based on the application of natural enemies of pests. Species from the genus Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) show the best results in the biological control of polyphagous true bug. The species that has been commercially used for many years to control harmful Hemiptera is Trissolcus basalis Wollaston, 1958, which is one of the most important natural enemies of the green vegetable bug in the World. The species Trissolcus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 and Trissolcus mitsukurii Ashmead, 1904 have been identified as the predominant parasitoids of the brown marble bug and show great potential in the biological control of this harmful species. Representatives of the genus Trissolcus are also registered on the territory of Serbia, which opens the possibility of including native species of the genus Trissolcus in the strategies of biological control of true bug pests on the territory of Serbia and the region.

Distribucija i kvantitativna zastupljenost korovskog suncokreta Helianthus annuus L. u Srbiji

The Helianthus annuus L. species which appears as a weedy sunflower differs from the sunflower crop in height, pronounced branching, phenotypic variability, presence of anthocyan pigment, numerous small heads, relatively small and morphologically variable seeds (shape, color, motlling), dormancy and seed brittleness, etc. Weedy sunflover (WS) has been spreading for more than two decades on crop and non-cropland in the area with intensive sunflower crop production in Serbia, where it causes large yield losses in many crops (row crops and cereals). Bearing this in mind, as well as the fact that there have been confirmed cases of reduced herbicide efficacy on WS, the aim of this study was to determine the distribution and define the population size of WS in the whole territory of Serbia. During a three year period, in the region with intensive sunflower crop production (Banat, Bačka, Srem, Stig), the present WS populations were monitored and the quantitative and qualitative traits of their populations were assessed. A scale from 1-4 was used to estimate the number of plants in the population (1 - species cover up to 5% of the surveyed area, 2 - species cover 10-15% of the surveyed area, 3 - species cover 25-50% of the surveyed area, and 4 - species cover over 50% of the surveyed area). Over 200 populations of WS have been recorded in the whole territory of Serbia, and this is shown on a UTM map of 10x10 km scale. The largest WS populations (5 to 15 ha), with the highest number of plants (> 100,000) and average density (about 5 m-2 plants) were recorded in the site of Padinska Skela (in crop and non-croplands), Zbeg (predominantly on non-cropland) and Surčin-Galovica (predominantly in cropland). Based of the phenotypic diversity/discrimination traits, the population from Stari Žednik was the most similar to sunflower crop [with the central head and apical branching, the lowest number of heads compared with other WS populations (18.5 plants-1, while some populations had up to 59.4 heads plant-1) and the largest head size (8.1 cm in diameter)]. These results should be a guide for the farmers when planning crop planting, to undertake the best measures to control WS within the concept of antiresistance strategy, given the confirmed cases of reduced susceptibility of this weed to herbicides, as well as the obligation to eliminate it on non-cropland, as its main corridors of expansion are areas along roads and canals, field crop margines, lost cropland, etc.

Uticaj demografskih varijabli na zadovoljstvo korisnika digitalnih usluga hotela

The development of information and communication technologies is fundamentally transforming the tourism sector and tourism suppliers are widely using modern technologies to improve their business. Hotels are increasingly relying on digital technologies in an effort to reach their business objectives, improve the experience and satisfaction of their guests and achieve a competitive advantage. The aim of this research is to determine the statistical significance of the impact of demographic variables on customer satisfaction when using digital services, such as: the hotel website, online reservations, internet services, as well as social media. Empirical research on customers' attitudes and their satisfaction with digital services that 4and 5star-hotels provide on the territory of Serbia was conducted in 2021 and the results were processed using statistical methods and the Chi-square test. The research results have shown that there is a statistically significant difference in customer satisfaction with digital hotel services depending on their gender and age. The research indicates that it is necessary to take in account the demographic categories of customers when developing digital hotel services and make adjustments to them accordingly.

Iskustva nastavnika u vezi sa nastavom/učenjem na daljinu tokom pandemije Kovid-19

The current Covid-19 pandemic has completely changed the life of modern society and many of its segments. Undoubtedly, it influenced the entire education and the format of teaching so the online teaching and learning have become the most valuable tools in the emergency situation we are currently in. In this regard, the paper emphasizes, first of all, the explanation of online teaching and learning, the review of distance learning during the pandemic, as well as a brief overview of previous domestic and foreign researches on this topic. In order to research how the teachers coped in this situation, what are their experiences with online teaching, a research was conducted with foreign language teachers on the territory of Serbia. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, research methods are presented, as well as the results of a survey and interviews with foreign language teachers. The results showed that as the benefits of online teaching, teachers singled out the ease of preparation of classes, students' interest in teaching, increased quality of teaching materials, the possibility of faster and easier access to materials. On the other hand, the shortcomings of this type of teaching include insufficiently developed digital literacy of teachers, student workload, lack of time, technical equipment, poor internet connection and inability to control student work.