Original Territory Research Articles

Embryology and variations of the recurrent artery of Heubner.

The recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) is a very fascinating artery for various reasons. The first one is its early development in the embryologic and phylogenic life. The second one is the discrepancy between its diameter and its functional importance and the last but not least reason is the many variations of origin and course of this artery. For more than a century, numerous studies furnished important information about variations in origin, course, and parenchymal territory of the RAH. The most important anomaly concerning the RAH is the accessory middle cerebral artery and well-illustrates the complexity of its embryologic development. For these reasons, authors provide a review of anatomical variations of this artery that could be encountered with a particular attention given to the history and embryological knowledge.

Land Suitability of the Different Cultivars in the South Tyrol Wine Region (Italy)

The geology and geomorphology of the territory as well as microclimate are local geographical features that serve as natural ecological resources. These factors influence the biosynthetic activities of plants and their phenology, promoting biodiversity and the qualitative predispositions of grapes and wine. South Tyrol is one of the smallest wine-growing regions in Italy, but owing to its position amid the Alps, it is also one of the most multifaceted, a region of wide geographical diversity and remarkable ecological range, hosting a concentration of many different vine varieties and high quality wines. This applied territorial research investigates the particular environmental circumstances that favour this case. A data set describing approximately 26,000 vineyards and 5450 hectares has been employed to evaluate 18 subzones of wines and vines selected from 86 new geographical units defined within the DOC wine region. A new environmental mapping scheme called VHTG is proposed, based on the ecological indicators of grape variety, altitude, topoclimate and the geopedology of the vineyards. Using the VHTG method analyses, the comparisons between the territories of origin and their vine varieties can be rendered simpler and more direct, and it can distinguish the most suitable ecological conditions of wine production zones. It is now possible to examine more in detail the land suitability of the different cultivars, defined by the use of the ecological indicators summarized in the VHTG method. White grape varieties such as Sylvaner and Veltliner prefer high altitudes between 600 m and 900 m, a very high solar radiation SRI index from 80 to 95, and acidic sandy soils of silicate minerals. The most complete and intense tannic structure of regional Pinot Noir correlates to quite clayey soils with dolomite mineral, slightly alkaline, on vineyards at altitudes between 350 m and 410 m, with rather low SRI index from 60 to 75. Similar geopedological conditions favour Gewürztraminer, which, however, requests SRI from 75 to 85. Merlot and Cabernet vines are best expressed in the hottest regional sub-zones, on moderately clayey subalkaline soils at 250 - 350 m of altitudes and SRI around 80. The indigenous red grape variety Lagrein is mostly localized on alluvial cone at altitudes under 350 m, on soft and ventilated acid sands with volcanic silicate minerals.

Особливості джерельного комплексу дослідження політики пам’яті на окупованих Росією територіях України

Introduction . The policy of memory and historical consciousness of the population in the Russian-occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts has not yet been the subject of a special study by Ukrainian historians. The source base for studying this problem has a number of features. Purpose . Find out the features and identify the main groups of historical sources that can be used in the process of studying the policy of memory and historical consciousness of the population in the occupied territories. Results . It has been found that most sources that reveal the topic of historical memory and consciousness in the occupied territories of digital origin and are on the Internet, including sources born digital. The authors propose two interrelated schemes of systematization of the source base. The first, traditional approach to the classification of sources on the basis of the method of recording information – material, verbal, pictorial, behavioral. Classification by origin allows us to identify a wider range of sources. Documents of official origin, which determine the policy of memory and consists of two clusters: 1) legislative and normative acts of Ukraine; 2) illegitimate legal acts approved by the “heads” of illegal formations in the temporary occupied territories of Ukraine – so-called “LNR” and “DNR”. One of the tools of instrumentalization of the past and manipulation of the historical consciousness of the population in the occupied territories is the introduction of anti-Ukrainian memorable discourse from elementary school to higher education. Such a pseudo-historical narrative is also an important source. It is determined that the most massive group of source is media materials collected on various Internet resources. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of a new group of sources – social networks, which in modern society are becoming increasingly important. In particular, the possibility of using the resources of the most popular Facebook network in Ukraine is considered and the achievements of previous authors in the method of processing materials of social networks are taken into account. Originality . The authors propose their own systematization of sources that should be used to study the policy of memory and historical consciousness in the occupied territories. Conclusion . The source base for studying historical memory and memory policy in the occupied territories of Donbas is representative and allows to cover the problem in a comprehensive way. Mush of this is due to the emergence of new types of historical sources and their availability via the Internet.

КАМСКАЯ НЕОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРА НА СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКЕ ЕВРОПЫ

The author summarizes and systematizes the data on the Kamskaya Neolithic culture in the northeast of Europe (the territory of the modern Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk Oblast and the northern part of the Perm kray). At present 18 sites belonged to this culture have been identified in the basins of the rivers Vychegda, Pinega and Vishera. They represent its northern province of distribution, the length of which in the region is more than 1000 km (from southeast to northwest). The data of geochronometry and comparison of analogies from the territories of the East European and West Siberian plains determine that the most probable time of existence of this culture in the region was the VI millennium BC. A stable feature of the Kamskaya culture is ceramic ware made of clay with an admixture of chamotte and decorated with comb ornament. Its peculiarities in the basin of the Vychegda River are a small number of pots in complexes (from 1 to 5) and typological homogeneity. It indicates the short-term duration of this tradition and the lack of links with the population of other cultures. Ceramics in the basin of the Vyshera River are characterized by a great variety of decoration and provide an evidence of the connections between the population of different cultures. Flint knapping is situational and selective. The special and most stable feature of toolkit is the bifacial diamond-shaped or leaf-shaped arrowheads of short proportions. The tools made of other rocks are relatively well represented with chopping tools, abrasives, and fishing weights. In the assemblages of the Vishera river basin the signs of correction of traditions of stone processing to the peculiarities of raw materials of the region are revealed. It can indicate their more significant metamorphoses as they moved away from the original territory of culture. The complex data such as topography of monuments, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of stone tools, indicate a signifi cant role of fi shing in the Kamskaya culture’s economy. As a result of the research the peculiarities of this culture in the northeast of Europe and possible transformations of its elements in different habitats of the Vychegda and Vishera rivers basin were revealed. The main factors that influenced this difference were natural and climatic conditions and different population densities.

RETHINKING THE THEORY OF TOURISM: WHAT IS TOURISM SYSTEM IN THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE?

Tourism within the practical scope has gone beyond the development of tourism theory itself. Considering the importance of theory as a foundation for knowledge and understanding of a phenomenon, especially in the scope of tourism. Therefore this study attempts to fill the gap between the tourism theory that has been built with the latest empirical facts. In developing tourism theory, this research used the creation of theory approach. Where in the process, the creation of theory is more inductive (or can be regarded as a qualitative approach). The result of this research is that tourism as a system consists of two kinds of sub-system that is internal and external sub-system. The internal sub-system is the interaction between person or the tourist termed as the tourist demand, from the tourist generating region and during a trip to a destination called the tourism supply, linked by the intermediaries elements, to return to its original territory. While external sub-system consists of international trade factors, safety and security factors, natural or climate factors, social-cultural factors, technological factors, economic or finance factors, political factors, demographic, and geographical factors. The relationship between the internal and external sub-systems not only determined the existence of tourism, but otherwise the existence of tourism can also affect the two sub-systems (internal and external). The interesting thing about this research is that the phenomenon of tourism can be ‘limited’ by its own point of view which is described through a comprehensive and integrated system.

Linking wine culture, identity, tourism and rural development in a denomination of origin territory (NW of Spain)

El papel de las sinergias entre cultura del vino, identidad territorial y turismo puede ser crucial para el desarrollo rural. El enfoque de la investigación considera la percepción y experiencia de los actores locales sobre esta cuestión, en el territorio de la Denominación de Origen Ribeira Sacra (Noroeste de España). La metodología está basada en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad. La cultura del vino, junto con su paisaje y patrimonio, favorece la consolidación de las estrategias turísticas. Las sinergias entre cultura del vino, identidad y turismo generan valores esenciales para el desarrollo rural. The role played by synergies between wine culture, territorial identity and tourism may be crucial for rural development. This research focuses on the perception and experiences about this topic by the local actors in the territory of the Denomination of Origin Ribeira Sacra (NW Spain). The research relied on twelve in-depth interviews. The wine culture, along with its landscape and heritage, favors the consolidation of tourism strategies. The synergies between the world of wine, identity and tourism generate values that are essential for rural development.

Quantitative risk assessment of African swine fever virus introduction to Japan via pork products brought in air passengers' luggage.

The spread of African swine fever (ASF) has reached pandemic levels over the last decade, and outbreaks of this disease in China, Mongolia, Vietnam and Cambodia in 2018 and 2019 could accelerate its transmission to neighbouring Asian territories. Thus, the risk that the ASF virus (ASFV) will be introduced to disease-free territories increases each year. Since Japan is an island nation, the most likely way in which ASFV would be introduced is via pork products brought in air passengers' luggage (PPAP). Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the risk of ASFV introduction to Japan via PPAP. For the purposes of this analysis, we considered 214 international commercial flights travelling from 47 origin territories to 31 destination airports as potential routes of ASFV introduction via PPAP. The risk was estimated quantitatively through a stochastic model that considered the volume of air passengers' luggage, the amount of confiscated pork products that were carried in air passengers' luggage and the disease status of the origin territory. The overall mean annual probability of ASFV introduction to Japan via PPAP was found to be 0.941 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.661-1.000], which approximately corresponds to one introduction every 1.06years. At the origin territory level, Mongolia was led as the highest risk territory, with a risk of 0.864 (95% CI, 0.434-1.000), followed by China (0.697; 0.223-0.999), Vietnam (0.662; 0.196-0.998) and the Russian Federation (0.136; 0.018-0.401). At the destination airport level, Narita International Airport had the highest risk (0.905; 0.537-1.000), followed by Kansai International Airport (0.496; 0.109-0.961), Tokyo International Airport (0.389; 0.072-0.879) and Chubu Centrair International Airport (0.338; 0.058-0.816). This information will help improve risk management activities and monitoring systems to prevent the introduction of ASFV to Japan.

“Gringuinho”, “Diáspora”, “Iracema Voou: Narrated Exile, Sung Exiles

The objective of this article is to discuss sociocultural and existential aspects of migration in the representations “Diaspora”, “Iracema voou” and “Gringuinho.” Living in the original territory line up as time goes by. This perception is shown through the incorporation of practices and culture in the hometown. Therefore, topographic relationships are established. The experiences imprint the feeling of the time lived by, all of this acting upon the construction and maintenance of individual and cultural identities which should go hand in hand with the national identity. The article also intends to notice the interactions of the migrant with the present time-space, and in this sense, take into consideration not only the concept of “new nomads” (HOFFMAN, 1999), but also the senses of the notion of topology. The topological space-time which presents itself and challenges the new immigrants is not only the local-stop moment and shelter of weird displacement, but also, and mainly, the solo-instant in which other subjectivities assimilate and embody other identities, or no, and affective references.

Phyto-indication of the reclaimed territories of the EVRAZ ZSMK JSC sludge storage

Sludge storages and tailing dumps, as an integral part of the man-caused landscape, occupy a special place in the framework of field research on the reclamation of disturbed lands. At the reclaimed territories of man-caused origin, various technological, mechanical, physical and chemical methods used to prevent their negative impact on the environment. Those include improving waste storage by grain size or physical and chemical composition, alteration the state of storage products through briquetting and granulation, arranging obstacles to prevent dust spreading or solid coating with a non-dusting material, creating a protective layer using foam or hydro-dedusting to stabilize the dusting surface. However, the most environmentally efficient is the creation of protective vegetation cover on industrial waste. The biological method is of particular relevance due to the phyto-toxicity of the man-caused substrate of sludge storages and the difficulties of creating a sustainable plant cover on them. Taking into account the production and environmental characteristics of waste sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK, JSC, as part of biological monitoring, the physiological state assessed and the chemical composition of plants growing on the reclaimed areas of this man-caused object analyzed. Within a field experiment, the physiological parameters of woody plants studied at the sludge storage of EVRAZ ZSMK. The results obtained indicate their adaptive capabilities, despite the high daily temperature during the growing season, the lack of moisture, the lack of optimal mineral nutrition. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the use of sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants on the sludge storage substrate as the main soil conditioner given. It was shown that their use at waste of sludge storages of EVRAZ ZSMK JSC couldn’t be considered as a source of additional pollution during remediation activities. At that, the content of nutrients in the formed man-caused areas increases, which ensures survival and long-term growth of vegetation. Selection of the species composition of seeded herbs (grasses) determined by their resistance to extreme conditions and soil-improving properties, which allows to form a steady phytocenosis for a short time period under conditions of unfavorable mancaused impact of metallurgical production waste, which can most positively affect the ecological state of the Novokuznetsksuburban area.

La Enfermedad Periodontal como riesgo de la enfermedad sistemática

Recibido: 23 de abril de 2019Aprobado: 24 de mayo de 2019La cavidad oral que hospeda numerosas poblaciones bacterianas también podría participar como un territorio de origen para la difusión de microorganismos patógenos a diferentes sitios del cuerpo, particularmente en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, pacientes, ancianos o personas desfavorecidas. El presente artículo de revisión sobre publicaciones recientes que han investigado el por qué los pacientes con enfermedades periodontales estén más propensos a la endotoxemia metabólica, inflamación, obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 y otras complicaciones sistémicas vinculadas, concluyendo que las enfermedades periodontales podrían ser un factor de riesgo potencial para una amplia gama de enfermedades clínicas. Importantes enfermedades sistémicas Por consiguiente, Los mecanismos por los cuales ocurre este daño bidireccional se están explorando con una visión concéntrica para desarrollar estrategias que puedan prevenir o controlar las complicaciones de estas dolencias. Este artículo intenta resumir e hipotetizar los diversos mecanismos que sugieren una cierta conexión entre las dos situaciones crónicas prevalentes.

SELOS DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE QUALIDADE E ORIGEM: PARA ONDE VÃO AS PRODUÇÕES ALIMENTARES TRADICIONAIS?

A introdução de processos industriais no sistema agroalimentar ocasionou um distanciamento entre os alimentos e os seus territórios de origem. O “substitucionismo” impôs uma produção em grande escala em um contexto concorrencial. O tema tem sido objeto de críticas e de revisão, por força de uma crise da “qualidade” da produção, onde se propaga o uso de ferramentas de identificação, certificação e proteção da qualidade agroalimentar. Durante a realização do doutorado sanduíche no Centre Ressources des Terroirs (França), conhecemos experiências relativas aos selos de identificação de qualidade e origem (SIQO). Estes contribuem para ampliar o mercado dos produtos alimentares tradicionais, valorizando o trabalho dos pequenos artesãos e de suas práticas “naturais”. Porém, apesar dos aspectos positivos dessas estratégias, elas exigem um grau de organização da comunidade e padronização dos processos e produtos que muitas vezes inibem e limitam seu uso.

News from the Old Country: Media Consumption by the Basque Diaspora in the United States

This study analyzes the ways in which the Basque diaspora community in the United States consumes news media from their home origin. Using survey data collected from over 400 Basque-Americans with varying generations (first, second, third, etc.), we explore the ways in which surveyed individuals consume media from their ancestral territory of origin, in this case, the Basque Country of Spain and France. This research is exploratory and descriptive of the media habits and behavior of individuals with Basque origins. We find that significant shifts in media consumption occur between first generation immigrants and those beyond the second generation. As we move across generations, we observe that individuals shift from engagement with home-origin media to engagement with Basque cultural activities, such as dancing clubs. Our study suggests that the importance of digital media from the homeland is growing, but that most consumption of information by the Basque diaspora is through social networks. Our findings also suggest that, among those who continue to consume home-origin media, it is mainly through readership of national newspapers (in this case, from Spain) rather than local newspapers (from the Basque Country). This article enriches our understanding of the media habits of the Basque diaspora and raises questions for future research about the effect of transnational media consumption on the political, social and economic behavior of immigrants in the United States.

Prospective Study of Crowdfunding

This article aims to promote the mobilization of investments of the Moroccan ethnicity in the field of innovative entrepreneurshipto serve the sustainable and inclusive development of their territories of origin through crowdfunding or solidarity financing.

News from the Old Country: Media Consumption by the Basque Diaspora in the United States

This study analyzes the ways in which the Basque diaspora community in the United States consumes news media from their home origin. Using survey data collected from over 400 Basque-Americans with varying generations (first, second, third, etc.), we explore the ways in which surveyed individuals consume media from their ancestral territory of origin, in this case, the Basque Country of Spain and France. This research is exploratory and descriptive of the media habits and behavior of individuals with Basque origins. We find that significant shifts in media consumption occur between first generation immigrants and those beyond the second generation. As we move across generations, we observe that individuals shift from engagement with home-origin media to engagement with Basque cultural activities, such as dancing clubs. Our study suggests that the importance of digital media from the homeland is growing, but that most consumption of information by the Basque diaspora is through social networks. Our findings also suggest that, among those who continue to consume home-origin media, it is mainly through readership of national newspapers (in this case, from Spain) rather than local newspapers (from the Basque Country). This article enriches our understanding of the media habits of the Basque diaspora and raises questions for future research about the effect of transnational media consumption on the political, social and economic behavior of immigrants in the United States.

Ancient Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties of Tuscany Have High Contents of Bioactive Compounds

The Tuscan Region has a vast repertoire of ancient plants that have been recovered across the territory over the years. These plants thrive in an environment characterized by minimal human intervention and are thus the result of the process of adaptation to the territory of origin. In this work, we focused on the quantification of bioactive compounds in ancient tomato varieties. More specifically, we quantified polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C in eight local Tuscan tomato varieties and found higher contents with respect to those in commercial tomatoes Polyphenol and antioxidant compounds in ancient varieties reported a two- and, in some instances, three-fold increase in concentration, compared to the commercial counterparts. Interestingly, the data relative to the carotenoids did not show any significant differences when comparing the ancient varieties with the commercial ones, a finding confirming the market selection criterion based on color. On a longer-term perspective, this study aims at drawing attention to the importance of preserving autochthonous natural plant biodiversity and towards promoting research on local varieties. We believe that this study will pave the way to the valorization of local plant biodiversity and promote an extended use of products in the nutraceutical sector derived from vegetables.

Nostalgia film tourism and its potential for destination development

ABSTRACTCinematic nostalgia can influence visitors in choosing destinations where particular films have been made or shot. Focusing on the case of Hong Kong this study investigated the incidence of nostalgia amongst Taiwanese filmgoers, and whether this generates feelings of familiarity that induce subsequent travel intentions. As an input to potentially wide-ranging destination experiences, it is found that nostalgia film tourism provides tourists with psychological benefits and constitutes a destination experience that is responsive to the ambient surroundings. The researchers identified five film nostalgia domains, namely: memories of backdrops, stories and movie stars, mimicking, envy, and culture and history. Memories of backdrops and mimicking were found to be the best predictors of perceived familiarity with the films’ origin territory and of future travel intentions. Given the continuing preference for “blockbusters” amongst contemporary filmgoers and the faddishness of audience preferences, there is some risk that fading memories may cause film destinations to lose their appeal. Film nostalgia nevertheless provides a potential medium to maintain the profile of destinations which have served as film locations.

Agrobiotechnology Goes Wild: Ancient Local Varieties as Sources of Bioactives.

The identification and use of species that have best adapted to their growth territory is of paramount importance to preserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Parameters including resistance to natural conditions (biotic and abiotic risk factors), biomass and fruit productivity, and phytochemical content with nutraceutical potential, could be used as quantitative markers of the adaptability of plants to wild environments characterized by minimal human impact. Ancient varieties, which are plant varieties growing in regional territories and not destined for market distribution, are a source of unique genetic characters derived from many years of adaptation to the original territory. These plants are often more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these varieties have a high phytochemical (also known as bioactives) content considered health-beneficial. Notably, the content of these compounds is often lower in commercial cultivars. The use of selected territorial varieties according to the cultivation area represents an opportunity in the agricultural sector in terms of biodiversity preservation, environmental sustainability, and valorization of the final products. Our survey highlights the nutraceutical potential of ancient local varieties and stresses the importance of holistic studies (-omics) to investigate their physiology and secondary metabolism.

El significado del territorio de San Lucas para las comunidades campesinas que lo habitan

El propósito central de la investigación fue comprender las representaciones y sentidos que las comunidades dan al habitar en la Zona de Reserva Forestal del Río Magdalena en el municipio de El Bagre Antioquia, corregimiento de Puerto López; a través de la perspectiva comprensivo–interpretativa de la hermenéutica utilizando las entrevistas a profundidad y los grupos de discusión como técnicas para la producción de información, aplicadas a mujeres y hombres campesinos que llevan más de 10 años viviendo en la zona. Aunque el conflicto armado causó terror con hechos como desplazamientos, intimidación, destierro, fragmentación social y desconfianza; las comunidades siguen sintiéndose pertenecientes al lugar, pues allí lograron conseguir un pedazo de tierra que consideran suyo –a pesar de la figura jurídica de reserva forestal–, cuentan con los medios de vida para subsistir, construyeron redes sociales y consolidaron un arraigo movido por la identificación con sus territorios de procedencia.

Empires of Charity: Imperial Legitimacy and Profitable Charity in Colonial Spanish America

Abstract This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an ideology of good governance in corporate society. It institutionalized differences across race/caste, urban/rural, professional, gender and other categories in collectives that held part of a layered and fragmented sovereignty. But unlike its modern successor empires and nation states, it did not have to rely systematically on the essentialization of difference. Thus, good governance could legitimize the extension of hegemony beyond the original territory of political legitimization and charity played a central role in this. A material caritative complex sui generis linked the moral economy of charity, which legitimized local elites, with their own financing needs and those of the imperial polity via the financial acumen of religious and charitable institutions.

Aging male loons make a terminal investment in territory defense

Animals that senesce experience a decline in residual reproductive value (RRV), such that old individuals can expect reduced breeding success compared to young ones. According to life history theory, animals with low RRV, which thus have less to lose, should shift resources away from self-maintenance and towards reproduction, an expectation called terminal investment. In a population of common loons whose survival and territorial behavior were measured throughout life, males 14 years and older exhibited clear senescence, as they showed lower survival, reduced body mass, and far greater susceptibility to territorial eviction than younger males. While older males invested no more effort than young males in feeding or protecting their chicks, they increased territorial yodeling by 35%, showed more aggression towards territorial intruders, and, following eviction from original territories, resettled with great frequency on vacant, unproductive territories nearby. Our findings thus provide support for terminal investment in territorial behavior. Hyper-aggressive behavior by old, declining males might explain the unusual occurrence of lethal combat for territories in this species. Life history theory holds that animals that decline with age should invest less energy in staying alive and more in reproduction when they become old, because they have less to lose in doing so. Evidence for such terminal investment, however, is scanty. We measured rates of survival and territorial behavior in a known-age population of common loons and found that males, but not females, suffered a decrease in survival rate and ability to hold a territory after age 14. At the same time, territorial males older than 14 behaved more aggressively and were more apt to give a territorial yodel call towards territorial intruders. Hence, our study appears a rare example of terminal investment in aggressive behavior, whereby old, declining males cling desperately to their territories in hopes of producing a few more offspring before they die.