Territory Of Modern Ukraine Research Articles

ПРАВОВА РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЯ ЗЛОЧИНІВ ПРОТИ ОСНОВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ (ДЕРЖАВИ) ТА ПОКАРАНЬ ЗА ЇХНЄ ВЧИНЕННЯ В ПЕРШІ РОКИ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВЛАДИ

Метою статті є проведення історико-правового аналізу порядку правового регулювання злочинів та покарань проти основ національної безпеки (держави) з моменту становлення радянської влади і в перші роки розвитку радянської правової системи.

Viceroyalty system in the Dnieper Ukraine (1780–1796): historiography of the topic

Introduction. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the exercise of state power in Ukraine. Examples are the special order of local self-government in separate regions of two Ukrainian regions, discussions about introduction of the prefect institute, etc. These factors make the study of this historical experience relevant. Viceroyalty as an administrative-territorial unit were introduced throughout the Russian Empire in the process of administrative reform of Catherine II. This reform aimed at separating the courts from the administration, the electoral status of the state bodies, some decentralization and bringing the authorities closer to the population. However, the viceroys had virtually unlimited power in all areas. The aim of the article. The article is aimed on historiographcal overview of the of the viceroyalty system. Results. The article looks at pre-revolutionary sources on relevant topics that began to appear at the end of the eighteenth century, exploring the Soviet and modern periods. The article also presents the work of foreign researchers. The greatest number of works belongs to the modern period, and it is obvious. Among these sources, special attention is paid to the works related to the functioning of various elements of the administrative reform of Catherine II in the territory of modern Ukraine. These are works related to the coverage of the processes of transformation of Ukrainian autonomy into one of the imperial peripheral territories. Сonclusions. Analysis of the historiography and characteristic of the source base shows that a considerable number of sources have been accumulated in Ukraine and abroad. At the same time, it should be noted that there is still no complex historical legal study on relevant topics, which leads to further in-depth study of the viceroyalty system, to use historical experience, in particular, in modern processes of administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine.

ХОДЯЧИЕ ПОКОЙНИКИ В ЖИЗНИ ВОСТОЧНЫХ СЛАВЯН: «MAGIA POSTHUMA» В ДРЕВНЕЙ РУСИ И ВАМПИРИЗМ В ДОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ РОССИИ

From the period of Kievan Rus, there is earlier evidence of the belief in vampires than was found in the supposed homeland of vampires in southeastern Europe. The premise of this belief is the universal idea that after death, the soul is separated from the body. In the popular imagination, when the separation of the soul from the body of the deceased was not done peacefully or burial rites were not observed, making it possible to go to another world, this could lead to the return of the deceased, often in the form of a demonic entity. The old Russian word "upir" fell out of use in the Moscow state. However, it survived on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Union and reappeared on the territory of modern Ukraine and Belarus as part of the Russian Empire. Therefore, the article discusses the question of how the belief in the walking dead was formed in Ancient Rus and in pre-revolutionary Russia. Initially, the harmful effects of these restless corpses were seen as the cause of epidemics such as plague and cholera, or droughts that led to hunger. Later, when it came to preserving traditional moral norms in gender relations, they resorted to the idea of devilish temptation. Nevertheless, from the point of view of Latin Europe, all forms of magic and superstition that contradicted the Enlightenment were considered barbaric and typical of the supposedly backward world of Slavs and Orthodoxy. The article develops the ideas formulated in the author’s book “History of the European myth of vampires”.

Историко-правовые основы и эволюция экономических отношений в Русской Православной Церкви в ХІІ-ХІХ веках: на примере украинских земель

The article discusses the evolution of economic and legal relations in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 12th-19th centuries using the example of business entities in the territory of modern Ukraine. Being centres of crafts and trade, Orthodox monasteries contributed to the improvement of the production of various products, the formation of entire branches of the church manufactory industry. Being large business entities, monasteries, courtyards and cathedrals played a significant role in the economic activity of the Russian Church, as a result of which its power was regulated and limited by the power of Russian tsars and emperors, and after the Bolshevik coup of 1917 it was actually outlawed.

State of scientific research of banditry in the territory of modern Ukraine

State of scientific research of banditry in the territory of modern Ukraine

Development of Legal Regulation of Pension Provision for Servicemen and Their Families on the Territory of Modern Ukraine (XVIII-XX Centuries)

The peculiarities of legal regulation of pension provision of servicemen and their families on the territory of modern Ukraine in the XVIII–XX centuries are investigated. In particular, it has been established that for the first time the right to pension provision was regulated by Peter I in 1720 in the Marine Statute, which provided service pension, disability pension and survivor’s pension. It was also determined that during the royal period, the provision of pensions was not properly arranged. The new pension system for servicemen began to be built up after the overthrow of the tsarist regime, which was the reason for the October Revolution of the Bolsheviks, but it was far from perfect. Consolidation of the right to pension, its types and conditions of appointment at the normative level did not mean the receipt of pensions. From 1919 till 1924, pension provision for servicemen and their families on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR developed as a republican, in accordance with the regulations of the normative legal acts adopted by the SNK of the UkrSSR, and from 1924, all-Union bodies were formed, therefore further legislation, in particular the one that concerned pension provision, has developed not as a republican, but as all-union. It was also found out that despite the fact that in the period of the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period, the social security of servicemen in general, and pensions in particular, were placed in priority areas, their financial situation and members of their families were at a very low level. It has been established that a number of features of retirement provision for servicemen and members of their families, established in pre-Soviet and Soviet periods, have survived to the present. In particular, it is relevant to types of pensions, stimulation of a later retirement, and differentiation of the size of the pension depending on the disability group, etc.

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF UKRAINE'S INFORMATION SECURITY UNDER HYBRID WARFARE

The article deals with the problem of providing a unified information policy and the formation of a single information space in the territory of modern Ukraine in the context of escalating threats, faced by our state in the humanitarian sphere, Analysis of the peculiarities of the information-propaganda defining component of modern wars on the example of Russian Federation aggression in Ukraine. The disclosure of this issue in the context of the presented work is caused by the need of a scientific generalization of an existing theoretical and practical operational experience which should help clarify issues not reflected in open domestic and have no thorough, systematic analysis of the aforementioned wars and threats. Solving a certain problem will help ensure the national security of Ukraine through timely decision-making to prevent and eliminate the threats of the so-called "hybrid war". Impossible in modern conditions is to maintain frontal aggressive warfare, the use of weapons of mass destruction. This explains the spread of information wars. They achieve political objectives through global (strategic) psychological operations to shape the positive attitude of the international community to such actions, through the implementation of the psychological treatment of the conflict region, which are subjected to servicemen and the people of enemy.

Military art of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and other Cossack colonels in 1648–1651: achievements, defects and inconsolable finale

Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s uprising was a turning point in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Common-wealth, and historians appropriately consider 1648 the point that separates its glory days from its decline. The Commonwealth’s losses at Korsun, Pyliavtsi, Batih etc. and their de facto ‘capitulations’ at Zboriv and Zhvanetz proved not only the crisis of the old Polish military art but also how complicated the socio-economic situation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had become. Attempts to solve the ‘Cossack question’ in a peaceful way were neither far-sighted nor brave enough. At the same time, attempts to reform the state failed because of the Civil war (Lubomirski’s rokosz) of 1665–1666. Cossack Ukraine (Hetmanshchyna) was also going through difficult times: de facto independence from the Commonwealth that they achieved in 1649 was nominally lost in 5 years. After a short-lived upturn, lack of reforms, which were practically impossible under the conditions of the never-ending wars, and lack of will on behalf of Hetmans that followed Khmelnytsky, led to the quick stagnation of the Cossack military art. The main purpose of this article was to demonstrate the evolution of the military art of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the other Cossack colonels, as well as to analyse their successes and mistakes during 1648–1651. Additionally, the reasons behind the great Cossack-Tatar victories during the first years of the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky were outlined. At the end I explain why the great victories of 1648–1651, as well as the whole complex of socio-economic-political changes that took place on the territory of modern Ukraine since the mid 17th century ended in a de facto defeat. Article received 10.03.2019

Magistrate’s Courts in the Criminal Justice System

The article is dedicated to the historical development of the institution of the magistrate’s courts in Ukraine and in the world. The paper describes the appearance of the first magistrate’s courts in the judicial system. The analysis of legislation of European countries regarding the legal status of magistrates is performed and the authority of magistrate’s courts in punitive proceedings is explored. The development of magistrate’s courts on the territory of modern Ukraine in the 19th century was reviewed. The question was raised about the introduction of magistrates in the current Ukrainian judicial system.

Lithuanian Time in Some Details of Written and Material Cultures of Ukraine

The times after the Mongolic-Tatar hordes of Batu Khan invasion led to many cardinal changes in the life of the Eastern Slavs, and primarily in the south of their oecumene — the territory of modern Ukraine. Simultaneously, with joining the Golden Horde, the inhabitants of many regions began to gradually fall under the influence of the new European state entity — the “Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia”. Namely, in the structures of the latter the autochthons felt themselves more comfortable than under the rule of Chingissids. The “Lithuanian stage” itself dates back to the times between 1362 — the time of the combined forces battle led by Prince Algirdas and the Horde “princes” and the time of the Lublin Seim (1569), by which Ukrainian lands became a part of the Polish Crown, which then united with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the “Commonwealth of Poland” (“Union of Lublin”). Although the Lithuanian penetration to the south had already begun in the post-Mongol period. The available information (both archaeological and written sources) allows in a significant degree of new points dealing processes associated with the expansion of Lithuanian dominance in the south of Eastern Europe, as well as with changes in the status of individual settlements — primarily the old capital of Kyiv at the Middle Dnieper. Regarding material culture, it should be noted, first of all, a qualitative breakthrough in military affairs (weapons system, fortifications), the manufacturing of ceramic products, etc. In addition, it became possible to talk in a new way about the essence of the medieval East European city that was associated with the specifics of the agrarian feudal society as a whole and the East Slavic version in particular. This, in turn, allows reconsidering the old wording “the city is the center of craft and trade”, which dominated throughout the Soviet era. In general, it is necessary to state that the post-Mongolian-Cossack archaeological sites, in comparison with the early Slavic-Old Rus, are much less studied. It is necessary to pay attention to this fact in the further planning of medieval research topics.

WAYS TO IMPROVE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL POLICE TO ENSURE THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF MAN AND CITIZEN

Formulation of the problem. The issue of regulating the protection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms by the National Police of Ukraine has come a long way in its formation and development. Issues of legislation in the sphere of protection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms, which acted on the territory of Ukrainian lands within the territory of modern Ukraine, were adopted by different subjects, had different legal force, tasks, updated depending on the development of social relations. In modern legal science, the problem of ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen by the National Police has several areas – it is the legislative support for such activities and the competencies of the National Police to ensure public order and public security. To date, a new regulatory act, the Law on National Police, has been adopted.Objective: To determine the optimal directions for improving the activities of the National Police to ensure the rights and freedoms of the individual and citizen as a component of public security. The article deals with the problem of organizational and legal improvement of the activities of the National Police in the field of ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms.The authors suggestions on methodological, scientific and organizational mechanisms of improvement processes are presented. The category of public security is presented as an integral part of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The levels of the process of improvement are determined, as a result of which the concept of a service state as an element of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen by law enforcement bodies is formed.The algorithm for developing a mechanism for providing public security consists of several basic levels.The first level defines the «scientific» concept of «the phenomenon of public security of Ukraine» as an element of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the following areas: a) determining levels of mechanism for ensuring public safety in the activities of the National Police; b) structuring and modeling the interaction of law enforcement structures within the framework of ensuring public safety; c) optimization of models of ensuring public safety from the standpoint of the activities of the National Police in the field of the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms.The second level determines the possibility for theoretical and practical experiments on modeling in the field of public safety: a) options for changing existing models of public safety; b) integration of new elements into the existing mechanism of ensuring public safety; c) the probability of a variation element and the probability of negative results.The third level is practical; it defines the final versions of the implementation of changes in the current model of ensuring public security in Ukraine: a) legislative support; b) public safety management and management; c) the definition of processes of optimal relations in the management and competence of individual units of the National Police.The main result of the implementation of the mechanism of ensuring public security in Ukraine should be the reduction of losses of elements of public security of Ukraine in the occurrence and functioning of situations of threats and dangers, reduction of the level of economic losses and compensation of losses to physical and legal persons caused by the public security of Ukraine, stabilization of the structure of public security of Ukraine on influence various threats and dangers on the activity of public security of Ukraine, establishment of the level of «security stability» of the whole structure publicly of Ukraine’s security to overcome the direct impact of the dangers and threats in the activity of certain subjects of public security of Ukraine in the risk of professional and non-professional nature, reducing the level of influence of the dangers and threats to Ukraine’s social security in relation to other subjects of law in the system of social and public counteraction offense and crime.

КОНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗМ XIX – ПОЧАТКУ XX СТ. У ВИКЛАДАННІ «ІСТОРІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ І ПРАВА УКРАЇНИ»

History of State and law of Ukraine can be considered as one of the leading academic disciplines to modern lawyers. Its purpose is to familiarize professionals with the historical experience of the development of statehood on the territory of modern Ukraine that directly or indirectly impacts the current status and the quality of the public authority in our country, the relationship between the State and citizens, the situation in Ukraine in the international arena, its image in the world, etc.The role of history of State and law of Ukraine here is mapping the processes of historical evolution of human relationships and the State of modern Ukrainian territory. This includes compliance with State rights, in particular political ones, struggle of people for their rights through both peaceful and violent way (through armed revolt against the authorities) etc. In this connection, we think that the evolution of public authority as a result of the struggle of people for their rights should be displayed in training courses and researches on history of State and law.The purpose of the article: coverage of the history of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine in XIX – early XX centuries.The task: disclosure of the relationship between the history of State and law and constitutional law of Ukraine through the analysis of the content of the constitutions for the then population of Ukrainian lands in various states.Findings from this research and prospects for further research in this field: 1. Teaching history of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» must conform to the Constitution of Ukraine as the Main Law of the State and the benchmark for social activities. 2. Teaching History of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» gives an opportunity to examine the historical evolution of the idea of limit and self-restriction of State power in favor of its citizens rights. This is not just about the rich historical tradition of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine, but about the ability of our ancestors to live in conditions of observing the rules of the law and maintenance of order in society and the State in civilized ways.3. The prospects of further scientific researches, to our opinion, are the following: a) research of history of constitutionalism is separate states on the territory of modern Ukraine; b) research of separate problems and periods of history of constitutionalism in Ukraine.

Historical and Legal Features for the Development of Legal (Law) Education in 30-40s of the XX Century

Historical and legal features for the development of legal (law) education in the pre-war period on the territory of modern Ukraine, as well as the state of regulatory provision of the educational process in higher educational institutions have been studied. The genesis of Ukrainian legal education has been analyzed and the state of training of legal personnel for state authorities has been characterized. Some features of the University education system and unification policy of the Soviet government have been highlighted. The disadvantages and advantages of the development of legal education in the studied period have been outlined.
 It has been substantiated that on the eve of the Second World War there was the system of University legal education in Ukraine, which emerged on the basis of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Odesa and Chernivtsi Universities. The Soviet model of higher education of the outlined period proved itself to be a system which was accompanied by repression and arbitrariness of the authorities, imposition of Marxist ideology and lawlessness in all spheres of public life, which affected the educational activity of law faculties.
 There were two opposite tendencies in 30s and 40s of the XX century: on the one hand, the return to University legal education, the normative consolidation and streamlining of the educational process, the increase in the quantitative indicators of the training of lawyers for various sectors of the national economy; on the other hand, the reorganization of a number of higher educational institutions, including those which had law faculties and emerged in independent Ukraine after 1917, namely the Kyiv Ukrainian People’s University and the Ukrainian State University in Kamianets-Podilskyi, and unjustified Stalinist repression, the imposition of Marxist ideology.

Академік О. І. Душечкін – вчений-агрохімік, ґрунтознавець, фізіолог рослин: історіографія проблеми

В умовах національного відродження серед дослідників науки і техніки особливо посилюється інтерес до вивчення науково-організаційної, педагогічної і громадської діяльності вчених, які жили і працювали на теренах сучасної України. Настала пора об’єктивно оцінити внесок кожної особистості в розвиток вітчизняної науки, повернути із забуття видатних українських вчених, усебічно вивчити і оцінити їх наукову спадщину. Метою дослідження є аналіз наукового доробку дослідників з питань комплексного аналізу життєвого шляху і професійно-наукового доробку вченого-агрохіміка, ґрунтознавця, фізіолога рослин, академіка Душечкіна Олександра Івановича. Відповідно до мети автором поставлені такі дослідницькі завдання: виявити і проаналізувати праці, що стосуються проблеми; визначити й обґрунтувати їх наукову цінність для вивчення питання наукової спадщини видатного вченого-агрохіміка, ґрунтознавця і фізіолога рослин О. І. Душечкіна, що водночас розширює горизонти пізнання закономірностей розвитку агрохімічної науки, окреслює і поглиблює її окремі аспекти; структурувати праці за тематикою дослідження. Здійснено історіографічний аналіз досліджуваної проблеми, який показав, що існуючі праці недостатньо повно відтворюють наукову, організаційну роботу та педагогічну діяльність О. І. Душечкіна в галузі агрохімічної науки на тлі суспільного економічного життя ХІХ-ХХ ст. Зокрема, з’ясовано відсутність ґрунтовного дослідження з даної проблеми та виявлена певна фрагментарність історіографічних розвідок, що і висуває на перший план важливість опрацювання більш широкої джерельної бази, насамперед комплексу архівних документів, як основи для вивчення агрохімічної науки кінця ХІХ – другої половини ХХ ст. та внеску в її становлення і розвитку академіка О. І. Душечкіна. У результаті історико-наукового аналізу наукової думки з проблеми дослідження, проаналізовано та систематизовано пошук попередніх дослідників, виявлено та обґрунтовано напрямки, що потребують більш детального вивчення та аналізу.

КОНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗМ У ВИКЛАДАННІ «ІСТОРІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ І ПРАВА УКРАЇНИ» (ДОМОДЕРНИЙ ПЕРІОД)

History of State and law of Ukraine can be considered as one of the leading academic disciplines for modern lawyers. Its purpose is to familiarize professionals with the historical experience of the development of statehood on the territory of modern Ukraine that directly or indirectly impacts the current status and the quality of the public authority in our country, the relationship between the State and citizens, the situation in Ukraine in the international arena, its image in the world, etc. The role of history of State and law of Ukraine here is mapping the processes of historical evolution of human relationships and the State of modern Ukrainian territory. This includes compliance with State rights, in particular political struggle of people for their rights both peacefully and violently (through armed revolt against the authorities) etc. In this connection, training courses and research on history of State and law of Ukraine should pay significant attention to the evolution of public authorities as a result of the struggle of people for their rights.Thus, the purpose of the article is to cover the history of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine in premodern period of development of the Ukrainian State and law. The task is to disclose the relationship of history of State and law and constitutional law of Ukraine through the analysis of the content of State legislative acts, which served as constitutions for the population that inhabited Ukrainian lands at that time in various states.Thus, below we specify our findings from the current research and prospects of further research:1. Teaching History of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» must conform to the Constitution of Ukraine as the Main Law of the State and the benchmark for social activities.2. Teaching History of constitutionalism in the training course «History of State and law of Ukraine» gives an opportunity to examine the historical evolution of the idea of the limit and self-restriction of State power in favor of the rights of its citizens. It is not just because of the rich historical tradition of constitutionalism on the territory of modern Ukraine, but due to the ability of our ancestors to live in the conditions of observance to the law and maintenance of order in society and the State by civilized ways.3. The prospects of subsequent scientific researches in this field, to our opinion, are the following: a) research of history of constitutionalism in separate states on the territory of modern Ukraine; b) research of certain problems and periods of history of constitutionalism in Ukraine.

Право на свободу мирних зібрань в Україні: еволюція конституційних норм протягом століття

У статті досліджено еволюцію конституційних норм щодо врегулювання здійснення та інституалізації права на свободу мирних зібрань в Україні. Проаналізовано норми чотирьох Конституцій УРСР та Конституції України щодо закріплення права на свободу мирних зібрань і формулювання змісту згаданого права. Зазначено, що розвиток громадянського суспільства суттєво позначатиметься на розумінні та здійсненні права на свободу мирних зібрань, а тому твердити про абсолютну визначеність та усталеність цього правового явища не доречно, оскільки правова практика, законотворчість правозастосування вноситимуть до права на свободу мирних зібрань свої особливості, які можуть набути сталих рис і привести до їх нормативно-правового закріплення.

Separate Aspects of Development of Confidential Collaboration Institute on the Territory of Ukraine in a Soviet Period

A retrospective analysis of the organizational and legal provision of the work with confidents on the territory of modern Ukraine in the Soviet period has been carried out. Normative and legal regulation of the work with confidents during the reign of various Soviet leaders has been outlined. The experimental approaches in the work with secret apparatus, which were used in the 20s of the XX century in the Soviet state, have been revealed. The provision of the principle of offensive and conspiracy in the work of the agents of that time has been outlined. Some organizational and tactical methods of the work with confidents in different years have been revealed, their common and distinctive features have been singled out. The classification of secret apparatus by the categories in different periods of time has been provided. The serious influence of the personalities of the leaders of the Soviet state on the development of the system of secret work in general and the work with confidents, in particular, has been noted. The author has emphasized on the normative and methodological basis of the work with confidents during Stalinist times against the opponents of the regime; the author has noted the wide use of political search. The mechanism of ensuring safety of confidents has been revealed. The peculiarities of the work with confidents in the thaw and standstill periods have been studied. The disadvantages and advantages of the work with secret apparatus during certain time intervals have been outlined. The influence of the development of the science of operative and search activity on the system of secret work and its agent component has been also outlined.
 It has been stated that during the entire period of the existence of Soviet power the work with confidents was exclusively regulated by normative and legal acts of limited access and had a clear ideological basis. Only after Ukraine gained independence there were references in open normative and legal acts about the work with confidents, in particular, in laws and regulations. Some examples have been provided. The influence of the Soviet school of operative and search activity on law enforcement systems of the countries of the Socialist camp has been noted.

Statistical Foundation of Historical Facts

In the article the reasonability of using statistics in modeling and prognostication of historical events is substantiated. The usage of statistics in investigation of history is caused by the fact that the development of the sociality is determined by the interaction of different historical events, each of them – from one side – is connected with definite events which took place in the past, and from the other side – forms the events of the future. Thus, history as the object of investigation is the whole set of interconnected elements – events, the behaviour of which can be described with the help of appropriate statistical models.
 In particular, the behaviour of people is determined – first of all – by the biological factors among which the need for food is on the first place. Hypothesis, that the shortage of food is the motive power of historical events, was checked according to the information about the range of events which took place in Ukraine in XVI – XVII centuries. Recurrent 600-year fluctuation of solar activity caused the global negative changes of the climate in Europe and in Ukraine in 1550 – 1650. As a result – regular crop failure and famine, the influence of which for 26,5% of the territory of modern Ukraine (which at that time belonged to Rzecz Pospolita), was increased by the regular forays of Turks and Crimean Tatars.
 The tendency correlation coefficient of 10 main historical events of those times with the “starvation years”, the origin of which was caused by two mentioned above factors, exceeded 85%, and it is quite enough level for not to decline the hypothesis about the interconnection which is being investigated, taking into account the particularities of information which was used.
 The stated supposition and the received results allow to make the conclusions that there were and there always are the objective factors, which cause the historical events, the level of which can be determined and to measure the extent of their influence on the historical events.

Ukraine–Greece Cooperation: Imbued with Common History and Vision

In the interview, Georgios Poukamissas, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Hellenic Republic to Ukraine, provides answers to topical questions in relations between Ukraine and Greece. Mention is made of the linkages of Greece with Ukrainian lands tracing back many centuries, from antiquity to nowadays. Tangible evidence of that are the cities constructed by Greeks in the territory of modern Ukraine. Thus, the Embassy of Greece in Ukraine keeps a vigilant eye on the life of the Greek expatriate community, the majority of which lives on the outskirts of Mariupol. It is specified that the Greeks of Mariupol are rather natives than part of the diaspora, since they are the direct descendants of Crimea (Tavryda) residents from the Middle Ages. Another important fact is that Greece has opened two Consulates-General in Ukraine. It is stressed that Ukraine has to stay committed to its historical and cultural heritage, which will contribute to the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine. Meanwhile, it is mentioned that the Embassy of Greece made major efforts to rejuvenate Byzantine studies in Ukraine. The interview states that economic cooperation between Ukraine and Greece is in need of more initiatives. The volume of bilateral trade of €500 million per year is a far cry from the desirable result; thus, the states have to do their best to improve it. It is said that Mr Ambassador is proud of the achievements Ukraine has achieved in democracy. The developments of 2019 have confirmed that the democratic spirit of Europe is growing ever stronger. Mr Ambassador goes back to Athens but he will miss Kyiv, the true gem of history and architecture. He will also miss the beauty of many other Ukrainian cities and kindness of Ukrainian people, but his heart will bear sweet memories about Ukrainian valleys, boundless plains, and huge heaps of snow in winter. Key words: Greece, tourism, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Greek diaspora, interstate relations.

Організація освітньо-виховного процесу неповнолітніх правопорушників у спеціалізованих установах протягом другої половини ХХ століття

correctional institutions for juvenile offenders, which was produced during the second half of the twentieth century. The paper shows some difficulties of organization of educational process during the Second World War and first postwar years. It is reflected the restructuring process of the network of state educational institutions of the Ukrainian SSR – orphanages, reception centers, labor and educational colonies. It is noted that the process of organizing the correction of juvenile offenders in institutions, which was a system of knowledge, skills, and abilities that students have mastered during training. It is established that educational process was the basis for the comprehensive development of students, the basis for the formation of a socialist worldview, attitudes and beliefs that are consistent with the general collective ideas of education of the second half of the twentieth century. To the educational part consisted of a school and vocational training organization of work in enterprises of correctional institutions. It is scientifically substantiated the feasibility of combination of these two elements in the general structure of social land pedagogical influence on juvenile offenders. It is established the connection of study with labour activity of convicted juveniles. Social and pedagogical education was based on ideological and political orientation aimed at the formation of Patriotic consciousness of young people in the Soviet Union, which was circulated on the territory of modern Ukraine during the Soviet era. Special attention in methodology of reeducation of juvenile delinquents, were given to Patriotic and propaganda work, moral hygiene and moral education. Conduct of political education and mass cultural events was the endorsing link in the whole social and pedagogical work of the specialized agencies. Study of the practice of social education of juvenile offenders in the required age comes to the conclusion that education, formation of certain skills, abilities and knowledge in this profession have been meaningless without the schooling of minors to certain values of society. And the whole social and pedagogical work with juvenile offenders that have occurred in correctional institutions during the second half of the twentieth century, was based on the construction of a small structure of society – the collective of the colony, it was one of the main achievements of the national system of juvenile corrections. Key words: juvenile offenders, social education, school education, vocational education, labor organization, political-educational and cultural-mass work, the penitentiary.