Territory Of City Research Articles

GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS UPON IMPROVEMENT OF HISTORIC CITIES AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC URBAN HERITAGE

In spite of the fact that almost everywhere in the territories of historic cities, under the influence of the shortcomings of landscaping, there is a progressive technogenesis of the geological environment and groundwater, which can lead to the destruction of architectural monuments and historically valuable buildings, this problem remains poorly studied. Given the enormous scale of work on the improvement of the historical territories, which is planned to perform under the national projects and municipal programs, the study of this direction to improve the design methodology and engineering surveys as an objective basis for the development of design decisions, is very relevant. For the historical territories of cities that include architectural monuments and valuable buildings, specialized methods of design and engineering and environmental surveys, geoecological monitoring, including measures to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage, are necessary. The article provides a review of literary sources, analysis of examples, and actual data confirming the impact of landscaping factors on the state of cultural heritage sites (CHS). The most significant in terms of the impact on the geological environment and, accordingly, on the preservation of monuments of architecture are the shortcomings of vertical planning and drainage. In the conditions of high-density housing development, the unsatisfactory improvement can stimulate the processes of underflooding, suffosion, and karst, as well as the general technogenesis of soils, and loss of the bearing capacity of the bases and foundations. Underflooding of basements, “soaking” of walls, and formation of cracks on facades can be observed in architectural monuments and historical buildings. The study summarizes the observations and results obtained by the authors – representatives of various specialties (engineers, geologist, architect-restorer) at various stages of their creative work and takes into account the long experience of OOO “IGBI” on the design of improvement on the historical territories of Moscow.

Territorial Planning of the Coastal Zone Based on Depressed Economic Areas (on the Example of Odessa)

Abstract The article is devoted to the recreational use of the depressed economic territories of coastal cities, using the example of the city of Odessa. As the part of the study, the depressed economic areas of Odessa, located on the Black Sea coast, formed as a result of various factors: economic, technological, etc. were identified and analyzed. Based on the study of international experience redevelopment of abandoned areas, and to identify “recreational potential” of the city of Odessa, the landscape and recreational function have been selected, which will lead to the increase of green areas in the structure of an urban environment and the improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions in residential and coastal areas. The principles, models and methods of functional planning organization of landscape and recreational formations in coastal depressed areas were formulated. This made it possible to use degraded urban areas effectively to create an ecologically clean, comfortable environment for a recreation of the population and the development of domestic tourism.

Studying the Composition and Genesis of Organic Matter in Bottom Sediments of Polluted Small Watercourses in Khabarovsk City Territory

The distribution of organic matter, hydrocarbons, phytopigments, and ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms was studied in the bottom sediments of ten small tributaries of the Amur R. near Khabarovsk. The water showed high concentrations of organic matter, varying from 44.47 to 279.3 mg/L. The concentration of Corg in bottom sediments varied from 1.9 to 23.1% in different types of sediments; the amount of hydrocarbons reached 5081 mg/kg, exceeding the background level by a factor of up to 50. Studies of the molecular composition of hydrocarbons in sediments revealed in some streams the predominance (up to 100% of the total) of light (C8–C13) n-alkanes, typical of oil products and the products of vegetation combustion. High-molecular compounds dominated in HC composition in most watercourses, including n-alkanes, genetically associated with terrestrial vegetation, and heavy fractions of oil products with various levels of microbial degradation. Volatile organic compounds were quantitatively dominated by the products of microbiological transformation (acetaldehyde and methanol). In terms of the concentration of sedimentary pigments (up to 400 µg/g), the sediments of the majority of watercourses belong to the hypereutrophic type. The total abundance of microorganisms in water varied from 2.7 to 488.0 thousand CFU/mL; in sediments, it was distributed symbatically, but ranged from 0.1 to 19.3 million CFU/g. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in bottom sediments correlated with the parameter of overload of the self-purification capacity (r = 0.718), and the number of oil-oxidizing bacteria correlated with hydrocarbon concentration (r = 0.967), thus confirming the indication properties of this bacterial group.

HOUSING TERRITORIES AND THE FINANCIALIZATION OF THE CITY

The issue of housing and the financialization of the city has gained greater notability in contemporary times as the territories of metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities have been deeply impacted by the advance of financialization on a planetary scale. Whether as social demand, shelter, resource, or a monetary commodity, the spaces of housing and the demands for them fray the financialization of the city, contributing to the expansion of differentiation and socio-spatial inequalities, between new and old forms of living and inhabiting the territories of the cities. Considering the breadth and complexity of the respective debate, this essay aims to briefly explain the issue of dwelling and housing from a territorial perspective, therefore geographic, taking into account the housing financialization in the contemporary period. This paper also examines interweaving and correlations amongst territory, housing, and urban financialization, It also unravels some paths associated with territories and urban territorialities in a context of hegemony of financialized capitalism.

Methodological Basis for Assessing the Level of Environmental Safety of the Functioning tf River Water Ecosystems tn Cities

A methodological approach has been developed to assess the level of environmental safety of the functioning of river water ecosystems in an urbanized area, taking into account the real problems characteristic of watercourses and hydraulically connected hydraulic structures. It is concluded that the application of this methodology will make it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current situation and develop an optimal list of measures aimed at improving the sustainability of river natural and technical systems located on the territory of cities.

Influence of buildings’ height and density on climatic indicators of urban environment

The height of buildings and the layout of territories are among the factors influencing various climatic conditions of the city. This area of research is relevant, given the current trend of urbanization of spaces. The conditions formed during the construction and further operation of cities have a significant impact on the condition of a person living in this territory. Also, an important factor is the coverage of the road network. The correctness of the choice of approach to building does not always occur with the accuracy with which it should, which leads to various deviations. There are different types of territory layout: compact, free, group, and mixed. When considering the height of buildings, there are such types as low-rise, medium-rise and high-rise buildings. The city of Krasnodar has historical prerequisites for low-rise buildings, no higher than the crowns of trees. However, with the development of the city, this arrangement of the territory changed to a high-rise one, which affected various living conditions of people. The type of building and the roadbed also affect the temperature regime of the city, as a result of which various deviations from the norms may occur. In the city of Krasnodar, various thermal anomalies are observed due to the heterogeneity of the building. When studying the city's territories and temperature data, various deviations are traced, thanks to which it is clear that in areas with low buildings the temperature is more comfortable for a person, which cannot be said about other areas where taller buildings prevail. It has been established that when studying biospheric conditions on the territory of the city of Krasnodar, the most suitable type of layout is free, and low-rise buildings have a more positive effect on the climate than other types.

Исследование уровня обеспеченности населения российских мегаполисов объектами зеленого строительства

The key task of megacities` sustainable development is creating a comfortable and safe urban environment. Formation of green zones is one of the priority tasks of the modern strategy for the development of Russian cities. Differentiation of green areas makes it possible to assess the quality of the urban environment. Public city parks and parks of culture and recreation are of the greatest interest in this respect, since these facilities occupy the largest share in the balance of the city's territory. The results of studies of the greening of the Russian megacities` territory have made it possible to assess the real level of provision of the population with green building facilities, identify megacities with the smallest area of parks and low density characteristics of landscaping.

ОЦІНКА ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ МІСТА ЧЕРНІГОВА З ПОЧАТКОМ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ РОСІЇ НА ТЕРИТОРІЮ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ecosystem services of the city of Chernihiv after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and to assess the consequences of military actions for the urban space and ecosystem. Methodology. During the writing of the article, the method of analysis and synthesis, analytical, systematic and graphic were used. The informational basis of the study is the scientific work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as the authors' own observations and memories related to the first days of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the damage that was caused to the environment. Results. The impact of military operations on the disruption of ecosystem elements has been studied. Using the example of the city of Chernihiv, the importance of component ecosystem services and the need to preserve them to ensure the balanced development of the city's territory and improve the quality of life of the population is revealed. The main changes and consequences of the Russian aggression, which affected the state of atmospheric air, river systems, soils, and forest areas, are outlined. One of the main environmental problems of the city is analyzed - the accumulation of garbage and the handling of solid household waste. The ecological potential as a vector of the work of the new City Development Concept, which began to be developed immediately after the end of active hostilities in Chernihiv, was considered. Scientific novelty. Chernihiv is one of the largest cities in the north of Ukraine, which Russian troops have been trying to capture since February 24, 2022. Occupying a convenient geographical position determined by the proximity to the capital of the country, it is of strategic importance for the state. In addition, Chernihiv has unique historical-cultural and natural-recreational resources that require protection and appropriate treatment on the part of the population. Russian aggression caused the destruction not only of infrastructure facilities, enterprises, and houses, but also caused damage to the environment, which in some places has catastrophic consequences. Thus, the study of the elements of the ecosystem, the study of the city's ecological problems, and the receipt of ecosystem services require additional attention from scientists, especially after active hostilities. Practical significance. The practical significance of the article is determined by the possibility of using the research results during educational activities to increase the level of environmental culture and education of the population.

«ЭМПОРИЙ – ПОЛИС» в древнем Причерноморье

The article deals with the definition “emporion” in ancient sources about the Black Sea Coast. The author gives different points of view on the character of Greek colonization of the Black Sea region, paying attention to the urbanization in this area and to the process of turning the apoikiai into polis states. He argues with the earlier suggested ideas concerning the emporion stage of colonization, its bilateral character and the possible common participation of barbarians and Greeks in founding colonies. The background position of the author is as follows: apoikia is not a polis in common sense. Apoikiai and poleis belong to different social-economic and social and political definitions. Аpoikia is a community of colonists whose social development was still much lower than that of the polis state while the Greek polis achieved a high level of civic community with a developed system of power, governing and administration. Тrading activity could be carried out through the apoikia, i.e. it could take the function of emporion but exclusively as private initiation of commercial people – emporoi. Though it was not emporion as a settlement. Polis trade was always under control of civic administration and the traders (merchants, emporoi) were defended by the state and its legislative system – polis laws, including asylia, ateleia, politeia etc. That is why emporia in poleis were functioning as city blocks, quarters, markets, piers, harbours as parts of polis (city state) or as separate units – harbours, ports, minor towns, komai etc. outside the city territory but indispensably on polis chora – adjacent or distant. The term emporion has different sence though always concerns trade and commerce. It is often used in relation to the large cities – poleis like Phasis, Tomae, Dioscurias, Panticapaeum, Phanagoreia which were engaged in active intermediary trade and export-import exchange. Such cities used their own harbours and ports to carry goods to local inhabitants and back from them to Aegis or Pontus through sites on chora or at a distance from their own places. Such kind of settlements were founded or created in course of developing polis structures like reclaiming chora and forming state administration. The Hellenic poleis in West Pontic region often founded trading stations and commercial sites at a distance from their own territories, That is why we find no kind of emporia there but other terms to be used for attributing these sites though they were functioning like classical emporia. But in case with Panticapaeum, for example, we come across some emporia in the Lower Don area and the greatest among them called Tanais. Named initially as Emporion (?) it became autonomous and turned into a kind of civic community with ancient emporion to be included into its structure of polis type. So, the term “emporia” was embraced on ports, markets, harbours, places for trading operations and committing commercial agreements, separated blocks for traders’ everyday life etc. They could have been arranged in large cities and minor poleis. We find the term “emporion” as relevant to the colonists’ communities which didn’t achieve the level of apoikiai and poleis as well as in terms of harbours in far-distant lands or at a close distance from the cities in barbaric hinterland like Pistiros in the Kingdom of Odryssae. On the Southern Coast of the Black Sea empoiria were founded chiefly on the polis chora of Heraclea Pontica, Sinope or Trapezous. They were incorporated into polis structure but not earlier than these cities obtained agrarian periphery. The main reason of this research is that emporia could hardly been arranged before the Greek colonies appeared in the region, they were created already after their foundation mostly during the process of polis development.

Toxicoepidemiology of Posioning Cases in South India

Background: Poisoning is a major preventable cause of mortality in a developing Middle Income Country likeIndia. Different types of poisons lead to death. Cases of poisoning can be suicidal or homicidal with paramountMedico Legal Importance.Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the toxico-epidemiology of poisoning deaths inthe geographical territory of Hyderabad city, India.Materials and Methods: This Prospective Observational study included 396 poisoning death cases which wereexamined at the mortuary of Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. Data regarding case demographics andpoisoning agent was collected and analyzed. Data was collected in MS Excel and represented as numbers andpercentages in the form of tables and figures.Results: Males cases were predominant accounting to 67.4% of the total. The most common age groups were 21-30years followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years. 95.7% of the cases succumbed to known poisoning agents whereasthe rest 4.3% were of unknown poisoning agents. Insecticidal poisoning was the most common cause of death.Among insecticidal poisoning and overall, the most common poisoning was Organophosphate poisoning.Conclusion: The results of this study will help the doctors and governmental agencies in devising appropriatetreatment and prevention strategies in poisoning cases.

Spatial distribution of 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra, 232Th in soils of Olenegorsk city (Murmansk region)

The goal of the study is obtain original data and identify the main patterns of spatial distribution of radionuclides in the soils of Olenegorsk, depending on zoning and urban development, focusing one specific activity of 137Cs and natural radionuclides, namely 232Th, 226Ra, 40K, in soils. Such studies of urban soils in Olenegorsk have not been carried out earlier. Location and time of the study. Soil samples in the city of Olenegorsk, Murmansk region, were collected in the summer of 2018. Methods. Soil samples were collected at 24 study sites on the territory of the Olenegorsk city from the upper 0-5 cm layer. Under laboratory conditions, the samples were dried at 105° C to constant mass. Then soil aliquots were placed in a Marinelli vessel to measure isotope specific activity using gamma spectrometry. Registration of gamma radiation from a countable soil sample, as well as processing of spectra, was carried out using the Progress-gamma software and hardware complex FVKM.412131.002-03. Calibration of the gamma spectrometer by energy to monitor the safety of the installation parameters was carried out after each measurement using a combined control source OISN-137-1 in a 1-liter Marinelli vessel. The minimum exposure time for the counting sample was 3600 seconds. However, depending on the activity of a sample, the exposure time in individual samples with weak activity was increased. Main results: The maximal specific activity of 137Cs in urban soils of Olenegorsk was 47.5 Bq/kg in the northwestern part of the city in the undisturbed soils of the natural landscape. Maximal values of 40K specific activity reached 293.8 Bq/kg in the central and south-eastern parts of the city within the boundaries of multi-storey residential district. The maximal specific activity of 226Ra in soils reached 14.6, and that of 232Th reached 12.2 Bq/kg, being confined to soils in the area of high-rise and mid-rise buildings, most likely, due to the differential vegetation density since the latter easily involves 40K into the biotic turnover. Maximal values of soil 226Ra and 232Th specific activity (14.6 and 12.2, respectively) were determined in areas with multi-storey and mid-rise buildings. The correlation analysis between the radionuclides and soil skeleton particles (≥2 mm) and finer (≤ 1 mm) fractions showed rather close association of radionuclides with soil skeleton and <45 µm particles, as well as a moderately strong correlation with the 45 µm fraction. Moderately strong correlation was found between 232Th and 226Ra, and between 40K and soil skeleton particles. Conclusion. The obtained data about the accumulation of 137Cs and natural radionuclides (232Th, 226Ra, 40K) in the soils of Olenegorsk do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, characteristic of the urbanized areas of the Murmansk region.

ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION BY PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10, PM2.5) AND RISK FOR HUMAN HEALTH CAUSED BY WAR ACTIONS.

The aim: To assess pollution level of ambient air (РМ10, РМ2.5), related to war actions on the territory of Kyiv city and the region for prioritization of medical and environmental problems hazard assessments for the human health. Materials and methods: Physical and chemical methods of analysis (РМ10, РМ2.5 - gas analyzers APDA-371, APDA-372 HORIBA); human health risk assessment; statistical data processing methods (StatSoft STATISTICA 10.0 portable, Microsoft® Excel 2019). Results: There were found unusually high average daily levels of ambient air pollution: РМ10 - in March (125.5 μg/m3) and August (99.3 μg/m3); РМ2.5 - in March (108.2 μg/m3), May (23.3 μg/m3), June (24.6 μg/m3) and August (27.1 μg/m3), which were primarily due to the conduct of active war actions and their consequences (fires, rocket attacks) and intensified in the spring-summer period adverse weather conditions. Possible social losses of the population in the form of additional deaths due to inhalation of PM10 and PM2.5, the maximum could be in the range of eight cases per 10,000 people to seven cases per 100 people. Conclusions: Conducted research can be used to assess the determination of damage and losses caused to the ambient air and the human health of Ukraine as a result of military actions; justification of the adaptation measures choice (environmental protection and preventive direction) and reducing health-related costs.

Historie brněnského pivovarnictví od zrušení propinace do první světové války

The study attempts to identify the basic factors that shaped the development of the brewing industry in Brno from the second half of the 19th century to the First World War. The abolition of the propination law in 1869 is particularly important, as it freed up the market and allowed investors to freely establish new breweries. In particular, the study analyses the development of První brněnský akciový pivovar a sladovna [First Brno Stock Brewery and Malt House], which is known today as the Starobrno brewery, the only industrial brewery still operating in the city. A significant part is also devoted to the competing Moravia brewery and others within the territory of today's city. The history of the Brno brewing industry was shaped by founding fever on the one hand and by competitive pressure tempered by cartelization on the other.

Study of traffic noise exposure on street and road networks in a megapolis

The article analyses the regularities of the acoustic impact of motor transport on the inhabited territory of a large city. It is noted that noise from motor transport has a noticeable negative impact on human health, especially in large cities, industrial centres and transport hubs. The results of field research on automobile noise level are presented in sections of a road network of a large city characterised by a high level of road accidents. Accident sites are shown to be characterised by high values of the equivalent level of sound and exposure to traffic noise. The values of equivalent sound level in the investigated sections during the period of maximum intensity of traffic significantly exceed the maximum permissible level. Exposure values of vehicular noise to which road users as well as residents of nearby neighbourhoods are exposed on the studied sections of the street and road network vary in the range from 1-3 to 320 Pa2∙s. The results of the correlation and regression analysis are presented. Measures are proposed to reduce the degree of acoustic load caused by road transport in the residential area.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ГІДРОАКУСТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ ПІД ЧАС ГЕОХІМІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ РОЗПОДІЛУ ЗАБРУДНЮВАЧІВ У ПОВЕРХНЕВОМУ ШАРІ ДОННИХ ВІДКЛАДІВ

The article presents the results obtained during the long-term field studies of the characteristics of the sedimentary matter metal-containing component distribution within the territories of industrial cities, in particular, Zaporizhia city. Based on field contact and remote studies, one of the aspects of the problem was studied, namely the peculiarities of iron concentrations distribution in the surface layer of bottom sediments of the Dnipro river. Key practical approaches to the application of a new complex method of field observations are outlined, which combine the possibilities of express planar surveying with the determination of geochemical characteristics of river sediments. The methodology of combining contact geochemical studies of iron distribution in surface bottom sediments with the performance of a side view of a remote route survey using sonar is substantiated. Herewith, the possibility of determining the lithological differences of the surface layer of bottom sediments under the conditions of determining the average concentrations of iron for the main material types of sediments is assumed. The results of two-year research based on the data of fieldwork revealed promising perspectives for the development of such a complex of observations in the case of systematization of the direction, additional testing of the technological component in various test areas of the water area, as well as the development of an appropriate methodological foundation.

Аномальное снижение уровня сейсмического шума в ПетропАвловске-Камчатском в апреле 2020 года

Estimation of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the seismic signal is an important problem in ensuring the quality of seismological data and, accordingly, the quality of scientific research. Due to the unprecedented situation associated with the introduction of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, non-working days were established in Russia from April 4 to April 30, 2020. It became possible to assess the impact of a notable decrease in anthropogenic activity on the seismic signal (noise) recorded by seismic instruments in the territory of the largest city of the Kamchatka, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. We study seismic noise by standard technique, based on the analysis of the probability density function of the noise power spectral density obtained from the data of the digital archive of the noise spectra of seismic stations. A decrease in the seismic noise power level below the minimum values of the same periods of previous years was registered at stations installed in schools, residential buildings (boarding schools) or near public and office buildings. The minimal anthropogenic influence stations were selected. The obtained data can be used for determination the features of the work of both stations and individual channels, taking into account their direction and position, relative to the objects of human activity.

Some contemporary aspects of master planning, design and development for suburban territories of large cities

The article discusses the modern state of affairs in the field of master planning of suburban territories. It is noted, that for the time being such a problem is becoming urgent and actual, due to enormous rise of urban territories, which occupy not only small satellite towns around megapolises, but also the original and traditional suburban areas, and even the countryside territories with small settlements. That’s why a new challenge emerged, which required a high-quality design approach, based on contemporary scientific achievements. A number of recommendations are being given in the article and some conclusions are being made, based on modern practice of urban planning, design and development. The main idea of the article is that urbanization can not be banned and thus it should be scientifically organized and controlled.

Геоэкологическая оценка загрязнения окружающей среды по биогеохимическим параметрам древесных растений (на примере г. Липецка)

To conduct a geoecological assessment of the territory of the Lipetsk city, biogeochemical parameters of woody plants were used. Populus italica (Du Roi) Moench, growing in different ecological conditions, acted as an indicator species. Sampling of poplar bark was carried out at 21 points, including the background one. The laboratory determined the following biogeochemical parameters: acidity, ash content, content of chemical elements. During the summer period 2022– 2023 samples were taken and analyzed. According to the data obtained, the pH of the aqueous extract of the samples varied from 5.05 to 7.74 for different sampling points, the average value being 6.98. We have established a change in the hydrogen index of the Italian poplar bark towards alkalization. The maximum increase in pH was recorded in the area of the cement plant (7.74), as well as on the left bank, where Novolipetsk metallurgical plant production facilities are concentrated. The lowest indicator of acidity of the crust is typical for the recreational zone of park areas – 5.05. The ash content of Italian poplar peel in the territory of Lipetsk varied from 10.42 to 21.44%. We noted the minimum ash content in the Nizhny Park, the maximum parameter was recorded in the immediate vicinity of the Novolipetsk metallurgical plant production sites and in the zone of influence of the cement plant. Determining the amount of chemical elements in the Populus italica bark by the X-ray fluorescence method made it possible to establish a number of regularities. The selected samples have a high level of accumulation for a number of heavy metals. Copper was found at 11 points. In terms of manganese, the highest content was recorded in a sample of Italian poplar bark on the street. Diamond (330 mg/kg). At all points, with the exception of the Nizhniy park, there is an excess of background values. The concentration of zinc in almost all samples is high, more than 80 mg/kg, especially trees in the industrial and transport zone have elevated values of the indicator. The content of iron at all points in the territory of Lipetsk exceeds the background values (1.04 g/kg). The presence and high content of a number of chemical elements in the Italian poplar bark is explained by the fact that in addition to carbon, sulfur, nitrogen oxides, the composition of emissions from blastfurnace, sintering production, ferroalloys includes a large amount of dust containing particles of Fe, Сu, Ti, Zn, Pb, Cr and other heavy metals. A moderate correlation was established between the content of iron-titanium (r±mr=0.48±0.20) and iron-zinc (r±mr=0.47±0.20) in the Italian poplar bark. A high level correlation was recorded between the concentrations of iron and manganese (r±mr=0.80±0.14). Therefore, the use of tree bark to assess environmental pollution is a sensitive method that is used for geoecological monitoring.

Functional zoning of park territories in large cities of Belarus: development of methods and quality assessment

Introduction. In Belarus, some urban parks are less attractive for visitors and need reconstruction due to the new requirements for specific types and conditions of recreation, which have changed over the last decades due to the influence of factors triggered by a change in the economic model of societal development. The task of functional zoning is solved when a park reconstruction project is developed. Decisions concerning the recreational and other areas have an important impact on park design stages and play an important role in developing comfortable park environments. The purpose of the study is to build and validate a methodology for assessing the quality of functional zoning of urban parks using quantifiable factors.
 
 Materials and methods. Quantifiable factors, that have a considerable impact on the comfort of park environments, were identified using an integrated approach. A planogram-based graphic-analytical method was used to assess the intensity of this impact. To identify the criteria for assessing the quality of park zoning, publicly available design guidelines and master plans of parks were analyzed. Information about current functional zoning of parks was obtained at the preliminary stage of the study by examining satellite images downloaded from the Google Earth Engine Explorer resource; this information was subsequently clarified using surveying methods.
 
 Results. A need to take into account a number of quantifiable factors, influencing the comfort of environments, accompanies the process of developing a functional zoning pattern for multifunctional urban parks. Hence, we had an idea to develop a methodology for the functional zoning quality assessment. For this purpose, a system of criteria for assessing the quality of functional zones and an assessment methodology were developed. The methodology stems from the fact that a planogram of influence of various factors on park territories represents a nonzero two-dimensional matrix, which helps perform mathe­matical summation operations in furtherance of a given set of criteria. The new methodology was used to assess the quality of current functional zoning of urban parks in eight large Belarusian cities.
 
 Conclusions. The methodology developed for the quality assessment of current functional zoning of urban parks confirms the validity of design solutions, and it can be used at the pre-project stage to improve the validity of solutions in the process of developing architectural and planning concepts of parks aimed at their reconstruction. It can also serve as a component of comprehensive assessments of comfort in the park environments when management decisions are made in terms of recreational areas.

Проблемы и пути решения вопросов инженерной защиты и восстановления прибрежных нарушенных земель городских территорий

The problems of engineering protection of territories from flooding and flooding by flood waters of rivers are relevant for many regions of Russia, including for the Moscow region, where the project of creating the science town «Big Serpukhov» is being implemented. At the same time, serious obstacles arose related to the flooding of a significant part of the territories of the coastal zones of the Serpukhov region. Here, most of the agricultural land is in a disturbed and degraded state, it needs to be restored using phytomeliorative measures. In order to solve the problems and obstacles that have arisen, scientific programs have been drawn up to study and survey the existing state of all territories and objects of the science city being formed. And also – water bodies (Oka and Nara rivers), which are sources of flooding of coastal areas and settlements. The results of the analysis of materials previously made by the authors of developments and inventions on the engineering protection of coastal territories and objects are presented from the point of view of the possibility of their use in solving the problems of fl ooding the lands of the science city. The developments and inventions that can be effectively used in solving the issues of engineering protection and environmental arrangement of the flooded territories of the science city are briefly demonstrated. The results of preliminary studies confirm the high efficiency and manufacturability of the use of bioengineering systems for the protection and development of coastal zones. The creation and implementation of bioengineering systems based on natural and safe artifi cial materials will reduce the material costs of construction and will contribute to the restoration of water protection and other disturbed zones in compliance with environmental requirements. A preliminary assessment of the impact of the dam on the Nara River in a hydrodynamic accident on the parameters of the fl ood zone in the left-bank part of the clusters and districts of Serpukhov showed that in the implementation of the most likely accident scenario, the emergency situation may be local in terms of material damage and municipal in terms of territoriality.