Territory Of Serbia Research Articles

The influence of migrations on the ethnic/national and religious identities: The case of the united Methodist Church in Banat

This research focuses on the correlation between migrations and ethnic and religious identities on the example of the United Methodist Church (UMC)2 in Banat. This paper observes a complex network of social, political and cultural factors which induced the changing of the number of members of the UMC local congregations, and their ethnic structure. Ever since the founding of the first UMC congregations on the territory of Serbia (mostly in Vojvodina) at the beginning of the 20th century until the end of World War II, the greatest number of their members were German. After they had immigrated, there was a sharp membership decline and many UMC congregations were extinguished. Today there are four UMC congregations in Banat, the largest one being the Macedonian Roma congregation in Jabuka, which is called the ’’Roma church’’ by the local people. Protestant congregations in Serbia are minority denominations and the UMC in Banat does not have many members. In the UMC in Jabuka the pastor is a woman, which is also very rare. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177027: Multiethnicity, Multiculturalism, migrations: Contemporary process]

Heuristics and operational research in emergency situations and civil defence education

This paper presents problem solving using heuristics and operational research in order to make appropriate decisions in emergency situations with a particular emphasis on the application of a heuristic model of team training for emergency situations. It is intended for military command and teaching personnel as well as for civil defense personnel (Department of Emergency Management) and local government authorities (administrative district chiefs and mayors - commanders). The heuristic approach to problem solving should enable adequate decision making for command staff from the local to the national level after the proclamation of emergency and a state of emergency in some regions or the whole territory of Serbia.

The role of the Ministry of the Interior in preventing 2014 floods in the Republic of Serbia and mitigating the effects thereof

In the period between 13 and 15 May 2014, the Republic of Serbia was affected by floods unlike any registered in the last 130 years. Large amounts of rainfall, which was caused by a cyclone called Tamara, raised the level of the rivers in several parts of the country, endangering a large number of people. The emergency situation was declared on 15 May 2014, initially in five cities and 14 municipalities, and was in force throughout the territory of Serbia from 15 May to 23 May 2014. The floods of May 2014 showed that due to inadequate maintenance and use of riverbeds in Serbia the coastal stream with torrential hydrological regime was threatened. Protection measures were mainly local in nature, limited to larger towns or significant industrial facilities. Improving flood protection in smaller streams should receive more attention in future because of possible deterioration regarding the high water regime due to climate changes. The results of the analysis conducted in this paper lead to the conclusion that during emergency situation on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, declared over the large-scale flooding caused by increased levels of rainfall, the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs contributed most importantly by saving human lives, but also by minimizing the total damage in affected areas and facilitated mitigating the consequences of the floods.

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis/Wangenh./K. Koch): A new species of the Allochthonous dendroflora in Serbia

This paper presents the alien species Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, carya-pecan, (Juglandaceae A. Richard ex Kunth) that has not been mentioned so far in the dendroflora of Serbia. One tree was recorded within the first Serbian sugar factory in Cukarica that is now a protected cultural property in the City of Belgrade. The tree is about 35 years old and about 20 m high. The length of the trunk without branches is 6.0 m and the diameter at breast height is 57 cm. Carya-pecan is a native species of the southeastern part of North America, and is grown in Europe for edible fruits and quality wood. The recorded tree in Belgrade is fruitful and characterized by good vitality and rapid growth. Due to its special characteristics, it can have multiple practical application in the territory of Serbia for decoration in urban areas, for forest plantations and in orchards.

Is hail suppression useful in Serbia? – General review and new results

Anthropogenic influence on weather has been increasingly published and discussed in the last decades. Climate changes caused by inadvertent anthropogenic influence are well underway. Hail suppression, which has been proven to have no influence on weather, will be considered in the article. Even though hail suppression as scientifically ungrounded activity seemed to promise certain success several decades ago, it has spread over the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia after abundant experience, when many developed countries have given up on this activity. Reasons will be presented for the senselessness of hail suppression based on the latest research. By processing all hail data from the territory of Serbia in the period from 1967 to 2010, it was found out that the hail trend is rising which is in contrary to expectations and previous claims that hail suppression decreases hail frequency.

Consequences of the River Bank Erosion in the Southern Part of the Pannonian Basin: Case Study – Serbia and the Republic of Srpska

Bank erosion is one of the dominant geomorphological processes in the southern part of the Pannonian Basin. The consequences of bank erosion on the territory of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska were analysed including landscape degradation (lateral migration), socio-economic (land loss, land use changes, economical losses) and geopolitical consequences. The analysis covered the Danube River and the Drina River as the international river border, the Bosna River as a boundary watercourse along the administrative border and the Kolubara River with dominantly antropogenic impacts on the rate of bank erosion . The total amount of lateral migration of the Kolubara riverbed for the period 19252010 is 155 m and the Bosna riverbed for the period 19582012 is 352.2 m. Lateral migration has caused serious problems through loss of arable land (approximately 40 ha) and land use changes in both basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. For the protection of the Bosna River banks it is necessary to invest 7.91 million Euros, while in the case of the Kolubara River for their recovery 2.54 million Euros were needed. The geopolitical consequences due to the bank erosion acting and lateral migration of the river course were analysed on three paradigmatic examples: the Danube River (the border between Serbia and Croatia), Drina River (the border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Bosna River (the border between the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of B&H). The results of this investigation are applicable in the field of water and soil resources management, hydrotechnical works, geopolitical studies, as well as in different aspects of the environmental protection.

THE ROLE OF EARLY DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Continuous monitoring of open space is of the utmost importance for the protection of forests against fire. Collected data in real time provide fast intervention of relevant services to extinguish the fire. Timely information about the appearance of fire reduce the number of areas affected by this fire and thereby minimizes the costs of fire extinguishing and the damage caused in the woods. The current way of detecting fire in an open area in Serbia is not in real time, and due to this, it is necessary to implement modern technology of collecting data related to early detection of fires. This paper presents an integral project of forest-fire protection on the territory of Serbia in order to provide the reference for the application of terrestrial automated system for early detection and prediction of forest fires. An automated system could be comprised of infrared and high-resolution TV camera surveillance, covering a large part of the forest area and forest land. Key words: Forest fire, prediction, early detection.

Distribution and transmission tendency of trichinellosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) at the territory of Serbia

Trichinellosis (trichinellosis) is a disease common for both people and animals, which was mentioned in even some several centuries old notes. As well as domestic pigs, wild boars, being omnivores and the animals that broadly cover the territory of Serbia, could definitely be considered as one of possible trichinellosis indicators, and that is the main reason for starting this investigation with the objective to perceive the level of infection of wild boars in different hunting areas at the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In this work it is presented the distibution of T. spiralis in wild boars at the territory of Serbia in the period from 2006. to 2010. Besides the distribution of trichinellosis in wild boars, we have also calculated the tendency of changing in the number of infected wild boars at the territories of different hunting associations, in the period from 2006. to 2010. The distribution of T. spiralis in shot wild boars showed that trichinellosis appeared at the total of 24 hunting associations territories during the investigated period. Only at the territories of Pirot and Dimitrivgrad hunting associations, there was diagnosed at least one case of trichinellosis in shot wild boars in all five years. Out of the total of shot and inspected wild boars (20.250) in 123 of them, there was diagnosed the presence of T. spiralis infectious forms (0,61%). The greatest number (29) of the infected wild boars was shot in 2007. By analysing the change in number of positive wild boars in the interval from 2006. to 2010. it was found out that there is a constant tendency of growth, namely 1,1 head of boar per year. Change in number of trichinellosis wild boars by years of observation is a second degree polynomial (Y=-0,6+17,81xi-2,79xi2) with correlation coefficient of 0,69. On the basis of the obtained analysis, that were carried out, it can be concluded that the occurence of trichinellosis is most frequent in border areas towards Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina.

Quality of business, entrepreneurship education and business start up intentions among students in Serbia: Research results

This paper will present findings of a research conducted among students in Serbia dealing with quality of business, entrepreneurship and business start-ups. Throughout a three year period the research has included 1990 examinees. The population is built on students from four universities and business schools directed towards business and management. The research has been conducted using a structured questionnaire. Among other, the research has shown that a number of examinees were not informed of the existence of financial incentives for starting a business. Interviewed students reported that they lack the knowledge of: the basics of entrepreneurship and small business, basic finance and accounting and foreign languages. In the opinion of students, Serbia is currently no suitable environment that encourages youth to start their own businesses. The results of this research point out the fact that the state must have the key role in this sphere of Serbian market through a creation of certain documents whose aim is promoting the concept of the young as entrepreneurs. A research of this scope has so far not been conducted on the territory of Serbia, and to the best of the authors' knowledge not even in the West Balkans region.

Rabies - epizootiological situation at the territory of Serbia and countries in the region from 2006. to 2012.

Rabies is a disease that occurs both in animals and people, with relatively long period of incubation, intense clinical course and fatal ending. Majority of cases of illnes and death in people are caused by the standard rabies virus. According to books of regulations on suppression and eradiction of rabies from 1988. and 2009., each suspected rabies has to be laboratory confirmed. From 2006. to 2012. within the passive surveilance, 3549 samples of brain tissue were examined for the presence of rabies virus. The virus was confirmed in 923 samples by using the method of direct imunofluorescence. From 2006. to 2012. there were diagnosed 192, 160, 233, 181, 104, 43 and 10 positive cases, respectively. For the purpose of rabies eradiction at the territory of the Republic of Serbia, a regional project of oral vaccination of foxes against rabies has been implemented since 2010.Within monitoring of the effectiveness of oral vaccination against rabies which was carried out at the end of 2011. and at the beginning of 2012., there were examined 1385 samples, out of which 11 reacted positively. The virus was dominantly present in the fox population. During 2008. and 2009., a relatively large number of rabid cats was registered, what indicates a transmission of rabies from the fox to the cat population. The incidence of rabies at the territory of Serbia significantly differs from one epizootic area to another. Northern parts of the country (Sombor and Subotica epizootic regions) have more favorable situation with only two cases of rabies for the last 7 years. In the period until 2010., in Pozarevac, Novi Sad, Jagodina, Pancevo, Belgrade and Nis epizootic region, a gradual decline in number of positive cases was noticed. International project for oral vaccination of foxes against rabies which has been implemented at the territory of the Republic of Serbia and neighboring countries, influenced a significant reduction of registered rabies cases.

Brucella canis at the territory of Serbia in the period from 2004. to 2011.

This study includes examination of dogs from the territory of Serbia during the period from 2004. To 2011. Most of the dogs were from the territory of Belgrade. The total of 193 blood serum samples of proprietary dogs and 120 blood serum samples of stray dogs were tested for the presence of antibodies against Brucella canis. For diagnostics there was used the method of slow serum agglutination in test tubes with 2- mercaptoethanol. During eight years? period of investigation, out of 193 tested serums taken from proprietary dogs, 29 serum samples, or 15.03%, had undoubtedly positive titre of 1/200. During 2011. Out of 120 tested blood samples taken from stray dogs from Belgrade territory, positive titre of 1/200 had 8 samples, or 6.67%. The results of this investigation point out to a very high seroprevalence of antibodies against B.canis in dogs population from the teritiry of the Republic of Serbia.

Smolucka cave: Unpublished chipped stone artifacts from excavations in 1987

Investigations carried out in Smolucka cave in the 1980s pointed to the presence of an important Middle Paleolithic station thus broadening our meagre knowledge about that period in the territory of Serbia. Owing to circumstances, material has not been completely published so we are presenting, in this work, a rather small group of chipped stone artifacts from the Eneolithic and Middle Paleolithic period in order to complete evidence about finds from the Smolucka cave.

Follow-up study of prevalence and control of ascariasis in swine populations in Serbia

The cause of the most significant helminth diseases in swine - Ascaris suum, can also causes infections in humans. The use of swine manure in agriculture renders the eggs of this ascaridida an accessible source of infection, thus posing a significant risk factor for human health. With the objective of proving the prevalence of infection with A. suum nematodes in the territory of Serbia, investigations were carried out in the period between 2007-2011 in the territories of five districts: North Bačka, South Banat, Braničevo, Zlatibor and Nišava. The investigations covered coprological examinations of 1031 feces samples of swine originating from farms owned by individual breeders. The samples were examined using the standard flotation method with a saturated water solution of NaCl. The established prevalence of ascariasis infection amounted to 47.62% (1031/491). The biggest prevalence of infection was determined in the territory of the Braničevo District, 65.78% (301/198), and the smallest in the territory of the Nišava District, 32.24% (183/59). In spite of its prevalence and vast economic importance, there is still insufficient information about the key aspects of the biology and epidemiology of A. suum. Viewed from the aspect of epizootiology, it is very important to know the prevalence of swine infections with Ascaris because of the possible infection of humans by its migrating larvae.

A camel skeleton from the Viminacium amphitheatre

Camel remains have occasionally been found in Roman provincial sites throughout the Empire. In Serbia, several camel bones were found on Roman period sites. In the course of the excavations of the Viminacium amphitheatre, a partial camel skeleton was found in the western part of the arena. This find dates back to the middle, or the second half, of the 4th century AD, the period after the amphitheatre lost its function. As no other camel skeleton has been found throughout the European part of the Empire until now, this one represents a unique find in this territory. According to mixed morphometric features of the skeleton, it is suggested that the skeleton belonged to a hybrid individual. Based on taphonomic analysis of the skeleton, assumptions have been made as to how the corpse of this animal was treated after death. In this paper the role and significance of camels in Roman provinces in the territory of Serbia is also discussed.

Ad hoc arbitration in the territory of Serbia: Initiation of the proceedings and constitution of the arbitral tribunal

This Article reviews and discusses the rules of the Arbitration Act of Serbia on to initiation of ad hoc arbitral proceedings, composition and constitution of the arbitral tribunal. Problems that may occur in the implementation of an ad hoc arbitration agreement are put to the forewront of the analysis, and the solutions provided by domestic legislation are examined. In addition, the discussion centers around the provisions of Article IV of the European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, and their priority in case the dispute falls within its scope. Furthermore, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, as the set of rules that is most frequently agreed upon in practice, are considered from the point of view of composition and constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal. When critically evaluating the provisions of the national law, the treaty and the cited Arbitration Rules, we relied on comparative law analysis and on foreign judicial and arbitral practice. We endeavored, by examining arbitration laws of other countries, to spot potential lacunae in domestic legislation, and to draw attention to ways in which they may be mended. We pleaded for flexible and reasonable construction of the existing legal provisions, in order to improve the chances for positioning of ad hoc arbitration in Serbia as a viable mechanism of resolution of disputes at the disposal of the parties. Some guidelines were also provided to the legislator on the future direction in which legislative amendments whould go.

The new territories of Serbia after the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 the establishment of the first local authorities

In the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, the Kingdom of Serbia wrested Old Serbia and Macedonia from Ottoman rule. The process of instituting the constitutional order and local government institutions in the liberated and annexed areas was phased: (1) the building of provisional administration on the instructions of government inspectors and the head of the Military Police Department; (2) implementation of the Decree on the Organization of the Liberated Areas of 14 December 1912; and (3) implementation of the Decree on the Organization of the Liberated Areas of 21 August 1913. Finally, under a special royal decree issued in 1913, implementation began of some sections of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia. In late December 1913, the interior minister, Stojan M. Protic, submitted the bill on the Annexation of Old Serbia to the Kingdom of Serbia and its Administration to the Assembly along with the opinion of the State Council. The bill had, however, not been put to the vote by the time the First World War broke out, and the issue lost priority to the new wartime situation until the end of the war.

Stigmatization as a result of the illegalization of some forms of transnational movement: Dehumanization of “the illegal migrants”

The process of legalization and legitimization of discrimination of foreigners who are trying to reach some of the EU countries without appropriate permissions is the major topic of this text. It is shown how a legal and administrative qualification of a type of movement transforms into a social qualification of people who are undertaking that type of movement. To put it differently, the process of metaphoric transformations of the illegal movement to the illegal people is represented here. Once being done, these transformations allow further proliferation of ‘the illegal people’ to ‘criminals’ or ‘victims’, but they also can lead to the denial of all or some human characteristics to the people in question - dehumanization. When dehumanization is accepted at the level of representations, it begins to serve as the excuse for and justification of the aggressive practices towards the dehumanized people. This circular phenomenon of dehumanization is manifested systematically: it can be identified in the laws, the work of some state or international institutions, in everyday’s communication between the migrants and the people they meet. In the beginning of this text the migrations through the territory of Serbia and its asylum system have been presented. This is followed by the discussion of the dehumanization and the legislature and the legislative practices that support it. In the concluding part of the text dehumanization is presented as a linguistic, metaphoric, pragmatic and discursive phenomenon. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije: Multietnicitet, multikulturalnost, migracije - savremeni procesi]

The occurrence of a tornado in Serbia on 31 march 2013

Tornado occurs very rarely in the territory of Serbia. The occurrence of a tornado above Torda (Vojvodina, Serbia) on 31 March 2013 indicted the importance of monitoring such a dangerous weather phenomenon, knowing its characteristics and forecasting it. This paper analyzes the synoptic conditions and vertical structure of the atmosphere that prevailed during the development of a supercell with a tornado. Changes in temperature and air pressure are presented on mesoscale maps. The analysis was performed by using the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM). The tornado occurrence was monitored via satellite images and radar characteristics of a supercell. The cause of tornadogenesis has been ascertained. According to the EF scale, the tornado reached F0 intensity. Damages to roofs, power lines, trees and cars caused by the wind (>35ms-1) are also presented.

The establishment of a new gravity reference frame for Serbia

In this paper, gravimetric work performed in the territory of Serbia is shown chronologically from the end of the nineteenth century until present. The first work, which was based on data from pendulums, is presented briefly. Details are provided on the establishment of the first order gravimetric network from 1952 and a basic gravimetric network created 10 years later. A review of a detailed gravimetric measurement, performed simultaneously with these works for establishing the networks, is also given. Special attention is dedicated to the first measurements using absolute gravimeters that were performed in 2007, but also to establishing a new basic gravimetric network as a basis for a future detailed gravimetric survey. From all of the shown data, it is to be noted that ex-Yugoslavia and then Serbia followed to a great extent modern trends of gravimetric network development. Unfortunately, the network maintenance was inadequate, and a database was not established due to the political and economic changes in the society, which caused suspension of some institutions that were authorised for these types of jobs.

Vegetation Database Grassland Vegetation of Serbia

This paper describes the content of the “Vegetation Database Grassland Vegetation of (GIVD ID EU-RS-002). The grassland database is held at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia. It contains all available published releve material (releves originate from published sources and grey literature theses, survey reports) from the territory of Serbia. Presently 4,252 releves are available in the database which runs offline with TURBOVEG. All registered plant communities from phytosociological classes Molinio-Arrhenetheretea, Festuco-Brometea and Festucetea vaginatae are covered. The database is used for archiving releve material, for preparation of classifications and other analyses of vegetation of Serbia and neighbouring countries.