Territory Of Serbia Research Articles

Database of Halophytic Vegetation in Serbia

This paper describes the content of the vegetation database Halophytic vegetation of (GIVD ID EU-RS-001). The database of halophytic grassland vegetation in Serbia is held at Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia. The database contains all available published releve material (releves originate from published sources and grey literature theses, survey reports) from the territory of Serbia. Presently 1,026 releves are available in the database which runs offline with TURBOVEG. All registered plant communities from phytosociological classes Thero-Salicornietea and Festuco-Puccinelietea are covered. The database is used for archiving releve material, for preparation of classifications and other analyses of vegetation of Serbia and neighbouring countries.

Macro and microelements in bottled and tap waters of Serbia

Comparative analysis between bottled and tap waters as well as its comparison with current Serbian regulations, European Union Directives and World Health Organization standard are shown in this paper. Thirteen bottled waters and fourteen tap waters from the territory of Serbia were analyzed in the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) laboratory in Berlin, for the purpose of the ?Geochemistry of European Bottled Water? project conducted by EuroGeo Survey Geochemistry (EGS). Macrocomponents (main cations and anions) of ground waters usually reflect on lithogeochemistry of the aquifer, while microcomponents indicate the circulation of ground water through the different lithological environment. Analyzed bottled waters could be classified as those with low mineral content (M<500 mg/L) if HCO3 anion and Ca and Mg cations were the prevailing ones, or mineral (M>500 mg/L) with prevailing HCO3 anion and Na cation. Waters with low mineral content were mainly from limestone and dolomite, while mineral waters mainly originated from magmatic and metamorphic rocks. Higher content of Cs, Li, Ge, Rb and F in bottled waters indicates the importance of the magmatic intrusions influence on their chemical composition. In some waters higher content of B, I, NH4, as well as of Tl and W has been observed which can be attributed to water?s circulation through different lithological complexes. Tap water was mostly obtained from groundwater (from Neogen and alluvial aquifers and karst springs) with rest being those of rivers and surface accumulations. Tap waters from Central Serbia were with low mineral content, with prevailing HCO3 anion and Ca and Mg cations, while waters from Vojvodina, the northern province of Serbia, were with higher mineralization, HCO3-Na. Chemical analyses of the sampled tap waters showed good quality, with exception of waters from the cities of Senta and Zrenjanin in Vojvodina. High values of B (1170 and 895 g/L), As (20.9 and 71.9 g/l), Na (208 and 275 mg/L), as well as EC (715 and 928 S/cm) have been registered in these waters.

A high school teaching sociology in the period of the reform of vocational education

The paper represents an attempt of reconstruction of certain historical period and the conceptualization of high school sociology education within it, through discussion of broader social and sub-professional (sociological) circumstances within Serbian society and SFR Yugoslavia. Special attention in the paper is devoted to the analysis of two high school textbooks in sociology (textbook of Radošin Rajović from 1981. and textbook Popović, Ranković, Milić and Bolčić from 1981.) used in this historical period in secondary education on the territory of Serbia. The paper tries to map the social and professional (as well as the ideological) differences and conflicts within society (Yugoslav and Serbian) and the sociological professional community that strongly influenced on one side the content of textbooks, and on the other side the limits of interpretation of certain themes within them, and consequently on the structure and content of textbooks in sociology that were used in secondary education in this period.

The importance of screening for breast malignancy with regard to the results of diagnostic breast examination of symptomatic and asymptomatic female patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is view, statistical and comparative processing of new cases of female breast cancer with pathohistological verification in the territory of the municipality of Cacak and the Republic of Serbia in 2010. Also, comparative analysis of detected breast malignancies (symptomatic and asymptomatic) was done with results of required screening and no screening in female population of 40-64 years old in the municipality of Cacak. METHOD: In the municipality of Cacak, in the general type hospital in 2010. in accordance with personnel, equipment and possibilities, the advantage of screening in the appropriate population was considered. If screening would be implemented according to the acceptable norms and with satisfactory response, that would significantly reduce the rate of disease and also mortality rate. RESULTS: 3760 women were examined with the breast problem and breast cancer was detected and confirmed with pathohistological test at 69 of them. The most common are ductal and lobular breast cancer (which partly agrees with the pathohistological verification in the territory of Serbia). 3500 woman passed through Radiological service, of which 3100 is in the age population of 40-64 year subjected to screening). In the municipality of Cacak there are about 40000 women in this age group. If we accept the rate of the disease in 2010th, the percentage of disease without screening would have been 2%. It was shown that the rate of the disease was significantly reduced when screening was performed. CONCLUSION: The comparative analysis supports the feasibility of possible breast cancer screening in general type hospitals in accordance with the personnel and equipment capabilities, and if the response of the population covered by screening would be in as large numbers as possible-it would be chieved what is the purpose and ultimate goal of cancer screening-reducing mortality by 22% to 50%.

Housing facilities management in the Republic of Serbia from the aspect of energy efficiency improvement

Housing facilities management is a term which has been evolving in its contemporary sense in the territory of Serbia since the mid 90?s of the previous century. Apart from such a long tradition, it encounters a problem of its insufficiently precise definition in the standing legal regulations, inexistence of an efficient system of implementation by the legally obliged persons, and the unsystematic character of regulations pertaining to this matter. Key deficiency of the existing norms is obvious in four main segments: routine maintenance, management in unforeseeable emergency situations, facility capital maintenance management and energy efficiency management. Until new acts have been adopted, many obligations of the facilities owners, which should be legal obligations that need to be implemented, represent only a moral obligation.

The use of GIS methodology in jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidae) studies in Serbia

Entomofaunistic studies contain a large number of data regarding the number of collected species, the number of individuals within species, time of collection, localities, species biology and morphology natural enemies and hosts. Besides thematic and temporal components this kind of studies include spatial component which is crucial for the use of GIS methodology and advanced possibilities of geospatial analysis. During our studies on jumping plant lice (Psylloidea) fauna and their natural enemies on the territory of Serbia which lasted for several years, a large number of spatially referenced data related to this group of insects were collected. The process of collecting, archiving and classifying the data on each species was improved by applying the GIS methodological approach after which the data were entered into database. The analysis of data using thematic and spatial queries, as well as graphic, numeric and textual display of the results from studies enabled simpler and more complete survey of horizontal and vertical distribution of jumping plant lice, their biology and relationship with plants, predators and parasitoids.

Pannonian plain as a morphostructural unit of Serbia

Differentiation between the terms ?Pannonian Basin? and ?Pannonian Plain? is not clear enough in geographical literature. The paper discusses the usage of the term ?plain? in geomorphology, as well as the usage of a quantitative method for plain delineation, through calculation of relief roughness coefficient (using a digital elevation model). Qualitative analysis, which includes the definition of dominant geomorphological processes and the distribution of Quaternary sediments, is an addition to the quantitative analysis. In the Republic of Serbia, the area of the Pannonian plain defined in this way is 24,448 km2, which is 27.5% of the total territory of the country. The paper gives the overview of the geotectonic structure and evolution of the Pannonian Basin System, with special stress on the territory of Serbia, as well as the chronology of the Pannonian sedimentation area in Serbia from the Lower Miocene till present. In order to explain the status of the Pannonian plain as one of the morphostructural units of Serbia, the theoretical basics of morphostructures are discussed, as well as the principles of their spatial definition and the relation to the notion of a geological structure.

Factors contributing to the formation of carbonated mineral water systems in Serbia

There are more than 65 occurrences of carbonated mineral water (CMW) within the territory of Serbia. More than 93 % of these systems are found in the geotectonic unit referred to as the Vardar Zone and on the fringes of nearby units. To the east, west and north of the Vardar Zone, CMWs are either rare or nonexistent. The area featuring CMWs is characterized by Tertiary magmatism, a complex geology and deep neotectonic structures. Based on ?13C values of CO2 and HCO3 - in several CMWs in Serbia, and also in carbonates and CO2 from liquid inclusions in several hydrothermal deposits around the world, it was concluded that CO2 in the lithosphere of Serbia could originate from hydrothermal carbonates, and carbonates from sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic rocks. The findings clearly showed that the main generators of CO2 are located in the Vardar Zone and that CO2 degasification is accomplished through temperature metamorphosis of carbonates (dolomite, calcite). Based on the carbonate transformation temperatures and the temperature conditions in the lithosphere of Serbia, the CO2 might be the result of temperature-induced carbonate transformation below a depth of 3 km. Therefore, the conclusion of the study of CMWs in Serbia is that the formation of CMW systems in the lithosphere depends on the geochemical, temperature, and the magmatic and structural-neotectonic conditions.

Methodology for assessment of knowledge management in higher education institutions

Since the introduction of knowledge management in higher education is inevitable due to current social and economic changes in the knowledge economy, research of its presence in higher education institutions is important not only for establishing its current state or for following the progress of its implementation, but also for establishing strong and weak points, predispositions and obstacles of HEIs for its implementation.On the other hand, research of KM in education is a rare, unrelated and occasional effort, small in extent and mostly in a form of case study. This paper presents a methodology for assessment of KM presence in the educational environment and deals with both organizational aspects and an educational process, and it was used at management faculties on the territory of Serbia. In addition to the methodology and possibilities it offers, the paper also presents results and experience gained from its application in actual research. Experience which is presented and transformed into the guidelines for the improvement of the methodology could play an important role in later research, and results could be compared to those already achieved. Key words: Methodology, research, knowledge management, education, university, culture, process.

Natural Hazard Assessment for Land-use Planning in Serbia

The territory of Serbia is vulnerable to various types of natural hazards and the risk is not equal across the entire territory; it varies depending on the type of hazard and the expected potential for damage. The first aim of this research was to determine the geographical distributions of the major types of natural hazards. Seismic hazards, landslides, rock falls, floods, torrential floods, excessive erosion, droughts and forest fires are the most significant natural hazards within the territory of Serbia. Areas vulnerable to some of these natural hazards were singled out using analytical maps; their area relative to the total area of Serbia was defined, along with the total surface area that is vulnerable to each type of natural hazard. Upper intensity values for single natural hazards were measured; these values represent the limiting factor for land-use planning at the given level. Based on these analyses, an integral map of the natural hazards of the territory was created using multi-hazard assessment. Hence, a recent state of the natural hazard vulnerabilities of the territory of Serbia was created and then an integral map was made. The integral map showed spatial distribution of the different types of hazards that are considered to be limiting factors for the highest level of land-use planning. The results presented in this article are the first multi-hazard assessment and the first version of the integral map of natural hazards distribution in Serbia for land-use planning, which is important both nationally and regionally.

The maximum temperatures and heat waves in Serbia during the summer of 2007

An extraordinary heat wave occurred in Serbia from July 14 to July 24 in 2007. Record values of the maximum temperatures were observed over almost the whole territory of Serbia and in Smederevska Palanka, a temperature of 44.9°C was registered, which was the absolute maximum value ever recorded. The highest increase over the previous absolute maximum temperature, dating back to 1888, of 3.1°C was registered in Belgrade. The Warm Spell Duration Indicator, from which the duration and severity of the heat waves are estimated, was applied to the series of the daily maximum temperatures in Smederevska Palanka. An analysis of the daily maximum temperatures and heat waves during the summer of 2007 revealed significant changes in the trends of anomalies and extreme (90%) quantiles. In addition, the main characteristics of the heat wave and the circulation conditions which caused the heat wave in Serbia during the summer 2007 were analyzed.

A Checklist of Desmids (Conjugatophyceae, Chlorophyta) of Serbia. II. GenusCosmarium

Abstract The desmid flora of Serbia has been surveyed during various periods. The first data on the distribution of desmids in Serbia date back to 1883 and from then on until 2009 altogether 630 different taxa were identified. Among 23 genera of desmids in all, the most diverse and most commonly found is Cosmarium (242 taxa or 38.4% of the total number of taxa). Taxa belonging to the genus Cosmarium grow in distinctly diverse habitats, from lowland rivers to high-mountain peat bogs. The present paper gives a survey of the major taxonomic and ecological characteristics of the Cosmarium taxa which have been identified in Serbia. The present studies regarding the distribution of Cosmarium taxa over the territory of Serbia, show that extremely rare, very rare and rare taxa comprise 96.3% of all recorded Cosmarium taxa. The species Cosmarium botrytis, C. laeve, C. meneghinii and C. subprotumidum appear widely distributed in the territory of Serbia. High-mountain peat bogs are characterized by the greatest dive...

Stratospheric ozone fluctuation and ultraviolet radiation over Serbia

Increased ultraviolet radiation potentially detrimental to health is a direct effect of the reduced ozone layer of the Earth?s atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone over the territory of Serbia and immediate surrounding depleted in the considered period of 1979-2008; its amount reduced by 7.6%. Solar and volcanic activities have significant effect on the interannual variability of the stratospheric ozone. Ozone layer over Serbia is 13.8% thicker than the planetary layer, with the ozone hole forming once in five years on average without serious health implications.

Museum policy in Serbia: Formation, crisis and a new beginning

Since the foundation of the Museum of Serbia 1844, a century and a half passed, filled with constant changes conditioned by the discontinuity of the political status of Serbia that directly affected the historical development of cultural policy, and consequently the development of museums, museum activities and museum network. The aim of this work is to present the historical development of museums in Serbia in relation to current models of cultural policy. After a chapter with a chronological overview of the origin and development of the first museums in the territory of Serbia, follows a part showing the expansion of museums that occurred in the first decades after World War II, which had its ideological imperatives. Then a period of stagnation came, as a prelude to the crisis of the museum during the 1990s, which was among the elements of general crisis. The final chapter points out the dilemmas of a new beginning in the development of the museum in the first decade of the 21st century. This work basically presents a kind of summary of the chapter Museum Policy in Serbia - a historical overview of the author's doctoral dissertation 'Management of Regional Museums in Serbia', with special emphasis on the organization of cultural tourism potentials (dissertation in preparation, reported at the Faculty of Drama Arts, University of Art, Belgrade, supervisor. Prof. Dr Vesna Đukić).

Find of a Rare Type of Roman Belt Sets on the Territory of Serbia

Find of a Rare Type of Roman Belt Sets on the Territory of Serbia

Variability of production characteristics of distinguished lines of bees in western Serbia

Condition for achieving high performance results in beekeeping is focused on the use of high-quality breeding queen bee. Because that a large amount of research are based on the examination of properties of selected lines of bees and choosing the best queen mothers in the aim of selection and improving the production characteristics of honey bees from the territory of Serbia. The amount of bees, brood, honey and pollen was investigated in two spring and one autumn survey and productivity controlled in the pasture of accacia. Line 1 had the greatest amount of brood (1.23, 4.04 and 5.39), while line 3 had the best spring development. The best quality of brood in all three exams had the lines 1 and 3 (3.00, 3.00 and 2.95) as well as the best productivity compared to the average yield of all other three lines. All tested lines were exhibited variability, which provides enough possibility for their further improvement and single out the mother queenbees with best results.

Distribution of immorality in attitudes of students towards school misbehaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of immorality in attitudes of students towards school misbehaviour (codes of behaviour at school) and whether the intensity of agreement with school misbehaviour is relative to student age. The research was conducted on the territory of Serbia and included 11 primary schools, 12 secondary schools and 2 faculties. The sample consisted of 1847 students (the gender was almost evenly distributed), who were administered the School Misbehaviour Scale. The scale showed a high reliability. We examined the following misbehaviours at school: attitudes towards exam cheating, truancy, answer whispering, falsifying school documents, rationalising violence towards teachers, bribery and corruption, school nepotism and general attitudes towards misbehaviour. The results showed that a great number of students agreed with school misbehaviour; exam cheating and answer whispering are the most common misbehaviours agreed with by students. Significant age differences in the agreement with school misbehaviour were established; the development line of approval of school misbehaviour is fairly equal for all types of school misbehaviour and shows that fourth grade students in primary school least approve of school misbehaviour, followed by sixth grade students. Seventh grade figures as the period when agreement with almost all types of school misbehaviour starts to increase. This is an upward and continuous trend during the eighth grade, as well as in the first and second grade of secondary school. In the third grade, agreement with misbehaviour starts to decrease and this trend continues through the fourth grade of secondary school and at the faculty.

Archaeometric study of medieval pottery excavated at Stari (Old) Ras, Serbia

A combined study of a series of polychromatic and monochromatic glazed medieval pottery shards excavated from the archaeological area of Stari (Old) Ras in southern Serbia, including petrographic and chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, allowed us to clearly distinguish between two groups of ceramics. Ras pottery, made of fine-grained well-cleaned clay and characterised by a rich mineral assemblage, was produced by firing in a temperature range between 800 and 900 °C. Reljina Gradina ceramics were produced at similar temperatures from materials which, with regard to mineralogical and chemical composition, show clear similarity with local clay, suggesting that these samples are of local origin and production. This work is the first systematic archaeometric study of medieval pottery excavated on the territory of Serbia.

Impact of universal service on telecommunications and economic development in emerging economies

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the Universal Service (US) situation in Serbia, addressing the economic and geographic digital divide for the introduction of broadband services. The authors’ main objectives are to study and present a detailed overview of the state of telecom infrastructure and telecom service provisioning in the whole territory of Serbia as well as to recommend basic elements for appropriate broadband access policies for regions as administrative units. The study methodology includes the situation of locations (settlements) without fixed telecom services and locations with low penetration (4 and 10%), with each settlement having more than 50 inhabitants or more than 20 households. To facilitate implementation, the economic strength of the critical settlements and the necessary US funds are estimated, and the relationship between economic and telecommunication development is evaluated on the level of Serbian municipalities. This relationship indicates to policy makers that telecommunication is an important tool for overall development. Special attention is paid to people with disabilities and low-income users. As Serbia belongs to a large class of medium countries with a middle income and moderate telecommunications, this case study and its findings could be used as a model for other emerging economies. Key words: Telecommunications and economical development, universal services policy, broadband access, people with disabilities, telecommunications policy makers, emerging economies.

Morphological characteristics of best Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes selected in Serbia

On the territory of Serbia, the Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) populations grow at different locations and on a variety of geological substrates and they represent a large and important genetic potential for use in breeding programs of this fruit species. Collection and study of Cornelian cherry genotypes, introduction of best selections in commercial production, and preservation of genetic variability are activities that could improve the existing fruit gene pool. In the Vojvodina Province, over 200 Cornelian cherry genotypes have been monitored at all stages of growth and development. Large variability has been observed in all morphological and chemical characteristics under study. This paper deals with 10 Cornelian cherry genotypes, which showed best morphological characteristics in a three-year study (2007–2009), which will be used for the development of standard Cornelian cherry varieties in Serbia.