Territorial Production Complexes Research Articles

NNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY OF MINING REGIONS OF RUSSIA AND MECHANISMS OF HIS REALIZATION (on the example of the Kemerovo region)

Transition to innovative economy becomes a characteristic tendency of modern development of many countries. A characteristic trend of the modern development of many countries is the transition to an innovative economy. And for Russia the innovation-technological development of its regions is important. The authors outline five main indicators that help determine the level of innovation and technological development of one of the largest industrial regions of Russia - the Kemerovo region. The special role of the Kemerovo region as a large territorial production complex of Western Siberia requires large-scale work to address the most acute regional problems. The system of state measures aimed at making the innovation component a leading factor in the competitiveness of the regional economy should include the development of a long-term innovation strategy, the improvement of the innovation infrastructure, the creation of a financing system for innovation, the attraction of highly qualified personnel to the innovation sphere and the strengthening of interregional and international innovation and technological cooperation, in particular with the BRICS and EEU. Keywords : innovative and technological development, innovations, mining region, innovative economy, Kemerovo region, mining industry, industrial policy.

Формальные признаки территориального кластера и подход к анализу региональной кластерной политики с помощью деловой игры

The article proposes formal definitions and signs of a territorial cluster and similar forms of interfirm cooperation (consortium, territorial production complex, holding, cluster initiative), formed with the help of elements of graph theory, introduced with the purposes of analyzing regional cluster policy and forming a scenario of a business game modeling dynamics interfirm interactions.

Interaction in transportation as the basis for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation

The purpose of this paper is to define the role and place of the transportation component of the adjacent subjects of two countries in their economic potential for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation. The role and place of the transportation component in estimation of the benefits of the transportation and geographical position becomes evident only when the population, resources and economy of the border regions are jointly analyzed. The analysis of such parameters of the border regions of Russia (Western Siberia) and Kazakhstan performed by means of comparison and association of their economic and transportation potentials, showed that territorial production complexes in them have been developed, and the prospective development within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union will be determined by the joint use of the benefits of the transportation and geographic position implemented with participation of railway transport.

CONGLOMERATE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE AS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM

In modern conditions of political, economic, and social globalization, it is difficult to overestimate for Ukraine the need for research and introduction of new forms of enterprise management. World tendencies of the interaction of business elements are characterized by decentralized integration, in which, preserving their legal and industrial identity, small and medium business is united in economic communities, trying to withstand large monopolistic associations. The modern business environment in the dual model at one pole is represented by corporations, TNCs, MNCs, and at the other pole – by free entrepreneurs (freelancers), the number of which is steadily growing. The contradictions and shortcomings of both poles are harmonized by the intra-national integration of economic interests. New business models of economic interaction arise that require new models and forms of management, require the creation of new, adaptive formats of business interaction that involves the mandatory inclusion of standards for sustainable development (economic, environmental, and social mechanism). Such a new form of management, in our view, can be an innovative model of conglomerate management, which implies not only conglomerate mergers and acquisitions of corporations but also new mechanisms for interaction of small business structures of different economic and sectoral orientation. The terminology and the theoretical basis for studying the conglomerate as a socio-economic system that includes the basic phrase “socio-economic system” were defined. Such a form of organization of socio-economic systems, which would consolidate high competitive advantages, innovative orientation, and significant expansive potential, is proposed. On the basis of generalization of the corresponding theoretical provisions and revealed peculiarities of the formation of spatially localized systems, we assumed that emerging as local “points” of economic growth zones, individual elements or subsystems of enterprises are transformed into territorial production complexes (hereinafter abbreviated as TPC), and then – by implementing the missing infrastructure and institutional components into a variety of cluster forms, into conglomerates. As a result of the research, the following scientific substantiations and conclusions are formulated: 1. For the first time, the term “conglomerate management” was proposed as the aggregate interaction of enterprises united into a spatially localized socio-economic system and a methodological approach to managing such complex structures. 2. A terminology for investigating the purposeful transformation of society and the economy into an additive socioeconomic system is developed. Such studies are especially relevant for the modern domestic economy, which contains controversial characteristics of the deterministic and nondeterministic economic model, as well as poorly predicted agglomerate and synergistic effects. 3. A model for organizing and managing conglomerates of a new type is formed. The architecture of the conglomerate enterprise management model as an element of a socio-economic system with an innovative basis as a priority for the dynamic development of a conglomerate is proposed. 4. We also find it economically sound to create a model of developing the strategic potential of an enterprise as an open socio-economic system, to use the mathematical apparatus of studying models of the fractal type that describes the evolution of a modelled system of fractal objects. 5. A parametric characteristic of the formation of a deterministic model of conglomerate control of a fractal type as a socio-economic system was developed and brought to the form of an economic-mathematical model.

Methodical approach to the substantiation of alternative modules for managing the development of territorial production complexes

Sustainable innovative development of territorially production complexes (TPC) is viewed as a single modular system based on a multifactor analysis of alternatives, ensuring a balance of interests of all subjects of investment, construction and production activities, can be ensured by the use of an improved mechanism for selecting alternatives in The reorganization and project management of industrial renewal projects. The carried out analysis of the evolution of program-target models of urban TPC development showed the existence of a stable trend of shifting the targets towards innovative development that form production chains of the full cycle. Typical characteristics of urban TIC that affect the development and implementation of integrated reorganization projects are singled out. It is proposed that existing urban TPC, subject to reorganization, be considered in the context of the theory of poles (points) of growth of Fr. Perru in view of the correspondence of their key characteristics (geographic location, availability of existing production infrastructure, etc.) The proposed approach to the justification of alternative management modules for the development of the TPC is formalized in the form of the objective function of the Pareto multicriterion optimum of multidirectional private target parameters reflecting various types of efficiency of the project solution compliance with critical constraints.

The role of the railway network of border areas in interstate cooperation

The border areas of countries are aimed at playing a special role in the development of general economic and social relations, enhancing the geopolitical significance of regional interstate relations. The purpose of the work is to study and show the modern economic complex of border regions on the example of Russia and Mongolia, in which railway transport plays a significant role. Statistical and analytical comparison as a method of scientific analysis allowed examining in detail the territorial production complex of a large region, its resource dependence, and the conditionality of the functioning by the configuration of transport routes and transport accessibility indicators, both in Russia and Mongolia. The Russian railways, which connect Siberia and the Far East with the European regions of the country, continue to provide interdistrict and interregional economic relations at the present time. The Mongolian railways, which have a smaller length, perform a linking role between the fields of raw materials and the points of its processing or further transportation. The study showed that railways continue to be the basis for interregional cross-border connections. However, as the shortest transport route between the countries of Western, Central, Eastern Europe, and the countries of Central, East, and South-East Asia, the railways of the region in question, uniting the border regions of Mongolia and Russia, can strengthen their role in interstate cooperation and become the most important part of the international Eurasian transport corridors - the Steppe Route and the Silk Road.

Urban demographic decline in the traditional industrial regions of the Urals (1959–2010)

This article considers the demographic disaster that occurred in traditional industrial Ural cities between the 1960s and the 2000s and demonstrates its scale. A ‘depressed city’ is a term denoting a stage in a city’s development: it is characterised by a decline in production, the emergence of unemployment, and a decrease in investment and migration, all of which is followed by a fall in population. This research is based on calculations and comparisons of the demographic dynamics found in the All-Soviet Union and All-Russian censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1980, 2002, and 2010 from the perspective of a number of individual Ural towns. The Urals have faced the same problems as American cities of the Appalachian region, German cities of the Ruhr district, and British coalmining and metallurgical regions in the 20th century. The author proposes a method for revealing depressed settlements. It uses two demographic criteria: first, a decrease of population exceeding five percent per decade and, second, the stability of a negative demographic balance across several decades. In accordance with this method, it is established that during the late Soviet period (1959–89) 18 Ural towns could be characterised as depressed. Between the 1960s and 1980s, such tendencies had a local nature in the Urals, mainly affecting mining areas and some metallurgical centres. However, between the 1990s and 2000s structural economic reforms and a shift to market forms of economic management caused a dramatic decline in production, mass unemployment, and a drop in living standards: 56 Ural cities thus became depressed. Only the cities of Bashkortostan, where petrochemical production has a significant presence, showed population growth, while other regions witnessed a significant loss of population. Once a local problem, depression became a sub-regional phenomenon striking entire agglomerations and territorial production complexes. Major Ural cities were unable to absorb all of the migration from settlements and towns of the region, which caused an outflow of population from the Urals. The two post-Soviet decades can be characterised by large-scale urban decline in the Urals: there was, on average, a 6.4 per cent population decrease in all the cities of the Ural macro-region.

The Analysis of the Comparison of the Proposed Principles for the Management of Strategic Risk the Activities of the Corporate Center of Territorial Production Complexes with the Basic Principles of Risk Management

The Analysis of the Comparison of the Proposed Principles for the Management of Strategic Risk the Activities of the Corporate Center of Territorial Production Complexes with the Basic Principles of Risk Management

Кластерный подход в устойчивом развитии моногородов

The article deals with the problematic task of mono-towns and methods of long-term and sustainable development. The author compares the distinctive territorial-production complex with the regional cluster, highlights the advantages of the cluster approach. As an example of cluster initiatives is innovation technology cluster closed city of Zheleznogorsk.

Regional Socio-economic-geographical System: Definition Concepts

Background/Objectives: The article aims to review existing approaches and give the author's interpretation of the category socio-economic and geographic Methods/Statistical analysis: The methods of and comparative analysis, synthesis methods were the main methods of research. The works on improving territorial and industrial structure, economic regionalization, the doctrine of territorial-production complexes, the energy-cycles and territorial socio-economic systems were the methodological basis of the research. Findings: The author's approach to the definition of the category socio-economic and geographic system has been revealed. Region is considered to be a complex spatially integral united system, which is represented by a local territorial complex of interconnected social and economic subsystems, determined by the definite production structure, peculiarities of the social infrastructure and human resources, taking into consideration place and role of the particular region in social and economic complex of the country. The emphasis is put by the author on topological approach towards definition of the concept social, economic and geographical system. The model of regional social, economic and geographical actual for each entity of the federal state is developed, taking into consideration peculiarities and characteristics of the subjects. Region has constitutionally fixed competence and authority. Levels of the social, economic and geographical coincides with the existing in Russia state structure, due to its role of the forming base of all territorial social and economic systems. Application/Improvements: The research materials can be used to study the traditional and emerging trends, patterns, factors and conditions of the functioning and development of regional socio-economic systems.

Uncovering Regional Clustering of High Technology SMEs: Russian Case

The Soviet Union predetermined Russia’s economic activity’s location patterns. While the main forms of industry organization were territorial production complexes (TPC) - networks of industrial organizations united by a single technological process, - switch to the market economy in the early 90s destroyed economic ties within the TPC, leading to fragmentation of large enterprises and formation of a number of independent firms. Some scientists believe that this situation over the last 20 years could serve as a necessary foundation for clusters’ formation. Nowadays interest in clusters in Russia is rekindled due to the need to find new support mechanisms for production and innovation in a stagnating economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has initiated a project to support pilot territorial innovation clusters with infrastructure formation funding.The aim of this work is to identify clusters as areas of geographical concentration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high technology sector. Authors also try to check, whether existing cluster initiatives comply with the actual concentration of high-tech SMEs and whether there is any potential for new cluster initiatives. The present paper analysis exploits modified methodology, based on localization index.The study provides tables and maps, reflecting small and medium businesses concentration in Russian regions using evidence from high and medium-high technology industries. The authors empirically confirm the existence of traditional and well-known clusters and identify new concentrations of firms in Russia. This useful information can be used for policy advice.

Uncovering Regional Clustering of High Technology SMEs: Russian Case

The Soviet Union predetermined Russia’s economic activity’s location patterns. While the main forms of industry organization were territorial production complexes (TPC) - networks of industrial organizations united by a single technological process, - switch to the market economy in the early 90s destroyed economic ties within the TPC, leading to fragmentation of large enterprises and formation of a number of independent firms. Some scientists believe that this situation over the last 20 years could serve as a necessary foundation for clusters’ formation. Nowadays interest in clusters in Russia is rekindled due to the need to find new support mechanisms for production and innovation in a stagnating economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has initiated a project to support pilot territorial innovation clusters with infrastructure formation funding. The aim of this work is to identify clusters as areas of geographical concentration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high technology sector. Authors also try to check, whether existing cluster initiatives comply with the actual concentration of high-tech SMEs and whether there is any potential for new cluster initiatives. The present paper analysis exploits modified methodology, based on localization index. The study provides tables and maps, reflecting small and medium businesses concentration in Russian regions using evidence from high and medium-high technology industries. The authors empirically confirm the existence of traditional and well-known clusters and identify new concentrations of firms in Russia. This useful information can be used for policy advice. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p309

Improving the efficiency of the economic resources spatial distribution by performing industrial fishing in the North Basin

In order to increase the efficiency of the regional economy the authors present proposals for modeling the principles of effective spatial distribution of resources between territorial entities of business. The existing experience is analyzed, the comparative analysis between structural construction of territorial production complexes in the period of the planned economy and structures appeared the market economy is carried out. The search for successful use of the spatial distribution of economic resources of the regional economy is a multi-faceted, complex and multi-vector scenario. Each region has its own unique potential to be used in determining the strategy of its socio-economic development. As a rule, each region exhibits its priority sectors of the regional economy which can act as development «locomotive» for related branches and enterprises. Coastal regions, numbering twenty in Russia, in particular, are associated with its priority development of maritime activities. The authors indicate the sector of commercial fishing, which for many reasons can become the core of an effective regional structural association representing the fishing industry cluster. For the effective functioning of a fishing cluster, it is proposed to change the principles of biological resources quota allocation between users in order to ensure the principle of market economic relationships of the fishing vessel with the shore and shore-based service companies providing marine economic activity. By implementing such a mechanism economic resources would be favorably distributed between participants of the cluster associations and secure better efficiency of the regional economy. Proposals for improving the spatial distribution of economic resources are applicable to all Russian coastal regions and can be used in developing methods improving the regional economy efficiency. The more effective the spatial distribution of economic resources of the North Basin on the example of the fishing industry, creation of conditions to implement the adopted strategy will allow to apply these approaches for other priority sectors of the regional economy as well as to provide a positive impact on the general results of socio-economic development of the region.

The Twentieth-Century Urals Economy in Historical Perspective

The article discusses major works on economic history published by Urals scholars over the past few decades and outlines the main stages of their research development. The analysis of these works leads to the theoretical conclusion that there has been a recent upsurge in the scholarly interest in economic history. This trend is related to the multimethodological approach gaining popularity among these scholars and the two disciplines, economics and history, drawing closer together. There is a popular belief that history can prove useful to any economist as a storage of economic facts tested by life itself and as a collection of various economic experiments. History, however, is also very important as a source of economic ideas. Thus, there is a process of genuine ‘cross-disciplinary communication’, which manifests itself in economists and historians’ exchanging theories developed within the framework of their disciplines. In its modern stage, the economic history of the Urals focuses on the problems which were not previously covered by historical studies for a number of objective reasons: some sources were classified and unavailable due to security control; and some topics were considered inappropriate to raise in studies of national history. Historians have now turned to such questions as the creation and development of industry-specific territorial production complexes, which used to be predominantly studied by economists. Nowadays, economic history discovers new topics for research, expands its database of sources, applies diverse methodology, and uses conceptual approaches and methods developed both by Russian and foreign economists.

ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF MATERIAL RESOURCES ALLOCATION AT TERRITORIAL PRODUCTION COMPLEXES AT THE MESO-LEVEL OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM

The article looks at resources allocation and intersectoral economic ties at the economy' meso-level and provides their model (Pic.1). It analyzes the allocation of investment goods at the economy's meso-level in the Soviet epoch and at present. The article studies short-term and long-term consequences of investment goods allocation through sales and purchase under existing double standards of prices: а) understated ex-factory prices for intermediary companies, which are actually owned by the enterprise's top-management; b) considerably higher prices for end-consumers As the result many enterprises face a deficiency of money resources for purchasing vital investment goods. Allocation of resources is studied both through analyzing intersectoral economic ties and within the framework of meso-structures - large multi-sectoral corporations (LMSCs) and territorial-production complexes (TPCs). The article analyzes main characteristics of resources allocation within large multi-sectoral corporations and territorial-production complexes. The author presumes that a territorial-production complex is by its essence a modification of a large multi-sectoral corporation, associated with a particular territory. The main peculiarity of resources allocation within a territorial-production complex is that unlike multi-sectoral corporations, a TPC due to the need of sustaining the country's economic integrity may not benefit from various types and forms of resources allocation, which are legal and ethical in the case of LMSCs. Namely, a territorial-production complex cannot let the region's residents own its enterprises or organizations, neither can it be transformed into a joint-stock company. In case some of the region's enterprises or organizations go public, become private or merge there emer-ges a territorial multi-sectoral corporation, which is different from a territorial-production complex.

Історія розвитку та сучасний стан медико-географічних досліджень

This article deals with the historical review of domestic and foreign medical geography with the use of new facts? Analysis of modern state of investigations and evolution of views on medical geography objects. Directions and tendency of its acceleration development in this country and basis for working out appropriate forecast are being worked out. The article reveals the following problems: elaboration of methods and criteria of medicalgeographical appraisal of natural-territorial and territorial-production complexes, differentiation of geographical environment from the point of view of its influence on the health of population and medical geographical division of territory into districts. Key words: medical geography, geosystem, health, nozogeographic zoning, environmental aspect, medical-ecological investigations.

Performance potential of the coal strip mining in the east of Russia

The potentialities of the leading mining districts in Russia to improve coal production by strip mining are analyzed. The operational issues of the Erunakovskiy (Kuzbass), Kansko-Achinskiy and South Yakutia territorial production complexes are considered.

The Soviet Far East: Geographical Perspectives on Development

Settling the Far East - Russian conquest and consolidations, M. Bassin environmental constraints and biosphere protection on the Soviet Far East, P. Pryde and V.L. Mote population and labour force, M. Sagers resources, C. ZumBrunnen forest and fishing industries, Brenton M. Barr the South Yakutian territorial production complex, Victor L. Mote the Far Eastern transport system, R. North commodity movements and regional economic developments, A. Rodgers Soviet Far Eastern trade, M. Bradshaw economic and strategic position, L. Dienes.

Soviet Central Asia: "A Tragic Experiment"

Regional economic policy in the USSR - terms of national income Central Asia - its role in the Soviet economy and its economic structure problems of industrialization - the structure of industry, the case of the South-Tadzhik territorial-production complex, character and rate of industrial development in Central Asia cotton water - the Aral Sea problem, the background of the Sibaral project, the Great River project as a focus of Russian Nationalist movement labour and employment - labour surplus, agriculture, women the standard of living the shadow economy and organized crime - Mafia tendencies in the shadow economy, the Adylov case the impact of the Gorbachev reforms on Central Asia.

SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES IN AN ALTERNATIVE TYPOLOGY OF CITIES

"The authors challenge some conventional notions regarding the USSR's urban hierarchy and settlement network and the basis for functional city classifications. They assign a key role to technological and social change in the overall growth and development process and downplay the role of territorial production complexes vis-a-vis large cities as major regulators of future economic development. Considerable attention is devoted to identifying stages of urban interaction (especially via migration and innovation diffusion) with the rural hinterland and of social-demographic transformations accompanying scientific and technical progress. A city typology based on stages in the 'social-demographic transition' is outlined briefly."