Territorial Elements Research Articles

Mapping the wildland-urban interface at municipal level for wildfire exposure analysis in mainland Portugal

The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), where vegetation and built-up structures intermingle, encompasses a variety of territorial elements that interact spatially, being variable both in space and time. Mapping the WUI at finer scales is paramount to assess wildfire exposure and define tailored mitigation strategies. Our aim was to develop a semi-automated method to map the WUI at municipal level, leveraging recent advances in data and technology. We tested the procedure in four municipalities of mainland Portugal with different fire history, biophysical conditions, and sociodemographic contexts. We considered WUI as either intermix or interface. Our approach integrates both building location data and high-resolution vegetation maps, to calculate the density of buildings and forest cover proportion within different circular moving window sizes. Within each radius, we evaluated the total area and spatial distribution of the WUI types, as well as the number of buildings within WUI and within the fire perimeters recorded between the years 2000 and 2022 and analysed the differences between municipalities. We then compared the mapped WUI with previous WUI mappings for mainland Portugal, to identify common spots and potential spatial divergences. We found that the area mapped as WUI within all four municipalities ranged from about 400 km2 to 1135 km2 depending on the radius size. A distinct distribution for each type of WUI was observed as the radius size increased: the intermix WUI showed a tendency to increase, and the interface WUI increased only between the radius of 100 and 200 m, decreasing gradually in subsequent radii. Between 39.4% and 45.5% of the nearly 200,000 buildings in the study areas were within WUI, depending on radius size and a total of 5436 buildings were within the historic fire perimeter. Although the comparison with other maps showed fair agreement, due to differences in data and methodology, common areas mapped as WUI were found, which suggests that these areas should receive greater attention from decision-makers regarding fire management strategies, since their classification as WUI remains consistent across different methodologies.

Devolution, counter-conduct and territoriality: The case of Tax Business Rates in the United Kingdom

Business Rates (BR) are key to the interaction between national, devolved, regional and local institutions of government in the UK. A liability to the tax can make the difference between the life and death of a business, and the design and implementation of business rates interacts with areas of policy concern as disparate as devolution, planning, charity regulation and digitalisation. We examine how BR affect political struggles between the devolved governments and the UK government using a governmentality approach focused on counter conduct, extending the scant literature on this type of taxation. Our theoretical contribution is to analyse how resistance, represented by the Foucauldian concept of counter conduct, manifests within the complex and understudied context of BR. In particular, we show that counter conduct has spatial and territorial elements which have the potential to destabilise the entire business rates programme and ought to be taken much more seriously.

First Study of the Territorial Determinants that Facilitate the Export Survival of Agro-food Products: The case of Castilla-La Mancha Wine (Spain).

Summary: This research seeks, by analysing tangible and intangible attributes, qualities and values, to respond to determine the main territorial elements that add value to wine and positively influence export survival. The hypothesis is put to test by examining the case of wine in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The main assertion is that history, geography, and production are critical factors for increasing the value of a wine. In addition, these elements generate dynamic externalities such as wine tourism, which in turn improve the image, boost demand and the value of the wine. The findings of the study are applicable to other agri-food regions, sectors, and products.

Mapping Tools for Flood Risk Rescue and Assistance Management

The assessment of vulnerability to the danger of flooding, with a focus on the need for rescue and assistance from the population, is still in an exploratory scientific phase. The main objective of this research is to propose a methodology based on the issues of rescue and assistance in the face of the risk of floods and to provide a tool for its management. A series of maps is presented, indicating those territorial elements that require rescue and surveillance in a prioritized manner in a visual and accessible way for public administration. Four methodological cartographic proposals have been designed as follows: (1) a map of territory sectors with special rescue needs (dependent population and/or buildings without shelter); a map of the impact on transportation infrastructure and vulnerable areas of buildings (2); a map of vulnerability to possible disorder and looting caused by flooding events (3); and a map of the increase in the cost of deployment for rescue and assistance systems (4). As an experimental zone to test the effectiveness of these proposals, a peri-urban area of the municipality of Málaga (Spain) is chosen, which has an extensive history of severe floods. The results confirm the applied and preventive nature of the tool, which can be incorporated into flood risk management plans and local flood risk action plans developed by public administrations. The main finding of the research is the technical advancement that comes with a precise understanding of vulnerability and its resulting issues for better flood risk management.

Exploring Territorial Elements in Servicescape: A Comprehensive Literature Review

This article aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review to delve into the territorial elements within servicescape. In the service industry, customer territoriality can reflect a customer’s identification with the business, enhance their purchasing inclination, or, conversely, lead to strong defensive or retaliatory behaviors towards other customers or employees, significantly affecting business operations. Understanding customer territoriality is crucial for comprehending customer behavior. The article begins by introducing the concepts of servicescape and territoriality, followed by the identification of territorial elements within servicescape. The literature review encompasses research on various aspects of servicescape, including physical factors and social factors, with the aim of revealing how territorial elements influence customer behavior and experiences. Through this literature review, we provide profound insights into territorial elements within servicescape, underscoring their importance for service quality and customer satisfaction. These research findings are expected to offer practical information to practitioners and researchers on optimizing servicescape to enhance customer experiences. Finally, we discuss future research directions to advance the understanding of territorial elements in various servicescape.

PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI TANAH DI BAWAH TANGAN (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NOMOR 1233/Pdt.G/2020/PN Sby)

Land as part of the earth's surface, has a very important meaning in human life, either as a place or a living space with all its activities, as a source of life, even for a nation, land is a territorial element in the sovereignty of the state. By law, the position of the first inhabitant is recognized as the owner. One of the acquisitions of land for humans is obtained from agreements, namely by transferring land rights that can be done through buying and selling. In carrying out this sale and purchase, the seller and buyer will make a land sale and purchase agreement, so that there will be a transfer of land rights based on what has been promised by the parties. This study aims to determine the responsibility of the parties in the sale and purchase under the hand, to find out the position of the agreement under the hand in the land sale and purchase agreement, and to find out the form of legal protection for the parties in the land sale and purchase agreement based on decision Number 1233 / Pdt.G / 2020 / PN Sby. This type of research is normative lawresearch research using normative case studies in the form of legal behavior products. Normative legal research is research conducted to collect and analyze secondary data. Data sources obtained only secondary data, namely books, diaries, laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories and opinions of leading legal scholars. In this agreement there is an element of error on the part of the seller because the selling party (defendant I) cannot be found to exist and does not help the buyer (plaintiff) to enter into an agreement at the Notary as it should be. The underhand land sale and purchase agreement has only formal evidentiary power. So efforts are needed to provide protection to each party.
 Keywords: law, land, agreement, sale and purchase, rights

Херсонес Таврический: границы и элементы полиса в конце V – IV в. до н.э.

This article studies the spatial structure of the polis of Chersonesus, the interrelationship of its elements and dependence of their relative arrangement on geographical features of the Heracleian Peninsula, i.e. the area where the city of Chersonesus and its chora were located. The main territorial elements of the polis were the city itself; the stronghold in the isthmus of the Lighthouse (Mayachny) Peninsula; the road between the city and the stronghold; landplots in the Lighthouse Peninsula and – later – in the remaining territory of the Heracleian Peninsula. These elements made sense only in their mutual relationship and on condition of their simultaneous functioning (from the end of the 5th c. and during the 4th c. BC). The stronghold in the isthmus of the Lighthouse Peninsula (identified as Strabo’s “ancient Chersonesus”) is described as a phrourion of Chersonesus. Its aim was to maintain control over the territory which was originally populated by the Tauroi. The phrourion marked the western boundary of the polis and, therefore, helped to control the area between the city and the Lighthouse Peninsula. The definition as a phrourion is due to the fact that this site is undoubtedly a stronghold, as it has fortification walls with towers. Further, it is situated at a certain distance from the city, but, due to its geographic location, can belong only to Chersonesus and cannot be an independent settlement. It can be stated with assurance that the phrourion was divided in two areas by a crosswall, i.e. the diateichisma discovered by Pechenkin. The fortification walls defended not only the lower, inhabited, part of the isthmus, but the whole of its territory. The fact that the elevated area of the isthmus was not built over and not inhabited, but was nevertheless walled off and had a temple, allows us to define this area as an acropolis of the phrourion. After the whole territory of the Heracleian Peninsula had been divided into plots, the phrourion naturally lost its original fortificatory significance. This may explain why by the time of Strabo it was ruined: its fortifications could simply become decrepit and were dismantled. The article also reconstructs the temple in the acropolis and puts forward a hypothesis that this temple could be used as a treasury.

Application of Mobile Operators’ Data in Modern Geographical Research

Mobile operators’ data are one type of Big Data. These are any data about events related to the use of a mobile phone. These data include subscriber identifiers and associated time and location attributes. Big Data in general usually includes datasets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time. Big Data can be described by the following key characteristics: volume, variety, velocity, veracity, value, variability etc. Mobile operators’ data are supplied by the Mobile Network Operators. The main distinguishing features of the operator are, firstly, the possession of a state license to use the radio frequency spectrum, and, secondly, the possession or control over the elements of the network infrastructure necessary to provide services to subscribers in the authorized radio frequency spectrum. The smallest structural territorial element for cellular communication systems is a cell; its dimensions can be different (250 by 250 m, 500 by 500 m, etc.).

Entrepreneurship, inclusion or co-production? An attempt to assess territorial elements in social innovation literature

This paper stems from the need to find a renewed interpretative key of the concept of social innovation in territorial approaches: this was done by observing different forms of research, as well as methodological-disciplinary perspectives. To this end, the analysis is based on a systematic review: on one hand, considering the presence of the keyword social innovation combined with the concepts of entrepreneurship, inclusion and co-production; on the other hand, it addresses the presence or absence of any territorial or urban perspective. The aim of the review is to get a better understanding of urban/territorial elements present in the current social innovation academic landscape, and to identify new directions toward which different approaches to SI entail applications to the urban policy field.

METHODS OF ADAPTATION OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE TO MODERN URBAN PLANNING CONDITIONS

The article explores the principles of renovation of industrial areas in the existing urban environment. The classification of elements of industrial territories by size, type is considered. A study of methods of aesthetic renovation of industrial areas is carried out. The basic principles of functional adaptation of objects of industrial architecture in urban space, taking into account urban planning conditions, are revealed. Industrial facilities in Ukraine over the past 50-70 years were built during the period of mass construction in conditions of cost savings, which sometimes led to the simplification of compositional solutions, monotony and vagueness of the architecture of production and auxiliary buildings of enterprises. Most of them were designed on the outskirts of the city, but with the growth of urban areas were surrounded by residential development. A certain order of spatial construction of territorial elements in the process of formation of production territories has been revealed. The smallest element of the production territory is the site of an industrial enterprise, the next largest structural element is an industrial node, that is, a group of enterprises located according to a single architectural and planning plan. Several mutually connected industrial hubs form an urban industrial area, which is connected to the city by a system of highways. Renovation of industrial buildings and structures in the image of the urban environment is proposed to be carried out taking into account the following parameters: urban planning; historical and cultural; material; natural-ecological. It is determined that the possibilities of further expansion of the urban area are reduced due to the need to preserve natural areas and limit the territorial growth of the city. The transformation of existing urban facilities can be divided into renovation with a change in the function of the territory, reconstruction, and partial reconstruction with elements of improvement. Change of functional purpose is carried out taking into account the adjacent territory and its planned development (microdistrict, district, etc., depending on the size of the industrial areas).

Systematic assessment road network impact on atmosphere of urbanized area

Introduction. To study the urbanized territory as a system, an approach was used that allows assessing gaseous and dispersed atmospheric pollution using a unified scale of environmental hazard. The features of air pollution in urban areas were considered, where a significant number of stationary and mobile sources of negative environmental impact are concentrated in limited overpopulated areas.The purpose of the study. the use of theoretical foundations for a systematic assessment of the level of environmental hazard of an urbanized area under the influence of the road network due to a combination of gaseous and dispersed atmospheric pollution.Methods and materials. Based on the improved model of the Urbanized Territory system, the following hypothesis is proposed: 1) motor traffic flows are both independent sources of formation of dispersed particles and sources of uplifting and spreading of particles, which in the presence of gaseous pollutants increases the level of environmental hazard of atmospheric pollution in an urbanized area; 2) atmospheric pollution of an urbanized area is formed when gaseous pollutants and dispersed particles from the street and road network are superimposed on the polluting background of other elements of the Urbanized territory system.Results. The distribution maps of the calculated complex index of atmospheric pollution were obtained for the most problematic areas of the urbanized territory of Naberezhnye Chelny - Prospekt Mira and Kazansky Prospekt. The obtained results characterize the change in the level of environmental hazard of urbanized areas when gaseous pollutants and dispersed particles from the street and road network are superimposed on the polluting background of other elements of the Urbanized territory system.Discussion and conclusion. Based on the generalization and comparison of the results of previous and current studies of the authors, comparing them with the results of other researchers, the hypothesis was fully confirmed. Conclusion. With the confirmation of the hypothesis, the goal of the study was achieved, which has scientific novelty and practical significance for the arrangement of a favorable and comfortable urban environment.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ГРОМАДИ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

In Ukraine, the system of planning the development of territorial communities at the basic level is being modernized. In particular, the preparation of a comprehensive spatial plan for the development of the territory of the territorial community has been introduced as a new tool for territory planning at the local level. The concept of integrated development of the territorial community recommended for development is considered as a means of forming initial data for the development of planning decisions. Its preparation involves broad public involvement in the planning process. The authors of the article became the developers of the concept of integrated development of the Sahuniv territorial community of the Cherkasy region of the Cherkasy district. The main questions that this article aims to answer are the following: what is the experience of developing such documents, what are the basic principles of their preparation, and what is the practical significance of the document. For this purpose, we analyze the approaches to understanding integrated development as a phenomenon, the content of its strategic planning at the local level, the place of the concept of integrated development of the territorial community in the planning system at the local level and its influence on local economic development. The article critically examines the essence and procedure of participatory strategic planning at the local level. Based on the case of the concept of integrated development of the Sahuniv territorial community, the logic of the planning process and the practice of preparing initial data for comprehensive planning of the territory of the territorial community are reflected. The importance of the document for the formation of stakeholder interaction, the involvement of the population in the management decision-making system through planning tools, the coordination of the development of individual components of the local development system, and the identification of territorial elements of integrated community development is reflected. Thus, the article defines the formation of the strategic planning system at the local level in Ukraine as a response to the change of the administrative-territorial structure in 2015-2020 and the deployment of the decentralization reform in Ukraine, and its role for the local economic development and the territorial community of the basic level as a whole, coordination of strategic planning processes for the development of territorial communities and territory development planning.

Russia’s Natural Potential Sustainable Development and “Green” Growth Modern problems

Currently, at the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK), the Department of Economics is conducting a multifactorial and multifaceted scientific and practical study of the influence, relationships and dependence of the development of socio-economic policy in Russia and the complex of property relations. The study is carried out in several stages. At present, the “green” part of the study is being actively pursued: environmental factors, “green” growth and modern problems of sustainable development of the natural potential of Russia are being studied. The work is carried out on the basis of open information (regulations, publications, Internet resources, own research). Environmental components at the present stage have a significant impact on the economic, social and territorial policy of Russia, on the one hand. On the other hand, the Russian Federation itself is a large territorial, human, natural resource and industrial element of the planet Earth. Therefore, the material for research is rich, multifaceted, interesting and constantly updated with new directions.

Evaluation of the application of fungicides of inorganic copper compounds in apple and plum agroecosystems of the Krasnodar territory

In unstable environmental conditions, research on replacing pesticides with high consumption rates with modern ones with lower consumption rates, determining their effect on productivity and biometric indicators of a culture is relevant. The goal of the research was to evaluate the use of fungicides of inorganic copper compounds as the main xenobiotics in apple and plum agroecosystems in the Krasnodar Territory and development elements of energy-saving protection technologies for changing weather conditions that ensure maximum efficiency with minimal ecotoxicity. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020. In extreme weather conditions, the preparations Champ DP, WDG and Kocide 2000, WDG showed the effectiveness of apple scab control at the level of 96.8- ± 0.6%. Fungicides Cuproxat, SC and Terpen C, SC in the control of Klyasterosporioz plum - at the level of 92.2-99.0%. Fungicides of the copper group had a negative effect on apple and plum plants: a decrease in the length of annual shoots and leaf area was noted. The use of Terpen C, SC, containing terpene stimuli, stimulated the growth of one-year plum shoots by 27.7% and an increase in the leaf area by 11.6%, in comparison with the control. The content of copper in the fruits of apple and plum trees and in the soil under their plantations was in accordance with the requirements not exceeding hygienic standards. The results obtained can be used to develop elements of energy-saving technologies for protecting apple and plum trees in a changing climate.

Reincorporación territorial para la construcción de paz. Hábitats autogestionados por excombatientes FARC-EP, Colombia

Los Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR) como asentamientos para desmovilizados de las FARC-EP y su reintegración a la vida civil, en el marco del Acuerdo de Paz firmado en 2016 entre el gobierno de Colombia y este grupo insurgente, se destacan por la autogestión y autoconstrucción de estas villas del futuro por parte de los excombatientes como actores discretos, con diversos grados de consolidación espacial, desde una inteligencia colectiva que deviene de medio siglo de construir su hábitat en la selva. El estudio del caso del ETCR Las Colinas (San José del Guaviare, Guaviare), cotejado con documentos asociados al Acuerdo de Paz, permite establecer los elementos territoriales que posibilitan a los habitantes de estos asentamientos su reincorporación territorial a las comunidades receptoras. Se advierte que los excombatientes se enfrentan a una sensación de incertidumbre producto de la continua presión por parte de diversos actores para que los ETCR desaparezcan, lo que motiva a sus moradores a acelerar la producción de su hábitat en su interés por permanecer.

RELASI STRUKTUR MASYARAKAT DAN TATA ZONASI PERMUKIMAN ADAT DI DESA NGGELA, ENDE-FLORES


 
 
 Title: Community Structure and Zone System Relationship of Nggela Traditional Settlement at Ende, Flores
 Nggela traditonal housing in one of the indigenous settlements that still persist authenticity in Ende-Flores. The traditional leaders who are members of a community structure still exist there and this indigenous settlements are divided into some districts. This study attempts to grasp the relationship between the community structure and zoning, furthermore are there other factors that influencing those relationship. This study applied qualitative methods with naturalistic approach. This study found that the community structure influence zoning system, together wioth other factors, like cosmology, history, protection, activities and sacred territory elements.
 
 

The Relationship Between Academic Well-Being and Territoriality in Italy

The multivariate nature of academic well-being makes difficult to provide a single definition, and finding adequate measures is a difficult task. We accomplished this purpose using job satisfaction and work engagement as measures for academic well-being thanks to the results obtained from the project PIR 2012 “Productivity of Italian Researchers” and the results of the questionnaire UWES-17 administered to Italian scholars. The territorial element appeared to be important to analyse properly the phenomenon of well-being; in particular, we used two notions of territoriality. One aimed to gather information relatively to the perception of the Italian academic system with respect to foreign systems and was mainly concerned with job satisfaction. The other one aimed to gather information at the regional level, comparing the three dimensions of work engagement by macro-areas. The results of our research indicate that there is a lower perception of the Italian system respect to foreign countries because of insufficient career opportunities and an inadequate administrative and bureaucratic structure. This reveals dissatisfaction of Italian academic workers and low academic well-being. From the second analysis we learn that there are significant differences among the engagement scores obtained in different Italian macro-areas but, most importantly, the mean value of engagement in all the areas was only “average”. Low levels of engagement may be the result of low levels of well-being. This empirical analysis offers precious data and suggestions for the Italian policy maker and, in general, for policy makers of similar countries. Enhancing the satisfaction and the engagement of academic workers is fundamental to prevent detrimental outflows of skilled human capital and to attract foreign skilled human capital.

The Unexploited Potential of Converting Rail Tracks to Greenways: The Spanish Vías Verdes

The reuse of Spain’s obsolete railway infrastructure as greenways, namely vías verdes, reflects a Europe-wide territorial strategy, which has resulted in the refurbishment of more than 2500 km of abandoned Spanish railway lines. The potential of these vías verdes as strategical green infrastructure linkers between settlements and their peripheral natural environments is assessed in two Spanish case studies of Girona and Alicante. The territorial elements that affect vías verdes (natural landscape areas, urban settlements and population) are obtained from public administration sources. Additionally, users’ activity through the Wikilock social network is considered. The spatial analysis shows the role of vías verdes in terms of landscape value, accessibility and planning strategy: the itineraries of the vías verdes connect different valuable natural areas with diverse landscape patterns in near proximity to urban nuclei; more than 65% of the population can access a vía verde in less than 200 metres. Moreover, it offers the opportunity to complete a network which could link urban nuclei and their natural periphery through the refurbishment of the remaining stretches. Despite the fact that the full potential of these vías verdes as strategical greenways has not been fully considered in the green infrastructure planning, these corridors could meet environmental, cultural and social sustainable goals.

Geoparks and Education: UNESCO Global Geopark Villuercas-Ibores-Jara as a Case Study in Spain

The UNESCO Global Geoparks is a good didactic instrument that allows teaching territorial elements in transversal way. The geopark provides a means to address the teaching-learning process of both cultural values and natural values, including geology. This paper aims to highlight the educational activities that have emerged from the Villuercas UNESCO Global Geopark. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology based on document analysis and fieldwork has been used. Through a system of categories, we have analyzed the existing materials on the geopark’s website, its activity book and the schools that have been part of its educational project. The geopark and educational centers collaboration has 76 educational proposals that are developed in the territory of the geopark. Since 2011, all schools in its area of action participate in its educational project with a total of 2500 students per year. The Villuercas geopark involves all students in its territory and encourages learning of a significant, transversal and collaborative type. In the same way, it has a positive impact on environmental awareness and respect for the environment and cultural resources.

МЕТОД АНАЛІЗУ РИЗИКІВ ДОСТУПУ ДО АКТИВІВ В СИСТЕМАХ ФІЗИЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ

The subject of study in the article is asset access risk analysis methods inside a physical object. As an example, we consider the object of the physical security system of a scientific institution (as a block of a territorial element) with a hardware environment in the form of devices with low energy consumption and functioning in the Internet of things. The goal is to create a theoretical and mathematical model and method for analyzing the internal components of a security system and access to assets. The tasks set to cover the development of an approach to the analysis of the level of security, which is ensured by the established system of physical security and the formation of an approach to penetration to access assets. In solving the problems, methods were used such as spatial analysis of the physical distribution of system elements, the formation of route graphs, decomposition of blocks and physical protection algorithms, the study of a complete set of components and an individually oriented security element. The following results were obtained: an approach to the analysis of the security level of a physical object using basic parameters consisting of physical and information variables of existing multiple assets was developed, a mathematical model of the system components, block orientation of the perimeter of the object was built, a sequence of stages of penetration into a protected object using multiple routes was proposed. Conclusions: the scientific novelty of the results is as follows: the method of analyzing asset security through the use of environment variables and physical security controls of the facility, as well as the generation and evaluation of penetration routes to the facility to access critical assets, has been improved.