Administrative-territorial Units Research Articles

TBE In Moldova

Tick-borne encephalitis is monitored in the Republic of Moldova with an emphasis on surveillance of ticks with no attention to human cases. The competent national institution responsible for TBE monitoring is the National Agency for Public Health. Official data on vector testing have been recorded since 2011. Ever since, studies on the circulation of the TBEV are conducted annually in spring, summer and autumn by collecting ticks from several regions of the country: Floreşti, Soroca, Bender, Tiraspol, Orhei, Drochia, Hînceşti, Ialoveni, Străşeni, Vadul lui Vodă, Chişinău, Taraclia, and Comrat territorial administrative units. TBEV was detected in most of the regions mentioned above, with highest isolation rates in Chişinău municipality (including Vadul lui Vodă), Străşeni, Comrat, Bender, and Tiraspol (Figure 1).

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES IN THE URALS FEDERAL DISTRICT IN THE CONTEXT OF SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS

The Ural Federal District (UrFO) is one of the most important economic administrativeterritorial units of the Russian Federation. The main branches of specialization of the Ural Federal District are oil and gas production, mining, metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In recent years, the region has faced significant difficulties due to economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District and develop mechanisms for its development. The tasks of the Ural Federal District include to determine the trade structure, main consumers and suppliers in order to identify the most affected sectors of foreign trade activities from the imposed sanctions; to develop mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District in relation to each of the regions that make up it. The study revealed that in 2021 the Ural Federal District's foreign trade relations were mainly with unfriendly countries, which currently restrict exports and imports of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, the author proposed the following mechanisms for the development of foreign trade activities of the Ural Federal District: export diversification, orientation to hightech industries, development of transport and digital infrastructure, promotion of small and medium-sized export-oriented enterprises, state support.

MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS UKRAINE AND STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THIS PROCESS

The article examines the problems of implementing structural transformations in relation to the priority tasks of local self-government in ensuring the capacity of territorial communities for economic development at the regional level in the public administration system. It was established that in such conditions, local authorities must deeply understand the peculiarities of the dynamics of local economic development, possess the necessary knowledge, information, skills and experience to ensure greater competitiveness of their communities in the complex world of new realities. Today, they cannot wait for decisions «from above», but must independently solve their local development issues – creating new jobs, increasing employment of the population, attracting investments, increasing the income of local budgets, improving the quality of life, developing public works and infrastructure.
 It has been highlighted that in recent years in the developed countries of the world, there have been significant changes in the practice of planning the development of territorial communities (local development) and these changes relate to three areas: the levels of government responsibility for the implementation of territorial development planning have changed. Territorial communities assumed almost all responsibility for the local situation, for the level of quality of work, education, recreation and life in the community; the methodology of implementing the local development management process has changed. All activities of communities are subordinated to the strategy, which is created and executed by the community, which is implemented through permanent planned project activities subordinated to the strategy; there was a change in the management entity. Through partnership and inter-municipal cooperation, cities began to independently expand the space of their influence in the region, creating local factors of competitive advantages, forming joint projects to increase competitiveness (transport corridors, industrial parks, public-private partnerships, clusters, etc.).
 It was found that local development, or the development of territorial communities in highly developed countries of the world, is directly related to»local economic development». In fact, local economic development is an objective and complex multifaceted process, it refers to a relatively complete socio-economic unit in which all aspects of the life of society are manifested. The phenomenon of "local economic development" arose as a result of globalization processes, which are becoming the main factors in the future development of the world economy. Analyzing the capacity of the community, the importance of understanding the essence and content of the object of research, the legal nature of the concept of «community» was determined. The development of an administrative-territorial unit depends primarily on an efficient, effective, self-development oriented community. And the state must justify the possibilities of development and the framework of the functioning of such a community in the normative and legal aspect.

DECENTRALIZATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU COUNTRIES

The analysis of modern Ukrainian political and legal research suggests that the theory is dominated by the understanding of the territorial organization of power according to which the territorial community is the basis for the organization of the system of community development management. According to the researchers, it is the excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level that has determined the need for reform. The lack of the necessary economic and human resources makes it impossible for basic local government units to effectively exercise their powers. The main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries in decentralization. To ensure a favorable climate for the decentralization process, special regional development institutions have been created in different countries as executive bodies that assist various departmental structures in their activities, and these can also be independent institutions for the development of regional development programs and fund management, public non-profit organizations, and other non-governmental organizations working in partnership with government institutions. Today, in the context of war, our state as a whole and each individual territorial community in particular lives by different principles, budgets are formed and used in a completely different way, many projects have been suspended, funds allocated for them have been redirected to other areas, and mass migration has taken place both within the country and abroad.
 The article reveals that, according to the researchers, an excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level determined the need for decentralization reform. It is found that the main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries on decentralization issues. It is determined that the goals and objectives of the state policy on reform and decentralization are formed and coordinated with each other, they are specified in various programs and regulations. It can be argued that, in general, Ukraine is moving in the right direction in terms of reforming local self-government and territorial organization of power and covers all socially important areas.

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

The author notes in his research that from 1993 to 1995 a new system of local government was formed, local executive and representative bodies were allocated. With regard to the formation and activities of local executive bodies, the head of state played a key role, the system was based on vertical subordination. At the same time, local representative bodies have gained some independence. In the article, the author examines the history of the formation and development of the institution of local authorities, the development of relations between the head of state and territorial authorities. The subject of the study is the legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the legal norms formulated in them and the practice of their implementation, program documents. The objectives of the work are to identify problems in the system of relations between the President and local authorities. In the course of the study, the author examines the processes of centralization and decentralization. Thus, within the framework of the constitutional reform of the development of local authorities and self-government, the introduction of direct elections of the leadership of administrative-territorial units of some types, the system of vertical power and subordination is maintained. Moreover, the article shows some inconsistency in the ongoing reforms of local government, leveling the increase in the status of local authorities at the expense of other norms and rules. The paper shows that after the constitutional reform of 2022, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan retains full authority over local governments (taking into account the presence of some elements of independence of territorial governments). The article and in conclusion assesses some provisions of the legal acts of Kazakhstan.

Constitutional and legal guarantees of the acquisition of private ownership rights to land in Ukraine

The paper raises the problems of acquiring the right to private ownership of land through the free privatization of land plots from reserve lands. Special attention is paid to the need to implement constitutional principles regarding the guarantee of land ownership, acquisition of ownership in accordance with the law, and equality of subjects of land ownership. The shortcomings of the legal provision of the procedure for acquiring ownership of a plot of land specified in the Land Code of Ukraine, which involves an independent search by a person concerned for a free plot of land within the boundaries of state and communal property and the absence of any criteria for determining the procedure for the allocation of a particular plot of land, have been revealed. The issue of ensuring the principle of equality of the subject of property rights before the law in the process of realizing the right to free privatization of the land plot is raised. Scientific approaches are being developed, according to which the exercise of the right to own land by state authorities and local self-government bodies has a slightly different legal nature and content than that of private owners. The mandatory procedure for the implementation of the relevant right by state authorities and local self-government bodies, which must ensure the right of citizens to free access to information about such a plot, as well as the specified mechanism for its free transfer to the citizen, is substantiated. Based on the results of the study, the need for further improvement of the legislative mechanism for acquiring the right to private ownership of land is substantiated, taking into account the analyzed constitutional principles. Among the key tasks of the legislative support of the relevant procedures, the following are highlighted: land inventory and filling of the state land cadastre at the expense of local budgets in order to determine the free land that is in reserve; determination of criteria and order of possible distribution of land, taking into account the characteristics of specific administrative-territorial units; review of the jurisdiction of consideration of the relevant category of cases in the direction of administrative jurisdiction.

The Potential for Sustainable Local Development through Digital Communication and Digitization of Intangible Cultural Heritage Resources in Făgăraș Land, Romania

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) strengthens community identity and represents a resource for sustainable community development. The current extensive access to the Internet has facilitated the digitization of communication, including ICH. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of both digitizing ICH and digital communication about ICH for local development. The results of a longitudinal research study on local ICH resources available on the official websites of Făgăraș Land administrative territorial units (ATUs) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, together with the results of a content analysis on ICH on the social media accounts of the same ATUs, indicate the digitization of ICH as a sustainable local development resource whose potential can be better exploited. In Făgăraș Land there are also successful initiatives in the fields of both ICH digitization and digital communication about ICH local resources. The Museum of Canvases and Stories in Mândra ATU and the use of social media for communication about ICH in the case of Drăguș ATU are related to such initiatives and are presented as case studies in this article, highlighting the potential of ICH as a resource for sustainable community development in Făgăraș Land.

Особливості формування лідерських компетентностей державних службовців

Effective activity of public authorities guarantees socio-economic development and effective functioning of the state as a whole and individual territorial-administrative units. The question of the competencies of civil servants in this aspect comes to the fore since the effectiveness of their work, the level and quality of the provision of administrative services, ensuring the functioning of the social sphere, the implementation of various development and cooperation programs, etc. will depend on them. In the context of the modern administrative reform in Ukraine, announced by the President, leadership becomes the leading element of the success of the further development and modernization of the civil service and service in local self-government bodies. That is why the development of public managers’ leadership competencies is considered a systemic phenomenon built based on analysis, assessment, and plan formation, with further development prospects by the position held and its level in the organizational system of the civil service. The issue of defining leadership competencies, their assessment, and various methodological approaches to their development allows us to assert the imperfection of the existing system. Nevertheless, the training of leaders-managers should be based on the principles of systematicity and analyticity, on clear and reliable theoretical and logical-methodological provisions. At the same time, identifying and training leaders is a complex process that should be considered as one of the specific types of psychological and pedagogical activity. Moreover, in this sense, the problem of organizing the training of leaders is closely related to the systematic selection of rational methods and methods, methods, and pedagogical technologies adequate to the goals and expected results. After all, leaders’ professional training and personal development should first be aimed at their future practical activities, in which the training results will be realized. Keywords: competencies, leadership competencies, public service, competencies of civil servants.

Aspects of The European Jurisprudence regarding the Legal Nature of some Legal Acts that Have as their Object Real Rights over some Immovable Property

In the context of the interest in the development of real estate projects on land privately owned by the state or territorial administrative units, I wanted to identify how to ensure adequate protection of the developer's rights, namely what real rights can be established in their favor and which is their correct qualification. In this sense, a recent Decision of the CJEU drew my attention. Corroborated with other cases from the CJEU jurisprudence, but not only, I wanted to clarify the nature of the relations that arise between the owner and the developer, and, indirectly, the nature of the rights constituted in favor of the developers.

THE REALIZATION OF SYSTEMATIC CADASTRE WORKS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VINEYARD AND FRUIT-GROWING SECTOR IN ROMANIA

In order to develop the vineyard and orchard sector in Romania from a sustainable point of view, the European Union primarily finances plantations with native varieties. To be able to talk about sustainable development and environmental protection, GIS systems should be structured by fields of activity and become an interface between man and nature. The integration of these projects within the systematic cadastre work would have the effect of obtaining a better reassessment of the agricultural potential of the area. Thus, the "Vasile Adamachi" didactic farm of the Iasi University of Life Sciences has reconfigured the cadastral plots, currently occupying a total area of 16.1 ha with vines and 12.2 ha with fruit trees. This project to modernise the vineyard/fruit-growing plantations was realised from the rehabilitation funds of the European Union, through the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture. The creation by the Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity Agency of an integrated cadastre and land book system, as a "multipurpose" type system within the National Cadastre and Land Book Program, would help the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture to identify agricultural real estate, which includes vineyards/fruit trees, and would encourage the owners of such plantations to access projects from the European Union funds for the modernisation, maintenance in good condition or expansion of vineyard and fruit-growing. Also, the technical-legal situation of the existing real estate at the administrative-territorial unit level could be obtained in real time.

Organization of fighter battalions and their activities during the Great Patriotic War

The article examines the organization of fighter battalions and their activities during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the role of the Soviet and party bodies in ensuring public security in the front line and in the rear areas of the USSR when using voluntary formations. The history of the creation and deployment of fighter battalions as effective forms of popular mobilization in the rear, for the effective fight against German intelligence, which intensified during the period of the enemy's offensive along the entire front line, has been revealed. The content of organizational and pedagogical technology for training the distribution of workers in deficient professions and specialties in the school system of factory apprenticeships has been revealed. The directions and content of the ideological work of the state, focused on the working people of the rear, have been examined. The problemthematic field of this article has been investigated both using the information array of the central authorities and using the historiographic material of the local territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR - the South Osetian Autonomous Region. The problem-thematic field addressed in this article was examined not only based on data from central government bodies, but also for the first time using historiographical materials from the central archive of South Ossetia - a territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR.

ОТДЕЛ КАК ОСОБАЯ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНАЯ ЕДИНИЦА НА ОКРАИНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ: КАВКАЗ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ АЗИЯ

The article is devoted to the study of otdel (division) as an extraordinary administrative-territorial unit of the Russian Empire. On the example of the Sukhumi, Transcaspian, Amudarya and Namangan otdels, it considers the history of their emergence and administrative structure. The named otdels were part of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (Transcaucasian Krai) and the Turkestan Governor-Generalship. The study is based on the published legislative acts, as well as act and office documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and the National Archive of Uzbekistan. The carried out comparative analysis allows typifying otdel as an institution that came into existence on the national periphery of the state, it was equated in the status to the governorate, but smaller in area and population. They were established on the newly conquered lands with a population capable of actively opposing the Russian authorities. A system of military-and-civic administration was introduced in otdels, it assumed the combination of military and civil power at all levels and the preservation of the traditional self-government of the indigenous population and the court to a large extent. The Sukhumi Military Otdel was transformed into a district (okrug) and existed until 1918. The Transcaspian Military Otdel in 1881 was transformed into the Transcaspian Oblast. The Amudarya Otdel in 1887 became part of the Syr-Darya Oblast and existed until 1920. The Namangan Otdel did not function as an independent administrative-territorial unit. It became an uezd of the Fergana Oblast formed in 1876.

Territorial composition of agriculture in the Aral Sea Region of Uzbekistan

In this article, the territorial composition of the agriculture of the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, that is, the Republic of Karakalpakstan is analyzed. Scientific works of scientists from the CIS, Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan on agricultural specialization were studied. The territorial structure of agriculture was first divided into three zones and analyzed. It is also studied within administrative-territorial units. The main goal of this research work is to analyze the territorial composition of agriculture in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Uzbek energy reform: Policy implications for renewables and new regulations

This article provides, according to the Uzbek energy reform and comparative analysis, policy implications for renewables and new regulations. The current condition of the use and application of renewable energy sources (RES) in Uzbekistan is analyzed using statistical data. The conditions for annual energy capacity, import and export of energy products, as well as the construction of the RES are analyzed within the framework of 14 administrative territorial units. The article provides a complete analysis of how the field of energy is regulated using state-acceptable regulatory legal acts. The main subject of research of the article is what benefits are provided in the legislation to individuals and legal entities that have established the use of the RES.

Innovative Factors of the State Regulation of the Development of the Construction Industry

A theoretical analysis of the development of the construction industry as an object of state regulatory influence was carried out, taking into account innovative factors. The main factors of such a process, which hold it back, have been clarified. From the standpoint of a systemic approach, the conditions that need to be formed in order to level the impact of negative trends during the implementation of state regulation of the development of the construction industry in Ukraine are highlighted. Areas of improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of development of the construction industry are highlighted. Improving the system of state regulation of the development of the construction industry requires the identification of key factors capable of contributing to the self-organization of the system. At the same time, the following directions for its improvement can be identified: development based on the existing structure, but with the redistribution of individual functions between the system's links; development on the basis of the existing order of implementation of management functions with quantitative combinations in relation to development subjects of the construction industry at all levels; program-targeted, which takes into account the existence of controlled and controlling subsystems in territorial and branch aspects. This direction is closely related to the regulation of the functionality of the control system at different levels. The key condition for improvement in relation to regulation is not only the presence of communication, but also the appropriate functional content. This direction is the most effective for ensuring the improvement of the system of state regulation of the development of the construction industry. It is shown that in the market economic system there is a need to gradually increase the efficiency of the functioning of its subsystems, both the most complex and the simplest (the country as a whole, industry, territory, individual economic entity). In the process of ensuring the development of the construction industry, as well as a separate administrative-territorial unit (region, district, settlement) of the product of construction production in the required time, in the required volume, with the required quality, the specific characteristics inherent in this territory will be inherent, which determine the choice of appropriate effective solutions . Such efficiency must be considered precisely from the standpoint of territorial development. Thus, the strategies of territorial development and development of the construction industry must take into account the means and ways of achieving the goals, as well as the corresponding indicators that will determine the realization of the main goal. Such indicators can belong to various organizational and technological principles of the construction process, types of structures and materials, techniques and technologies that reduce material intensity, labor intensity, energy intensity, as well as indicators that illustrate the level of investment and innovative efficiency of construction, which leads to a decrease in the cost of production, reduction of payback periods.

Developing a concept for the economic and social management of a city with due account for the predicted industrial development

Subject. Theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the economic and social management of the city with due account of the predicted values of the industrial development.Objectives. Justification of scientific and methodological provisions of a conceptual nature related to urban management and solving local social problems by forecasting the level of industrial development.Methodology. The authors put forward a hypothesis: if the level of industrial development is forecasted accurately, it is possible to plan upcoming changes in the main economic and social indicators of the municipal economy. Theoretically, the hypothesis is based on the method of logical scaling and synthesis of scientific and practical knowledge. Statistical studies were conducted using the method of econometric and financial analysis based on socio-economic indicators of industrial cities in the Southern Federal District of Russia for the period from 2013 to 2022. Forecasting for the subsequent periods is based on an applied approach to constructing estimates of the quasi-maximal likelihood of the level of industrial development, which was carried out using the theory of stochastic differential equations based on methods of probabilistic forecasting.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was substantiated that municipal management contributes to the production of material goods and to harmonisation of socio-economic relations between local authorities, businesses, public organisations, and individuals, which are interrelated with the level of industrial development of a city. The developed applied approach to constructing estimates of the quasi-maximal likelihood of values of socio-economic parameters makes it possible to forecast the level of industrial development of cities in the Russian Federation. Point and interval forecasts lay the foundation for planning economic and other indicators. The concept of economic and social management of administrative-territorial units was proposed. The mandatory socio-economic blocks of the concept were supplemented with the functionality of prediction modelling, which requires further discussion, critical understanding, and subsequent improvement. Future changes in local industrial policy need to be analysed and evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in the context of structural modernisation of the economic and organisational mechanism for urban and social management of the city.

Interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies

It was determined that the interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies is a legally regulated, coordinated and coordinated activity of participants in public-legal relations who perform tasks and functions in the public interest within a defined administrative-territorial unit.
 Peculiarities of the interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies are: 1) their activities are united by common goals and involve the performance of normatively defined tasks; 2) the spheres of their administration are clearly defined in the laws of Ukraine “On local state administrations” and “On local self-government in Ukraine”, and the procedure is established by regulations; 3) public-legal relations arising in the process of interaction can be of different types (types): relations of coordination, subordination, reorientation; 4) can be both organizationally subordinated to each other and have independent rights and obligations; 5) control over the activities of subjects is carried out on a parity basis, i.e., the subject that delegated them controls the execution of delegated powers, and the one to whom such powers were delegated performs. Moreover, as noted above, local state administrations and local self-government bodies can delegate powers to each other; 6) regardless of the existence of different statuses of public authorities, the state and activity of one element are reflected in the state and activity of other elements related to it; 7) can be both between the subjects of interaction themselves, and between them and institutions of public society, that is, it is an agreed and coordinated activity of subjects of public administration both among themselves and with public organizations regarding the performance of joint tasks.
 The interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies is carried out in the following forms: 1. Appeal – a form of interaction in which local executive bodies and local self- government bodies can request and receive the necessary information both among themselves and, after preparing a joint appeal, apply to another body state power. 2. Assignment - a form of external interaction, in which the subject, endowed with the appropriate powers, gives instructions on the preparation of documents and the implementation of a system of measures to perform tasks in a certain area. 3. Recommendations - a form of interaction in which wishes, advice, instructions are expressed to organize and carry out certain administrative, organizational, legal and other types of measures, as well as to perform certain actions necessary for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks. 4. Organization of joint conferences, round tables and other scientific and educational events with the aim of developing public society institutions and protecting the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens. 5. Consultations and provision of conclusions.

Organizational and Economic Aspects of Agrarian Tourism Activity Management in Uzbekistan: Analysis, Changes, And Prospects

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to investigate the organizational and economic facets associated with the management of agricultural tourism in Uzbekistan. The focus is on understanding the potential for the rapid development of the country's economy through the promotion of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Methods: The study engages in theoretical research, culminating in the development of an author's definition of agricultural tourism. This definition is crafted by synthesizing insights from both foreign and local scholars. The research employs a multifactor econometric analysis, utilizing multifactorial production functions and related functions, to examine the factors influencing the development of agrarian tourism. The chosen objects of observation are tourist enterprises in Fergana and Tashkent regions engaged in agrarian tourism, with financial and economic data being key components of the analysis. Additionally, econometric models are formulated to depict changes in income volume from agrarian tourism services, based on multi-factor linkages, and medium-term forecast indicators are established.
 
 Results: The article presents the findings of the analysis of 19 administrative-territorial units in the Fergana region, evaluating the existing conditions and resource potential for the development of agrarian tourism activities. Integrated indicators, reflecting the overall potential for each region, are determined through the integration of various parameters. The article employs the Sterjess formula to group these integrated indicators, leading to the categorization of regions into four zones concerning the development of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive research conducted, the article concludes with practical proposals and recommendations. These are aimed at fostering the development of agrarian tourism activity in Uzbekistan and enhancing the overall efficiency of activity management in this sector. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of leveraging the identified zones for targeted strategies to maximize the economic benefits of agricultural tourism in the country.

Internal Public Audit Mission Regarding "The Assessment of the Corruption Prevention System - Year 2023" at the Level of Local Public Entities in Paltiniş Zonal Center Part II Assessment of Corruption Risks and Assessment of Integrity Incidents

Internal public audit is an essential component of local public administration. In the second part of the article, we have carried out an analysis of the implementation stage (implemented / partially implemented / not implemented) in the case of two preventive measures: Corruption risk assessment and Integrity incident assessment, measures that were audited during the mission of internal public audit regarding the "Evaluation of the corruption prevention system - year 2023" within 14 entities (7 territorial administrative units and 7 secondary education units). In 2023, the third stage of auditing the measures to prevent corruption was carried out, the first stage was carried out in 2019, and the second stage was carried out in 2021. The fourth stage of auditing these preventive measures will be carried out in 2025.

Internal Public Audit Mission Regarding "The Assessment of the Corruption Prevention System - Year 2023" at the Level of Local Public Entities in Paltiniş Zonal Center Part I Assets Declaration and Gifts Declaration

Taking into account the fact that at the level of public entities more and more varied activities are carried out, this presupposing certain more or less controllable risks, the internal audit is no longer limited to financial-accounting activity, this aspect being supported even by the provisions of art. 15 of Law no. 672/2022 on the internal public audit, republished, with subsequent amendments and additions, where it is specified that the internal audit is carried out on all activities carried out at the level of a public institution. The national anti-corruption strategy 2021-2025, approved by GD no. 1269/2021, gives priority to preventive measures in sectors that are exposed to corruption. In the first part of the article The internal public audit mission regarding "Evaluation of the corruption prevention system - year 2023" at the level of local public entities in the Păltiniș Zonal Center, we carried out an analysis of the implementation stage (implemented / partially implemented / not implemented) in the case of the first two preventive measures: declaration of assets and declaration of assets, measures that were audited during the internal public audit mission within 14 entities of Păltiniș Zonal Center (7 administrative-territorial units and 7 secondary education units).