Territorial Administration Research Articles

‘Priest’—‘Eparchy-arch’—‘Speaker of the ethnos’

In the Roman Eastern provinces, the concept and rituals of a province-wide imperial cult were based on a pre-existing tradition of Hellenistic ruler’s divinization and worship. But its formal mise en place was conformed to the new territorial framework of Roman administration: a gubernatorial provincia/ἐπαρχεία appears subdivided into several administrative sub-provinces that were likewise called provinciae/ἐπαρχεῖαι. The cities of almost all known eparchies in terms of sub-provinces formed koina responsible for the provincial imperial cult and the political representation of the provincials headed by priestly officials, such as bithyniarchai or ‘(high-)priests of the eparchy/-ies’, whose titles refer explicitly to the represented sub-province. The correlation between these koina and Roman territorial administration from almost all Eastern provinces demands more political functions of the koinon-officials than only priestly ones, as shown by the frequently combined titulatures.

Regional targeting of the Russian economic policy: an institution for spatial planning of territories

This article aims at assessing the state of Russian economy amid lower energy prices and the “exchange of sanctions” and identifying the priorities for Russian economic policy as a universal institution capable to support the stability and systemic character of development. It proposes to use the optimization of inter-budgetary relations in Municipality—Region—Federal Center system in order to initiate the process of spatial development of Russian territories by involving the regional and municipal capabilities in the development processes. All Russian citizens are recommended to adopt a more rigorous and responsible attitude towards the Constitution as the Basic Law, which received support from people and defines strategic priorities for the long-term development of Russia. The article provides a rationale for the methodology of optimizing the inter-budgetary relations between the Federation, its subjects and municipalities through a science-based division of powers and responsibilities for the socio-economic outcomes at each level. It proposes to involve the experts and the public in the development of a national plan for socio-economic and social development, the main priorities of which should be the improvement in the quality and effectiveness of public administration and spatial development of Russian territories. The author makes the case for the mechanisms and institutions that can connect the regions and territories to the implementation of such national plan. The conclusions and recommendations proposed in this article can be used by the federal authorities when drafting and adopting the laws and other regulatory acts on the distribution of powers and optimization of the budgetary process. They can also be used by regional and municipal authorities when planning and designing the spatial development of their territories.

Accessibility to nodes of interest: Dislocation of the industrial districts of Tuscany

The present research starts by a series of experiences gained by the author on the theme of attractiveness/accessibility of territories, in light of the most recent dynamics for the analysis. The equation model used is of gravitational type. Specifically, the impedance function is used in the form of logistics, which has so far provided the best results in the analysis of territories. The research is conducted at the municipal level. The paper aims to analyze the connection between these works and the map of industrial districts, recently produced by ISTAT. The analyzed region, as in other publications, is Tuscany, which provides the details on the municipal map of accessibility in relation to the location of industrial clusters. The metropolitan city of Florence is treated separately. The aim is to provide policy makers with the best socio-economic information for the economic and financial administration of territories.

Changing institutional framework for spatial planning in the western Balkan region. Evidences from Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia

The contribution aims at providing a preliminary insight on the evolution of the institutional framework for spatial planning in the Western Balkan Region since 1989. It does so by proposing a conceptualization of spatial planning domestic contexts as dynamic objects subject to continuous change, and by identifying the main driving forces that contribute to shaping their patterns of change in the geographical area at stake: (i) domestic transition from a centrally planned economic model to a decentralized model based on free market rules, (ii) process of European integration and the Europeanization mechanisms triggered by the latter. On this basis, the authors explore the territorial administration reforms and evolution of spatial planning legislation specific for Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia in the last 25 years in more detail manner, highlighting and discussing both similarities and differences

Development of ecologically safe technology of recycling of industrial waste in the production of modified non-autoclave aerated concrete

The results of environmental monitoring for environmental security within the framework of territorial administration of the Central Federal district of the Russian Federation showed the necessity of developing a new ecological mechanism for rational control of the process of recycling of technogenic wastes. It is established that at increase of industrial production and the growth and accumulation of industrial waste and increases the negative impact on the environment. Determined that the production of phosphorus mineral fertilizers in Russia as a whole is formed 25 million tons per year of phosphogypsum, and utilized only a tenth. In Russia on distilleries waste DDGS is 9-14 million tons per year, not utilized – about 1 million tons. In Russia milk manufacture gives rise to waste of whey in an amount of about 6 million tons per year. Warehousing, industrial waste dumps occupy thousands of hectares. They are washed into sewers, groundwater, reservoirs, result in the earth, causing serious ecological damage to the environment. This requires the disposal of such waste. The most promising method of disposal is considered as the placement of industrial waste in the production of construction materials, particularly aerated concrete products.

Zastosowanie analizy SWOT w doskonaleniu zarządzania jednostkami administracji terytorialnej

Zastosowanie analizy SWOT w doskonaleniu zarządzania jednostkami administracji terytorialnej

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF SUPPORTING YOUNG TEACHERS IN THE EU COUNTRIES

The purpose of the article is a description of the basic points of the uniform policy adopted in the European countries (EU members) targeted at the support of beginning teachers. At present, the majority of the European countries face shortage of teachers. For various reasons young teachers leave the profession. The number of such teachers can be reduced significantly if at the beginning of their professional career they are given complex support including personal, social and professional components. The problem of young teachers’ outflow from comprehensive schools takes place in our country, too. That is why foreign experience of solving this problem is important. Methods . Methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of foreign experience are used. Results and scientific novelty . After the analysis of the European commission documents, the main components of the program for the support of beginning teachers during the induction period, recommended for introduction in EU countries, are defined. Each component of the induction program (personal, social and professional) has a number of necessary elements characteristics of which are given in the article. The program provides four interconnected systems of support: mentoring, support of experts, support of colleagues and self-reflection. The article contains a short description of these systems (types of support, the purposes, key factors, kinds of activity, necessary conditions). The article gives also the main, general conditions necessary for effective implementation of induction programs. Practical significance . The results of the research of the experience in EU countries on supporting beginning teachers during the induction period of their professional career can be useful to the heads of the regional ministries and territorial administrations of education, comprehensive schools developing a system of measures for supporting young teachers.

Metody analizy i oceny ryzyka stosowane w zarządzaniu kryzysowym na poziomie gminnym

This article examines crisis management on the municipal level. The rapid reaction of territorial administration units to crisis and the correct assessment of the possibility of it occurring is more and more important. The goal of the article is to identify the risk analysis and assessment methods which are or could be used for crisis management purposes on the municipal level. The risk assessment needs of territorial administration units are defined and the survey results of practical utility of risk analysis and assessment methods is presented. The best risk analysis and assessment practices in the world are also discussed.

Lógicas de espacialização missionária e agendas da cooperação internacional: uma perspectiva multissituada a partir de ações junto aos povos indígenas

Resumo O artigo discute processos de espacialização de missões religiosas de origem protestante ecumênica que atuam junto aos índios, entendendo-os como parte dos mecanismos contemporâneos de formação do Estado e de gestão de territórios e populações. Busca complexificar as interpretações sobre a relação das missões com mecanismos coloniais e pós-coloniais de dominação, explorando a pluralidade de motivações, de formação de alianças e de sentidos veiculados por elas em diferentes espaços geográficos e períodos de tempo. Para isso, examina quatro casos, na Coreia do Sul, Noruega, Argentina e Brasil, analisando os nexos das missões com redes locais e transnacionais de apoio, notadamente no campo do desenvolvimento, dialogando com as discussões metodológicas na antropologia sobre as etnografias multissituadas.

What is an International Post-Belligerent Administration?

Academic experts use many approximate terms to describe the whole framework of territorial administrations, relying on the resurgence of old concepts such as “international protectorate” or “colonial rule,” associated with the idea of an international trusteeship (international authority).1 To refer to the subsequent practice, the terms of “benevolent autocracy”2 and “humanitarian occupation”3 are used frivolously. For specialists looking for “heritage” of territorial administrations, the neo-colonial context could be explained by the fact that “[c]olonialism lasted long enough to destroy the preexisting social and political institutions, but not long enough to put anything solid and lasting in their place.”4 Some others even justify a form of neo-imperialism to maintain international order: Those who imagine a world beyond empire imagine rightly, but they have not seen how prostrate societies actually are when nation-building fails, when civil war has torn them apart. Then and only then is there a case for temporary imperial rule, to provide the force and will necessary to bring order out of chaos.5

Politics and the Crown in the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099–1187

AbstractThe success of the First Crusade in 1099 resulted in the settlement of small groups of Franks in the newly conquered territories in the Holy Land. The survival of these settlers and their ability to develop a viable kingdom based on Jerusalem and the coastal cities depended on various factors: the relative weakness and disunity of the neighbouring Seljuq and Fatimid states; the rapid organization of political and territorial administration by King Baldwin I (1100–18); and close relationships with western powers. The development of the crown's institutions during the 12th century, however, was undermined by weak succession to the throne and the opportunities this afforded the baronial classes to intervene in politics and governance. The difficulties of ensuring succession to the throne, coupled with external threats from resurgent Islamic states in the late 12th century, form the main themes in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1100 and 1187.

Efficiency of Public Administration and Economic Growth in Russia: Empirical Analysis

1. Introduction Under current conditions of Russian economy modernization, executive authorities of the Russian Federation faced the need to revise traditional models of public governance that proved to be inadequate to new requirements of regional governance. Population demand for various types of public services is a key factor in creating the system of territorial governance. Participation of population in all stages of the process will specifically allow to take into account the needs and, depending on them, to adjust the funding of various spheres of public life [7]. In recent years the regions have implemented some measures aimed at improvement of tasks performance of government executive authorities and the quality of services provided to the population. Standards of social services for senior citizens and people with disabilities, Nomenclature and Provisions on the work of public institutions of social services, Lists of guaranteed social services and additional services with tariffs approved by resolutions of Regional Tariff Service were developed and endorsed by the Heads of local governments of various constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, a variety of software systems to form a database of social services consumers were developed and implemented. However, the above-listed measures are not sufficient for a systematic approach to formation of regional governance mechanisms and provision of high-quality public services [6]. Moreover, experience of territorial governance in the last decades shows a clear trend of strengthening regional differences within national federal system. All this imposes requirements for the development of theses of modern theory of regional efficiency and coordination of obtained evaluations with the level of socio-economic territory development. Modern theory and practice of regional governance offers various perspectives on problems of efficiency and development dynamics of meso-level economic systems. Thus, the method developed by the Government of the Russian Federation [15] defines a unified procedure for evaluating the performance of executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the accounting period in order to prepare an annual report to the President of the Russian Federation. It is worth mentioning that within the framework of the aforesaid methodology there were developed some algorithms allowing calculating the proportion of inefficient expenditure in total budget expenditures in various spheres of life of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In this case quantitative evaluations are formed. The disadvantage of these algorithms, and, therefore, evaluations obtained on their basis, is the fact that the data from different constituent entities are used in the calculations, and, thus, the evaluation of inefficient spending of one constituent entity is put in dependence on the indicators of the other constituent entities. The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in the last statistics digests Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators [16, 32-35] indicates the rank of the region along with the evaluation. The main indicators most commonly used for evaluation of regional development are unemployment rate and GDP per capita [9, 190]. Another method of analyzing the development of regions is an adaptive method of regional indicators space structuring. The centerpiece of proposed approach is a concept of a zone of acceptable (average) states which is defined as a certain neighborhood of average indicator values for the group of regions under consideration. Thus, the resulting structure of the space of indicators is determined not only by the size of the zone, but position in this space of the center of mass the point defined by the average values of the indicators for the given set of regions [19, 172-181]. Questions of territorial administration performance evaluation are widely discussed in both foreign and Russian studies. …

Considerations of Humanity: Accountability in U.N. Transnational Administration of Territory

A recent development in the domain of International Law pertains to the transitional administration of territorial units by the United Nations, on behalf of the International Community. In well known cases of East Timor and Kosovo, the United Nations Security Council passed its resolutions, 1244 (1999) and 1272 (1999), on Chapter VII of the UN charter after determining a threat to peace in the internal situations in both states and thus coming to assist those particularly weakened territorial units. The administrative units that were set up by the United Nations in this regard were on behalf of the international community to protect weakened states. These administrative units were meant to function until the states could become self-governing. All these functions and responsibilities of UNMIK (United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo) and UNTAET (United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor) were to be in compliance with the basic tenants of Human Rights, the UN Charter and the UNSC resolutions that established these Administrations. During their periods of administration, these administrative bodes committed several Human Rights violations, due to the extremely wide ambit of powers given to these bodies and extremely inefficient and minuscule control measures established over them. Through my research paper, I aim to analyze the solutions employed by the UN in the form of tribunals to hold the administrative bodies responsible. Further, I will research into the role of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal in situations like these. In continuation, I shall suggest mechanisms that may be implemented in future situations like these to ensure that Human Rights are at the core of any transnational administration set up by the United Nations and the interests of the distressed population are the primary concern of the administrative body operating in the territory. Lastly, I shall delve into the atrocities committed by the UN Peace Keeping forces, the administrative and jurisdictional difficulties in holding them accountable and possible solutions for this.

Metody oceny systemu kontroli zarządczej na przykładzie wybranych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego

Metody oceny systemu kontroli zarządczej na przykładzie wybranych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION: DEBATING RELIGIOUS AND HUMANITARIAN APPROACHES IN NORWAY

Abstract This article aims to analyse the meaning of religious and humanitarian approaches in the field of international cooperation, setting out from a study of Norwegian cooperation with indigenous peoples. In so doing it describes and evaluates the differences between missionary and philanthropic trends in the debates on indigenous rights, their contribution to the establishment of contemporary Norwegian national values and state building, and their role as key elements in the control and administration of territories and populations. The article concludes by suggesting a number of research directions connected to the understanding of international cooperation as a space for creating a political agenda connected both to policy proposals and to the building of social movements.

Theoretical and methodological reflection of a case study on the Deblínsko landscape project

Full text of the article is available both in English and Czech.The case study is based primarily on long-standing collaboration of two public sector institutions: the MU in Brno and the Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten, with cooperation of experts in numerous other institutions. The MU in Brno and the Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten focus on research, teaching and, above all, practical applications of sustainability/security. The objective of the study is to revise the theoretical and methodological frameworks influencing approaches to teaching sustainability in primary education and, through it, to open a discussion of civic society topics and formation starting at the level of children/pupils/students. The vehicle for achieving the objective is a thorough critical view of the “Deblínsko landscape project”. The authors’ experience concerns development of dialogue between the world of science and its applications and needs of those on whom its consequences impact. They are collected as part of activities aimed primarily at intensive field and project teaching, which reflects the sustainability discourse in the primary, secondary and tertiary education practice and is also connected with establishment of international collaboration. The focus of the field work is based on the understanding of each of the institutions as regional education centres (Deblín Primary School and Kindergarten = community centre), focused on solving issues of sustainability, involving owners, users, decision-makers, shareholders and stakeholders within public territorial administration, represented by means of goals and measures of regional development schemes along with micro-regional development programmes and local action group (LAG) activities.

Why Do Some Insurgent Groups Agree to Cease-Fires While Others Do Not? A Within-Case Analysis of Burma/Myanmar, 1948–2011

This article uses Burma/Myanmar from 1948 to 2011 as a within-case context to explore why some armed insurgent groups agree to cease-fires while others do not. Analyzing 33 armed groups it finds that longer-lived groups were less likely to agree to cease-fires with the military government between 1989 and 2011. The article uses this within-case variation to understand what characteristics would make an insurgent group more or less likely to agree to a cease-fire. The article identifies four armed groups for more in-depth qualitative analysis to understand the roles of the administration of territory, ideology, and legacies of distrust with the state as drivers of the decision to agree to or reject a cease-fire.

Las conflictivas relaciones entre los regidores militares y los capitanes generales de la costa de Andalucía y de la costa de Granada en el siglo XVIII

Las discordias entre las principales autoridades que manejaban el destino de la Administración territorial fueron una constante en el transcurso del siglo XVIII. La falta de entendimiento y colaboración entre las instancias civiles y militares mostraban las dificultades de convivencia de los responsables del ejercicio de gobierno común. Los litigios entre los gobernadores y los capitanes generales en Andalucía tuvieron variados orígenes y discurrieron en parcelas tanto profesionales como personales. La ambición de poder y las posibilidades de alcanzar mayor prestigio entre los de su clase impulsaron ciertos comportamientos de prepotencia social y política.

The Archipelagix Paradox: Island, Cities, and the Modern States, 1808-2008

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Your Country, My Rules: Can Military Occupations Create Successful Transitions?

This paper argues against the idea that successful transitions can be created in the context of transformative belligerent occupations. It explains that given the prevailing interests of occupying powers and their tendency to ignore or underestimate the needs and political participation of the local population in the transition process, military occupations are ill-suited for applying precepts of transitional justice. Instead, it calls for the implementation of either international or multilateral approaches to transition processes in times of occupation, both in the form of international administration of territories or the operationalization of good practices and jus post bellum concepts. In the end, however, the paper recognizes that the political situation in today’s world makes these alternatives difficult to implement in practice, even if they are desirable lege ferenda.