Terpolymer Resin Research Articles

Studies of Kinetics and Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Synthesized Novel Organic Terpolymer Resin

Abstract: The terpolymer resin 2,4-DHP-4-PAF-III was prepared by condensation of 2,4-dihydroxypropiophenone, 4- pyridylamine and formaldehyde in the presence of 2M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst in the temperature range 125 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs in 3:1:5 molar ratios of reactants. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectral studies have been carried out to confirm the structure of the resin. The thermal degradation behavior of terpolymer was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 0C/min. Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll methods were used to calculate thermal activation energy (Ea), entropy change (∆S), free energy change (∆F), apparent entropy change (S*), frequency factor (Z) and order of reaction (n). Thermal activation energy (Ea) calculated by Sharp-Wentworth (28.81 KJ/mole) method and Freeman-Carroll (29.47 KJ/mole) method are in good agreement.

Novel Terpolymer Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Ion-Exchange Studies of Terpolymer and its Composite

Novel Terpolymer Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Ion-Exchange Studies of Terpolymer and its Composite

Evaluating (p-Semidine-Guanidine-Formaldehyde) terpolymer resin efficiency as anti-corrosive agent for mild steel in 1 M H2SO4: An experimental and computational approach

Corrosion is a critical concern in various industrial applications, especially in acidic environments. In this study, for the first time, we investigate the efficient anti-corrosive effect of (p-Semidine-Guanidine-Formaldehyde) terpolymer resin on mild steel in a corrosive sulfuric acid (H2SO4) medium. The research employs a comprehensive approach, combining experimental and computational methods to gain deeper insights into the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Electrochemical and gravimetric measurements are performed to determine when the inhibitor is incorporated andor not, mild steel corrodes at similar rates. The inhibition efficiency (%) is calculated based on the obtained data, revealing the effectiveness of the terpolymer resin showing an inhibitory efficacy of 93.70 % at an ideal concentration of 1 × 10−3 M as a corrosion inhibitor. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface is examined, and a Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is applied to explain the adsorption process. The computational simulations including HOMO and LUMO analyses shed light on the electronic properties and chemical structure of the (p-Semidine-Guanidine-Formaldehyde) terpolymer resin, elucidating its anti-corrosive mechanism. These findings hold significant implications for designing effective and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for various industrial applications, leading to improved material durability and safety.

Derivative of aminoresin as potent anti-virulence agent: Synthesis, spectral (FT-IR, UV, NMR) analysis, molecular docking, effect of polar solvation dynamics, and quantum chemical investigation

This work undertakes a comprehensive study encompassing the synthesis, spectral characterization (FT-IR, UV, 1HNMR , 13CNMR), exploration of polar solvation dynamics (DMSO, EtOH, MeOH) on the molecular structure, quantum chemical calculations, topological (ELF, NCI) analysis, and molecular docking investigation. The focal point is a derivative of amino terpolymer resin, synthesized via the condensation of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and formaldehyde (DHQF). Thorough examination of the compound was conducted to evaluate its responsiveness in varying solvents and investigate its viability as a key candidate for antivirulent therapy against toxins from Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica. Simulation of solvation dynamics underscored the compound's robust thermodynamic stability even at lower temperatures. Primary vibrations noted within the compound encompassed CH, OH, NH, CH2, and CN vibrations, whereas UV spectroscopy unveiled an electronic shift from HOMO to LUMO, featuring peak absorption at 292.77 nm, influenced by its interaction with DMSO. The molecular docking analysis reveals the terpolymer's significant bioactivity against proteins 7EE6 (affinity: −6.7 kcal/mol) and 5V6f (affinity: -7.1 kcal/mol) associated with V. cholerae and S. enterica. The binding affinity of DHQF with S. enterica toxin protein (PDB: 7EE6) is comparable to that of standard drug Ciprofloxacin (affinity: −6.9 kcal/mol) and the toxin protein. However, the binding affinity between DHQF and V. cholerae toxin protein 5V5F considerably surpasses the binding affinity (−4.6 kcal/mol) between Doxycycline and the toxin protein. More so, the complex shows close binding affinities to both proteins and a higher number of conventional hydrogen bonds, this formed multiple favorable interactions, particularly conventional hydrogen bonds, contributing significantly to the stability of the ligand-protein complexes. In conclusion, the analyzed terpolymer displayed favorable qualities and interactions, which establish it as a strong candidate for addressing the targeted V. cholerae and S. enterica pathogens. These findings highlight the compound's impressive stability and its potential for various therapeutic applications in different areas.

A study on ion – Exchange properties of some terpolymer resins

Ion – exchange resins play important role in the removal various types of pollutants and purification ofwater and oil recovery industries. In the present work, the authors report on ion – exchange properties of ter-polymer resins based on 2–4 di-hydroxy phenyl alkyl ketone / furfural / formaldehyde (DHPPE-FF- MM). Ion – exchange behavior of DHPPE-FF-MM resin is examined for selectivity of Fe2+, Cu3+, Ni2+, Co 2 +, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in the presence of various electrolytes of different concentrations and {PH} value. The batch equilibrium method is used to study selectivity of metal ion uptake involving different metal ions and various electrolytes having different ionicities. The ter-polymer resin has shown highest selectivity for the Cu 2+ metal ion than the remaining ions. Further, comparison in rates of metal ion uptake by the polymer resin in the presence of various electrolytes of different concentrations and PH values are also investigated. Distribution of metal ions in an electrolyte with different concentration and PH are also presented.

An Eco-Friendly Terpolymer Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Ion‐Exchange Properties

2, 2’- Biphenol-Hexamethylenediamine-formaldehyde Terpolymers (BPHDF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2, 2’- Biphenol, Hexamethylenediamine, and formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst with varying molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and the number–average molecular weight of these resins was determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N, N-dimethyl formamide which indicate normal behaviour. IR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The terpolymer resin has been further characterized by UV–visible and 1H-NMR spectra. The surface morphology of the terpolymer resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. One of the important applications of these terpolymers is their capability to act as chelating ion-exchangers. The newly synthesized terpolymers proved to be selective for chelating ion-exchange properties and showed a powerful adsorption towards specific metal ions like Co2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+. A batch equilibration method was adopted to study the selectivity of the metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of the given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion over a wide range of concentrations and pHs of different electrolytes. The terpolymers showed a higher selectivity for Co2+> Hg2+> Cd2+> Pb2+.It is also observed that the amount of metal ions absorption by the BPHDF terpolymer resins increases in the order: BPHDF-3 > BPHDF-2 > BPHDF-1 due to introduction of more and more phenolic groups in terpolymer resins from BPHDF-1 to BPHDF-3.

Synthesis, characterization and applications: Novel terpolymer and its composite

A new approach for the treatment of effluent streams has been developed by synthesizing an innovative chitosan based terpolymer composite gaining a considerable attention in the wastewater treatment community. The present research article reports on the synthesis of terpolymer composite from 4,4′ – oxydianiline, carbohydrazide with formaldehyde and chitosan for the recovery of toxic and heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The synthesized adsorbents have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Batch separation technique has been used in the ion-exchange process for the removal of selective metal ions like Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ by terpolymer and its composite. The results revealed that both the adsorbents are good ion-exchanger however, the composite act as better ion exchanger than the terpolymer. It may be due to the more active sets of amine and carbonyl groups present in terpolymer ligand and the size of particle, high porous and greater surface area, this result investigated by SEM analysis. The results of recovery of toxic metals were matched with the earlier reported terpolymer resins. The adsorption isotherm models were investigated and the results were found well fitted with Langmuir isotherm compared to Freundlich isotherm and follows first order kinetics.

Ion exchange application of HBAE-I resin

Ion-exchange resin abbreviated as HBAE-I was synthesized. Abbreviation HBAE-I used for p-hydroxybenzaldehyde-adipic acid-ethylene glycolco-polymer inl:1:3 ratio. The IR, 1H NMR spectrum areused for characterization. Ion-exchange properties found for Bi3+, Sb3+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ ionsover 4 to 6 pH range. Toxic and heavy metal ions such as Sb3+, Bi3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ are present in industrial effluent and wastewaters. The HBAE-I terpolymer resin are a selective for Bi3+and Zn2+ metals ions at pH 4 and 6 respectively.

Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behaviour Studies of Terpolymer Resin Derived from 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-Sulphonic Acid and Anthranilic Acid

Background: Terpolymer have versatile applications in adhesives, electroluminescent devices, packaging, coating materials, ion exchanger and hardener for epoxy resin. Objective: In the present investigation, our main aim was to synthesize terpolymer using 8- hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid, anthranilic acid and formaldehyde (8-HQ-5-SAAF) via the polycondensation method and to evaluate thermal properties of terpolymer. Materials and Methods: 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid, anthranilic acid and formaldehyde were used for synthesis. Terpolymer was obtained by employing the polycondensation method. Results: TGA analysis shows that the synthesized terpolymer resin was thermally stable. The activation energy calculated by Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth methods has been found to be in good agreement with each other. The low value of frequency factor and negative entropy value indicate that the thermal decomposition would be a slow reaction. Conclusion: The thermal energy of activation calculated by using Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman- Carroll methods has been found to be nearly identical. The terpolymer 8-HQ-5-SAAF starts degradation at high temperature, showing that this polymer resin is thermally stable.

Enhanced performance of terpolymer resin derived from resorcinol/formaldehyde/salicylic acid for antibacterial application

A terpolymer resin derived from Resorcinol, Formaldehyde and Salicylic acid was synthesized through condensation reaction. Transition metal ions namely Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were incorporated into the resin forming polymer-metal complexes. Both the resin and the complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis., XRD, 1H NMR, TGA and SEM/EDX. Elemental analysis was carried out to determine the percentage of different elements present in the resin and its complexes. Conductivity measurement data showed higher conductivity of the metal complexes as compared to its precursor resin. The terpolymer resin and its metal complexes were tested against five strains of gram positive bacteria namely; S. aureus, S. mutans, S. pyrogenes, C. xerosis, C. diphtheria, and three strains of gram negative bacteria namely; E. coli, K. pneuomoniae and P. aeruginosa. All the metal complexes exhibited enhanced antibacterial properties as compared to its terpolymer resin. The Mn(II) and Co(II) demonstrated strong antibacterial activity.

Terpolymer resin containing bioinspired borneol and controlled release of camphor: Synthesis and antifouling coating application

Marine biofouling can cause a biocorrosion, resulting in degradation and failure of materials and structures. In order to prevent sea creatures from attaching to the surface, in this work, a new environmentally friendly antifouling coating by incorporating antibacterial polymers and natural antifouling agents has been designed and synthesized. Surface chemical composition and changes in surface hydrophobicity were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and contact angle measurements, respectively. Measurements of mass loss of antifouling resin were also carried out and the release rate of camphor from antifouling coating was tested by using UPLC. It had been found that the changes in the content of triisopropylsilylacrylate (TIPSA) (from 4% to 12%) and isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) (from 50% to 16.7%) did not significantly affect the release of camphor. The content of IBOMA decreased from 50% to 16.7%, the antifouling performance of the resin system appeared slightly reduced. In addition, rosin could help regulate the release rate of the resin system to desorb camphor slowly in water in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the antifouling capability of as-prepared samples was evaluated via algae suppression experiments and marine field tests. This study highlighted the environmentally friendly antifouling coating as a potential candidate and efficient strategy to prohibit biofouling in seawater.

Preparation and characterization of strong cation exchange terpolymer resin as effective adsorbent for removal of disperse dyes

In this study, (hydroxypropylmethacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate‐co‐glycidylmetharylate) terpolymer resin functionalized with sulfonic acid groups was prepared and used as cation exchange resin for removal of two different disperse dyes (i.e., Direct Red R [DR‐R] and Disperse Violet 28 [DV‐28]) from aqueous solution. The properties of the adsorbent were determined using Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller methods. The maximum adsorption capacity of the resin for the DR‐R and DV‐28 was found to be 86.1 and 179.6 mg/g, respectively. Desorption study was realized to evaluate the reusability of the resin and the percent desorption from the resin for DR‐R and DV‐28 dyes was found to be approximately 89.4% and 91.7%, respectively. The experimental data were evaluated using different kinetics and isotherm models. These results show that the experimental data could be designated with the second‐order kinetic model and both Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. Finally, the presented resin was able to remove large amounts of organic pollutants in a short process time with a low amount of adsorbent. Thus, it was shown that the prepared resin has high potential for use as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for the treatment of industrial wastewater. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:192–201, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetics of Thermal Degradation Studies of a Terpolymer Resin

Abstract A terpolymer 4- Hydroxybenzoic acid – Urea - Formaldehyde (4-HBAUF) has been synthesized by microwave irradiation technique with 1:1:2 molar ratios of the monomers respectively, in 2 M HCl medium at 300 W for 15 minutes. The characterization and the structural elucidation of the terpolymer have been performed by elemental analysis, electronic, FTIR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The surface morphological study of the polymer has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation behaviour and decomposition kinetics of the 4-HBAUF terpolymer has been investigated by TGA, DTA and DTG analyses. The kinetic parameters viz. activation energy (Ea), entropy change (ΔS), free energy change (ΔF) and order of decomposition reaction (n) of the terpolymer have been estimated with the aid of Freeman-Carroll and Sharp-Wentworth mathematical models. The half decomposition temperature of the terpolymer is found to be 733 °C and seems to be thermally quite stable.

Synthesis, characterization and biological assay of vanillin and o-hydroxyacetophenone based terpolymer resin and its chelates with transition and inner transition metal ions

Synthesis, characterization and biological assay of vanillin and o-hydroxyacetophenone based terpolymer resin and its chelates with transition and inner transition metal ions

Synthesis and Characterization of New Chelating Terpolymer Resin Derived from p-Amino Benzoic Acid, Biuret and Formaldehyde and Study Efficiency Extractive from Some Metal Ion

In this study terpolymer resin ) p-ABBF) was prepared by condensation of (p-amino benzoic acid) and (Biuret) with formaldehyde in (1:1:3) mol ratio using hydrolic acid as a reaction medium at 130±2 ℃ .The synthesized terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis , FT-IR and (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The intrinsic viscosity was determined. The thermal stability of the terpolymer was analyzed by (TGA and DSC).The morphological feature of the (p-ABBF) terpolymer resin was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Bach equilibrium method was employed to study analytical efficiency of the terpolymer resin towards certain trivalent and divalent metal ions such as (Cu+2,Ni+2, Co+2,Zn+2,Cd+2 and Cr+3( where these metal ions showed large responded to the terpolymer resin record.The effect of treatment time and pH on the loading capacity of the resin was studied while resin and metal ion concentration were kept constant. The results of max loding capacity for the resin (p-ABBF) were as(Cr+3 =9.8 ,Cu+2=6.5, Ni+2=7.6, Co+2=7.4, Zn+2=6.5, Cd+2=5.5). The recovery of ions from resin (p-ABBF) and the regeneration of the resin were also studied using 3M HNO3 as an eluent.The % recovery of each ions from the studied resin are ( Ni+2 =45,Cu+2= 50.6, Cr+3=12.3, Co+2=32.8, Zn+2=75.2, Cd+2=68.4 ).

Ion-Exchange Applications of Newly Synthesized of Aminoacetophenone, Biuret, Formaldehyde Derivative as New Chelating Terpolymer Resin

Ion-Exchange Applications of Newly Synthesized of Aminoacetophenone, Biuret, Formaldehyde Derivative as New Chelating Terpolymer Resin

Synthesis and electrical conductance behaviour of terpolymer resin-II derived from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, urea and ethylene glycol

Summary Terpolymer resin abbreviated as HBUE-II was synthesized by polycondensation using monomers p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.2 M), urea (0.1 M) and ethylene glycol (0.4 M) in the presence of polyphosphoric acid as catalyst at 120 °C. The terpolymer was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR and UV–vis spectra. The resin was found to show semiconducting behaviour in the temperature range 301–448 K. The activation energy by conduction was found to be 1.1163 kJ mol −1 .

NEW SYNTHESIZED METALS CHELATING TERPOLYMER RESIN (O-AABF)

Anew chelating terpolymer resin (o-AABF) was synthesized through the copolymerization of o-Amino acetophenone, Biuret, Formaldehyde in (1:1:3) mol ratio in acidic medium (HCl) by condensation reaction. The synthesized copolymer resin was characterized by UV-Visible, FTIR and 1 HNMR techniques. The empirical structure and molecular weight of the resin were analyzed by elemental analysis. Morphological structure of the synthesized resin was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal properties and stability of the resin was determined by DSC and TGA instruments. The intrinsic viscosity and the viscosity average molecular weight were calculated. Selectivity and binding capacity of the terpolymer resin studied by Batch equilibrium method toward certain trivalent and divalent metal ions Ni +2 , Co +2 , Cd +2 , Cu +2 , Zn +2 and Cr +3 in different pH and treatment time.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Thymol-guanidine- formaldehyde Terpolymer Resin

This paper presents the green synthesis of a terpolymer resin by using the microwave irradiation technique. The resin have been prepared by condensing thymol and guanidine hydrochloride with formaldehyde in 2M HCl using 1:1:2 molar proportions of the reacting monomers in 15 minutes. The synthesized terpolymer resin was purified and then characterized by different spectral methods like 1 H-NMR, FT-IR, and UV-visible to elucidate the structure of the obtained TGF resin.

Studies of Retention and Reusable Capacities of Melamine Formaldehyde Based Terpolymer Against Some Toxic Metal Ions by Batch Equilibrium Method

Chelating terpolymer resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental, physico-chemical, spectral, SEM, XRD, and GPC to elucidate the structure and properties of the terpolymer. Ion-exchange analysis involving evaluation of metal ion uptake in different electrolyte concentrations, pH, and time have been studied to assess the retention capacities of the terpolymer for the metal ions viz. Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+. The adsorption isotherm was evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models and the results were found best fitting with each other. The resin can be successfully used in the field of recovery of metal ions from effluents and contaminated water.