Ternopil Region Research Articles

The thematic paradigm of local knowledge content of the Ternopil region district press of the early 21st century

The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the issue of studying local texts and modeling regional-historical problems in media discourse is becoming increasingly important in journalism today. The article aims to analyze the thematic specificity of the local narrative of the district periodical of the Ternopil region at the beginning of the 21st century. The subject of the study is the thematic features of the local content of district newspapers and their narrative specificity. The research uses a complex-analytical approach, which combines systematic-chronological, historical-descriptive, genre, analytical, problem-thematic, and bibliographic methods. The chronological limits of monitoring are from January 2000 to December 2015. As a result of the research, a holistic view of the main trends of local processes in the narrative reception of district printed periodicals of the Ternopil Region at the beginning of the 21st century was formed, a comprehensive analysis of its problem-thematic direction, features of local history content in the context of the functioning of regional publications of Ukraine was carried out. The local newspaper narratives were systemized into geographic, economic, historical, artistic, and ethnographic problem-thematic groups. We have found out that historic themes are the most popular among local narratives (27.4 %), while others showcase the following results: geographical group (24.4 %), economic group (17.8 %), artistic group (16 %), and ethnographic group (14.5 %). Local narratives of natural and geographical topics reveal the potential of local objects. Publications on economic topics, highlighting the achievements of industries, show readers positive examples of successful compatriots. Historical topics include materials about princely times, the Liberation War, the Sich riflemen and the West Ukrainian People’s Republic, the Holodomor, World War II, in particular the activities of the OUN and the UPA, as well as political repression and emigration. Artistic publications reflect creative processes in the region, and ethnographic publications are represented by descriptions of the folk material and culture of the region. The content core of the geographical group is the territorial description of the area; economic themes in the narrative form reflect the problems of the modern social and economic life of the region; historical narratives uncover the past of the district; the artistic group represents literary and fine arts processes of the region; the ethnographic group promotes folk material and spiritual culture of the land.

Художньо-публіцистичні жанри на шпальтах районної преси Тернопільщини: аналіз краєзнавчого контенту

The article, based on the analysis of narratives of regional press of Ternopil region at the beginning of the 21st century, clarifies the trends of genre correlation in coverage of local lore topics. Its presentation on the pages of the analyzed newspaper periodicals in artistic and journalistic genres was traced. In the modern conditions, when there is an active transition to digital media, the number of traditional print newspaper periodicals decreases. Regional press belongs to the sources of information that are gaining extra importance nowadays, that requires comprehensive study. The objective of the article is to analyze the genre specifics of artistic and journalistic genres of regional press of Ternopil region at the beginning of the XXI century. The subject of the study is the genre features of local lore content of regional newspapers and their narrative specificities. The empirical basis of the study was the regional newspapers of Ternopil region (“Berezhanske viche”, “Halytskyi visnyk”, “Nova doba”, “Visnyk Nadzbruchchya”, “Kolos”, “Narodne slovo”, “Zborivska dzvinytsia”, “Vilne slovo”, “Dialoh”, “Holos Lanovechchyny”, “Visti Prydnistroviia”, “Homin voli”, “Zemlia Pidhayetska”, “Voliia”, “Podilske slovo”, “Holos narodu”, “Novyny Shumshchyny”) published during the period of 2000‒2015. As a result of the research, a holistic view in the coverage of local lore topics of regional press of Ternopil region at the beginning of the 21st century was formed, and a comprehensive analysis of its artistic and journalistic genres was carried out. It was ascertained that the genre of essay dominates in terms of qualitative indicators (60%) as a tool for comprehensive coverage of the narrative specificity of the local lore texts. It was found that the genre palette of local lore materials was also represented in the regional newspapers by sketches ‒ 37.4% and life stories ‒ 2.6%. It is emphasized that journalistic genres, which acquire a specific representation in the columns of the analyzed newspapers, are adapted to the main functions of regional newspapers. At the same time, under the influence of general trends of development of media space, mutually enriching and intercorrelated processes of genre creation are traced, that is genre transformation.

Нарис історії табору примусової праці Кам’янки на Тернопільщині (1942–1943 рр.)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the history of the Kamianky forced labor camp (which included the main camp – Kamianky 1 (now the village of Kamianky, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region) and its subcamps, such as Kamianky 2 (now the village of Romanove Selo, Baykovets village community, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region), Kamianky 3 (the town of Pidvolochysk, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region) and Kamianky 4 (the town of Skalat, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region). Taking into consideration that in the historiography this topic has never been covered before as a separate object of research, as the scientifi c novelty of the proposed article is the fi rst attempt to outline the history of this camp. The methodology. The issue of the creation of the camps, their functioning, as well as their liquidation was studied due to the methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction. Special attention was paid to the identifi cation of the Nazi occupation units responsible for the shooting of imprisoned Jews. The following conclusions were made in the result of research: Kamianky camp (together with its subcamps) appeared due to the need of concentration of workers near the place of work (DG 4 road). Taking into account the number of prisoners of camp, it can be considered as the large one. The number of Jews in Kamianky reached even a thousand, and with the subcamps, then up to two thousand. The peculiarity of the structure of the camp distinguishes it from the other ones, as it had three more subcamps. The article specifi es data on the number of prisoners. It was found out that on the eve of the shootings, there were 1,558 people in the Kamianky camp (together with the subcamps). The article points out that, in addition to the security police from Ternopil and the security service from Lviv, the responsibility for the murders of camp prisoners lies with a special unit - the Caucasian company of the SD (security service). It was created in the structure of Einsatzgruppe D. Later, it changed its subordination and already situated in Lviv belonged to the SD. This unit is the main perpetrator of the shootings of prisoners of the Kamianky system of camps (1, 2, 3, 4).

Accounting policy regarding the risks of business entities

The article examines the problem of taking risks into account in the activities of enterprises using the accounting system. The expediency of risk positioning in the accounting policy is substantiated. An analysis of the presence/absence of provisions on risks in the Orders «On Accounting Policy» of 40 enterprises of the Ternopil Region was carried out. On the basis of critical analysis, the use of the graphic method and generalization, the level of consideration of risks in the accounting policy was revealed. The expediency of assessing the level of consideration of risks in the accounting policy is substantiated. A questionnaire approach to conducting such an assessment and ranking of risks is proposed. Thanks to questionnaires and modeling, the content and implementation methodology of the first stage of forming and changing the accounting policy on the basis of risk management and taking into account the company's development strategy was formed.
 The application of the developed proposals will allow to correctly assess the state of the accounting policy regarding the accounting of risks, to form provisions that are relevant in the strategic plan. This will ultimately contribute to the improvement of accounting and risk management, will allow to develop a system for ensuring the stable financial condition of the enterprise

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF LOGISTICS FLOWS IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY

It is known that the reformatting of logistics has become a key challenge for Ukrainian enterprises. It is outlined the main logistical problems during wars, which include refusal to accumulate, change in storage conditions, difficulties with purchase of goods, complication of logistics operations. It is considered the logistical activities of the private enterprise “Husiatyn furniture factory “Elegant” (Ternopil region, Chortkivskyi district), in particular, a change of logistics chain supplying of the main raw material, upholstery fabric for furniture, since February 24, 2022. The efficiency of replenishment is characterized of the company’s car fleet in connection with the purchase of a cargo vehicle of a DAF car for the delivery of own products, primarily to the eastern and southern regions. The sales activity of the furniture factory “Elegant” was monitored in the section of three zones: West, Center and South. It is determined the sales share of each region in the total volume of sales of the furniture enterprise for the period from 2016 to 2021. It was established that the leading positions from the implemented sales belong to the Western region (46%) due to geographic location of the furniture factory. It was found that during the analyzed period, all the IV quarter of the year is the most effective in the regions. Such dynamics are inherent not only furniture companies. New Year and Christmas are the most favourite holidays for Ukrainians, but they are “hottest” time for shopping in Ukraine. Furniture products are not an exception. Just to prepare for the celebration of the New Year and Christmas consumers spend a significant part of the funds. It is analyzed the work of the Husiatyn furniture factory on a monthly basis since the beginning of the Russian invasion on the territory of our state. It is determined the critical periods and positive shifts in economic activity of a furniture company. After comparing the volume indicators sale of furniture products in physical and value terms according to similar months in January – September 2021 and 2022, we draw the conclusions about a real picture of the work of the furniture enterprise today

HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF THE REGION

Introduction. The article examines the issue of the hydroecological state of water resources of Ukraine in a regional section. The situation and trends in the field of water supply, some aspects of financing, administrative and management vectors in this field are characterized. The need to implement a set of measures to improve the ecological situation, optimize approaches to nature use, preservation and protection of hydroecosystems is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to study the hydro-ecological state of water resources, factors affecting water quality, approaches to the protection of hydro-ecosystems at the regional level (on the example of the Ternopil region). Research methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic generalization were used in the preparation of the scientific publication. Results: Ukraine's water resources require comprehensive measures to improve their ecological status, optimize approaches to nature management and protection. An analysis of the ecological problems of the hydroecosystems of the Ternopil region was carried out, and the main reasons for their degradation were clarified. Installed. the satisfactory state of water bodies and the main areas of work to improve the ecological state of the region's rivers are recommended. It is necessary to clear the riverbeds, optimize the industrial and communal water treatment system, establish and expand sanitary protection zones, strengthen the banks, stimulate the responsible attitude of the population and individuals to the preservation of water bodies and the improvement of their condition through environmentalization, education and financial regulation mechanisms , implement measures to prevent unauthorized interference in channel processes, increase funding for the restoration of water resources with strict control of the expenditure part and strict reporting. Keywords: water bodies; protection; hydroecosystem; ecological condition; degradation.

Breeding value of non-shooting forms of winter garlic in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To investigate the degree of reduced scape of softneck collection specimens of winter garlic of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2020–2022, nine local and introduced varieties of winter garlic (Nos. 19, 27, 33, 43 and 44 from Cherkasy) were stu­died in field conditions (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E) region, No. 14 from Ternopil region, No. 1 from Spain, No. 16 from France and No. 35 from Azerbaijan). Generally accepted methods of genetico-statistical analysis were used to evaluate the garlic collection. Results. The research revealed that the weight of the bulb decreased by 7.6–31.1%, depending on the sample, and the yield by 6.1–38.6% during the formation of a reduced scape. Among the collection samples, according to the “bulb weight” indicator, Nos. 16 and 44 stood out – 57.22 and 52.24 g, respectively, of the sample. Adap­table for this feature were samples Nos. 16, 19 and 44; intensive – Nos. 16, 27, 33 and 44, and stable samples were Nos. 14, 19, 35 and 43. A significant relationship between the coefficient of genetic and environmental variation (CVG/CVA) for the traits “bulb weight” and “yield” was revealed. However, CVG/CVA ratio ≥ 1 is required to obtain high performance. Samples were selected as the initial material for further breeding based on the “yield” feature: according to adaptability and ecological plasticity – Nos. 16 and 44; according to stability – Nos. 19, 35 and 43 and samples of the intensive type – 16, 27, 33 and 44, which will ensure high yields in optimal cultivation conditions. All studied samples that formed air bulbs were characterized by a very large 1000 bulb weight, on average 1156.76 g. The maximum of 1000 bulb weight was characteristic for samples No. 16 and 27 – 1225.73 and 1638.0 g, respectively. Conclusions. The data obtained in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine will be used to develop a breeding research scheme under the conditions of introduction. As a result of the research, a working collection of raw material was created for the breeding of garlic by the classical method – clonal breeding.

THE FORMATION OF BOHDAN KHAVARIVSKYI AS PERSONALITY, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL FIGURE (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)

This article attempts to investigate the development of Bohdan Khavarivskyi as a philologist, teacher, archivist, local historian, artist, personality, public-political and cultural-educational figure in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. This significant list of his interests testifies to this person's uniqueness, comprehensiveness, and talent. Based on the analysis of archival materials, it was found that the formation of B. Khavarivskyi took place in the traditions of family upbringing, his parents and teachers who encouraged him to draw, write poems, recite, and sing was an example to follow in childhood. Bohdan-Roman was a comprehensively gifted individual who could realize his talents later in life. His activities were traced during his studies at the philological faculty of Chernivtsi State University. He attended the literary studio named after Stepan Budny, designed and edited its handwritten newspapers "Sunny Clarinets" and "Vesely Ostap," and gave speeches at scientific conferences. Acquaintance with famous Ukrainian science and culture figures from Chernivtsi contributed to his formation as a mature personality with an active life position and deep national convictions. It has been proven that the beginnings of his pedagogical work were connected to his teaching activities in a rural school in the Ternopil region. Over time, Bohdan Khavarivskyi worked as an educator in the dormitory of Ternopil Technical School № 2. Also, as a teacher at Ternopil Special Vocational Technical School № 3. It was found that the center of the future writer's organization, a professional center of artists, free from the restrictions of the standards of socialist realism, was formed in this educational institution. Subsequently, he was a senior researcher at the Ternopil Regional State Archives, a teacher at the Ternopil State Pedagogical Institute, the head of the public education department of the Ternopil Regional Executive Committee, the director of the State Archives of the Ternopil Region. It is known that he thoroughly mastered the subjects he taught. He practiced original modern forms and teaching methods, involved pupils and students in Ukrainian and world cultural achievements, and worked in close contact with the Ternopil Art Gallery, the Ternopil Museum of Local History, and the creative organizations of the city. He organized fine art weeks and involved artists from Ternopil and Lviv in exhibitions of paintings and graphics.

Analysis of the breeding base of pig breeding in Ukraine

Goal. The comparative analysis of productive traits of different breeds of breeding pigs of Ukraine. The research method is the analysis and comparison of indexes of the development and productivity of pigs of different breeds, changes in the number of animals and subjects of the breeding business in pig breeding during 2017– 2021. The results. The analysis of the state of the breeding base of pig breeding in Ukraine over the course of five years shows the reduction of 31 subjects of the breeding business with a herd of about 7,000 heads of the main sows. As of January 1, 2022, there are 67 breeding enterprises, including 27 breeding factories and 40 breeding farms. To date, pig breeding is represented by 10 breeds of pigs, the most numerous of which are two breeds – the Large White - 60% and Landrace 31.3%, which are bred in 18 and 13 regions of Ukraine, respectively. The largest number of pigs are bred in Kyiv (624,800 heads), Lviv (430,000 heads), Donetsk (405,400 heads) and Ternopil (377,000 heads) regions. And the smallest population is concentrated in Luhansk (40.9 thousand heads) and Kherson (49.5 thousand heads) regions. It was determined that the tendency to increase the stock at the beginning of 2022 was observed in Durok breeds (from 1.98 to 2.47%), Pietren (from 1.58 to 2.08 %), the Red White-belted breeds (0, 23 to 0.33), Wales (from 0.47 to 0.58%) and Ukrainian Steppe White breed (0.96 to 1.26 %). For the rest of the domestic breeds, such as Poltava Meat, Ukrainian Meat and Ukrainian Steppe piked, a clear tendency to decrease was observed, respectively, by 0.13; 0.02 and 0.04%. The analysis of productive traits shows that the reproductive qualities of sows bred in breeding factories are higher than those of breeding farms, this applies to such breeds as Landras, Durok, Poltava Meat. The advantage according to the multifertility index was 1.4 heads, 1.5 heads, 1.0 heads, respectively. As for Welsh and Durok breeds, which are considered meat breeds, but are distinguished by high reproductive qualities (multifertility of the Welsh breed – 13 heads, Durok – 11.6 heads). It is explained, in our opinion, by purposeful selection work aimed at increasing the fertility rate. The reproductive traits of other meat genotypes remain as they meet the requirements for meat genotypes. Conclusions. It is necessary to increase the breed gene fund of Ukraine in order to fully implement selection and genetic programs for the improvement of breeds, as well as interbreed crossing and hybridization. Key words: pedigree pig breeding, breeds, breeding factories, breeding farms, reproductive traits, lard thickness, hybridization.

Assessment of the prospects of creating new forests in Ternopil region

Modern globalization processes, both in Ukraine and around the world, are leading to the increasing use of natural resources, including forests. That is why there is a question of assessing the restoration and increase of forest areas, which will ensure sustainable forest development. Purpose of the work is to evaluate the creation of forest resources within the Ternopil region and propose their optimization. Methods. Descriptive, statistical, comparative-geographical, analysis and optimization modeling. Results. The Ternopil region is one of the sparsely forested regions of Ukraine. Forestry enterprises of the region create new forests in the areas available for afforestation in the course of implementation of forestry management programs of the region, but the main limiting factor is the availability of land plots to meet the needs of afforestation. In order to optimize the process of increasing forested land, it is necessary to afforest lands unsuitable for agricultural production and to transfer self-forested lands to forestry enterprises. However, one of the obstacles to the transfer of land for the use of forestry enterprises is the reluctance to lose valuable assets in the form of land, and the vague prospect of receiving dividends. The state forestry enterprises of the region submitted applications to the city, village and village councils for the allocation of land plots, only some positive responses were received. It is also worth mentioning the problem of collective farm forests, which are currently not provided for use by forestry enterprises of the region and within which neither protection nor use of forest resources is carried out. The main problem for such forests is their transfer for permanent use to state or communal forestry enterprises, or communal enterprises with created specialized forestry units. Therefore, the optimal way out of such a situation can be considered the creation of communal forestry enterprises in territorial communities of the region, which would have the opportunity to gradually create new forests on such a basis. Conclusions. Thus, the identified problems and trends and problems of meeting the needs of the region in forests and achieving the optimal indicator of forest cover of the region allowed to open an alternative way to solve this problem on the basis of direct managers of potential land plots that can be afforested.

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in children with diabetes mellitus: Data from a medical center in Ukraine.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ternopil region (western Ukraine). Serum IgA levels were measured in 240 patients aged 4-17 years with DM and in 324 children of a control group of the same age. Normal IgA level was observed in 210 (87.5%) patients, increased-in 18 (7.5%), decreased (lower than the age reference value)-in 12 (5.0%) patients with DM. The mean IgA level in patients with DM was 152.11±73.78 mg/dL. SIgAD criteria were met by 7 (2.9%) children with DM, but none of the children of the control group met the SIgAD criteria. Female / male ratio among the patients with SIgAD was 1/6. There was no history of recurrent infections in these patients. No correlation between IgA and HbA1c levels was detected. Autoimmune thyroiditis was observed in 42.9% of patients with DM and SIgAD, and in 3.5% of patients with DM and normal or increased IgA levels. Thus, the prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in children with DM in Ternopil region (Ukraine) is 2.9% (1:34). This study shows that patients with low IgA levels need further re-examination of IgA levels to exclude SIgAD. Children with SIgAD and DM should be monitored for autoimmune manifestations that may affect the course and consequences of the disease.

ACCOUNTING OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AREAS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION: SOURCES, COMPLETENESS AND REPRESENTATIVENESS

The article reveals the problem of lack of modern statistical data on the area of agricultural land within the territorial communities of Ternopil region.
 For a long time, for geographical research of individual administrative regions, districts or their parts, scientists used the form of statistical reporting № 6-land «Report on the availability of land and their distribution by landowners, land users, land and economic activities», which was implemented according to with the order of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine dated 05.11.1998 № 377 «On approval of forms of state statistical reporting on land resources and Instructions for filling in the state statistical reporting on quantitative accounting of land (forms №№ 6-land, 6a-land, 6b-land, 2-land)» and was the most detailed source of information about the land fund. However, due to a set of problems, these reports were not prepared properly. In addition, as a result of the implementation of administrative reform and inconsistency of Order № 337 of the set of legislative acts of Ukraine, it was also repealed in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine № 300 of 25.10.2021.
 In the absence of statistics on land area and structure of the land fund of lower-level administrative units, the role of such a source of information as the state land cadastre – a single electronic system containing a set of information on land (quantitative and qualitative characteristics, economic evaluation, legal regime, etc.).
 The public cadastral map provides certain information about this or that land plot. However, as in the state land cadastre, it contains data only on those land plots that have passed state registration and have been assigned a cadastral number, which is, for the time being, mostly land: 1) for commodity agricultural production; 2) for personal farming; 3) for the construction and maintenance of residential buildings, outbuildings and structures; 4) for the construction and maintenance of buildings of educational institutions; 5) for forestry and related services; 6) reserve lands, etc. Thus, the data is being updated gradually, and currently only part of the territory is available.
 In addition, the public cadastral map provides data only on the type of ownership, purpose and area of a particular plot. More detailed information can be obtained only for a specific plot of land, by submitting a properly executed application, but this service is paid. The amount of payment of this administrative fee is regulated by the Law of Ukraine «On State Land Cadastre» (part 2 of Article 41) and is 0,05 % of the subsistence level, which as of 01.01.2022 amounted to UAH 2,481.
 The analysis of the data of the 6-land form showed that the structure of the land fund of Ternopil district during 2002-2016 changed quite a bit – about 0.1% per year. Since the Ternopil district, due to the increase in suburban areas, is undergoing the greatest transformations, we can assume that the average value for the region is less than or close to the calculated. Therefore, it is fair to say that the land structure has changed by no more than 1.2% over the last 8 years. Of course, such deviations somewhat reduce the accuracy of indicators, but in the absence of other sources of information, the reliability of statistical data contained in the form 6- land from 01.01.2016, is quite sufficient for their use in research. In addition, these data can serve as a basis for their further refinement, using from time to time updated information of the state land cadastre, documentation of local authorities, new data from aerial and space surveys.
 By recalculating the data on the area of agricultural land (from the statistical reporting form 6-land from 01.01.2016) to 582 village, 17 settlement and 15 city councils of Ternopil region, which existed before the administrative reform, we obtained updated indicators of areas in terms of 55 modern territorial communities.
 The article substantiates the possibilities of using the calculated indicators of areas in applied research.
 Key words: administrative-territorial structure, land fund, accounting for the number of lands, agricultural lands, agricultural lands, territorial community.

Studying of settler network of the Ternopil area, by realization of typification of settlements

A brief general analysis of research and publications of scientists who worked in the field of typification of settlements in various directions was carried out. Approaches to the classification of settlements by population, their functional and genetic features and status in different historical periods are considered. Most researchers, in particular, attach great importance to the analysis of the historical and geographical aspects of the emergence of settlements, and as a result, the formation of settlement networks. Emphasis is placed on the importance of natural conditions, in particular the relief and density of the river network, which directly had a significant impact on the choice of places for the formation of the settlement network. It is observed that there is a direct connection between the topographic type and the planning structure of settlements. An analysis of processed and analyzed data was carried out, in particular on the population of the Ternopil region for the period from 2003 to 2022. The settlements of the Ternopil region by population were analyzed and systematized, and the typification of villages, cities and towns by population was carried out, for the region as a whole and for each of the districts separately. A clearly expressed tendency to reduce the number of the region's population during the period under consideration was noted, and the predominance of the share of rural residents in the overall structure of the region's population was also revealed. It was found that more than 42% of the settlements (the largest group) are settlements with a population of 101 to 500 inhabitants. Typification of settlements by topographical types is carried out, in the section of the Ternopil Oblast and each of its districts separately. Taking into account the peculiarities of the relief and the presence of a dense network of small rivers, on the banks of which the vast majority of settlements in the Ternopil region are usually located, the main topographic types of settlements were distinguished: watershed, stream-river, and valley-river, which is the most numerous, is divided into subtypes. Settlements of the Ternopil region are grouped and separated according to the main planning forms, namely: simple linear, complex linear, circular, random-group, quarter and combined. The impact of topographic types on the formation of the planning structure of settlements is analyzed. Settlements were typified according to their planning structure, and the main features and regularities characteristic of different regions of the region were identified. The most common planning forms of settlements in the region were branched, lying to complex linear forms and linear-multi-row, most of such settlements are located on the banks of rivers with branching streets from lower to upper terraces. For a more complete understanding of the peculiarities of the formation of the settlement network of the Ternopil region, it is considered appropriate to trace the historical aspects and periods of their occurrence, and the functions assigned to a specific individual settlement from the moment of its foundation. Considering the natural features of the region, the largest share among the settlements of the region is naturally dominated by rural settlements specializing in agriculture, it is also worth highlighting settlements that performed defense, trade and administrative functions, most of which have retained their status as cities to this day. As a result of the last classification, clear patterns of combination and interweaving of the historical and geographical aspects of the placement of settlements with the natural features of the area and their genetic and functional type were revealed. Keywords: placing of population, settlement, typification, topographical types of settlements, plan forms of settlements, genetically-functional types of settlements.

Productive and reproductive qualities of animals of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed in breeding farms of the western region of Ukraine

Productive and reproductive qualities of animals of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed in breeding farms of the western region of Ukraine

The risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content by residents of different age categories of the Ternopil region.

Introduction Human health largely depends on the quality of the water he consumes. The impact of drinking water quality on public health depends on a number of factors. Thus, water pollution with above-normal concentrations of nitrates leads to the occurrence of water-nitrate methemoglobinemia in children, a decrease in the general resistance of the body, which contributes to an increase in the level of general morbidity, in particular, infectious and oncological diseases. It is reported that a positive correlation of the level of cardiovascular morbidity was found in the presence of nitrates.
 The aim of the study: to assess the risks of nitrate pollution of water from individual wells on the health of residents of different age groups in certain districts of the Ternopil region.
 Material and methods: the research was conducted in 5 districts of Ternopil region. A total of 1,495 samples of drinking water from individual wells were analyzed, the water from which is used to feed all segments of the population, including children and pregnant women.In order to assess the degree of risk of drinking water with excessive nitrate content for the health of the population of different age groups, the indicators of daily intake (ADD) of a chemical substance in the body of consumers and the hazard ratio (HQ) were calculated according to the method of risk assessment from exposure to chemical substances that pollute the environmentResults and discussion: According to the results of laboratory studies, the highest content of nitrates was found in the wells of the Zalishchytsky district - from 57.7 to 153.0 mg/dm3, in other districts the level fluctuated within the following limits: in Pidvolochysk - from 92.4 to 139.0 mg/dm3. Borshchivskyi - from 59.2 to 133.2 mg/dm3, Ternopilskyi - from 73.9 to 98.4 mg/dm3, and Terebovlyanskyi - from 50.5 to 57.8 mg/dm3. The calculated value of the average daily dose (ADD) of the intake of nitrates with drinking water to the body of residents of the above-described regions of the Ternopil region ranges from 2.5 to 7.7 for children; 1.6 - 4.8 - for teenagers (Table 1).; 1.9 - 5.1 for women and 1.8 - 4.9 for men. When assessing the risk to the health of the population, it was found that the hazard ratio at the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water determined by us was 1.5 for children, and 1.2 for teenagers. At the maximum concentration of nitrates, the HQ is 4.8 and 3.0, respectively, for children and adolescents. At the minimum concentration of nitrates in drinking water, the hazard ratio for women was 1.0; at the maximum concentration – 3.2. For men, the HQ is 1.0 and 3.0, for minimum and maximum nitrate concentrationsSummary: The risk of negative effects when drinking the same water is greater in children compared to other categories of the population.

Star occultation by small bodies of the Solar system: current state of observations in Ukraine

Observations of stars’ occultations by small bodies of the Solar system allow solving of a series of problems described in this article. The Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, together with the Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, created a software and hardware complex for observing the star coatings with long-focus telescopes. The complex uses a highly sensitive Apogee Alta U47 CCD camera in time delay integration (TDI) mode. It also includes a focus reducer with a block of light filters. The stationary variant of the complex can be used on the AZT-2 telescope of MAO NAS of Ukraine and the AZT-14 of the Lesniki observation station. The mobile complex is also made on the basis of the telescope of Newton’s system (D = 203 mm, F = 1200 mm) and the computerized installation of Sky-Watcher EQ-5 with the GOTO system for field observations. The worth of occultation observations increases significantly when using several observation points. To this end, we have initiated the gathering of the group of observers and their instrumentation from Ukrainian astronomical institutions, both professional and amateur. The Odesa Astronomical Observatory is presented in the group by the Richie-Chrétien telescope OMT-800 (D = 800 mm, F = 2134 mm) with the CCD camera QHY174M GPS at the Mayaki station and Schmidt system telescope (D = 271.25 mm, F = 440 mm) with the “VIDEO SCAN-415-2001” camera at the Kryzhanivka station. The group also includes several amateur observatories. Among them, there are stations in the village of Petrovka in the Odesa region, the astronomical observatory of Lozova school in the Ternopil region, private astronomical observatory L33 at Ananiiv, the Odesa region, and private observatory L58 “Heavenly Owl” in the town of Velikodolinskoye, the Odesa region. A description of the equipment used in these observation points and several examples of effective observations of occultations obtained by this group are given.

New data from the Early Iron Age settlement of Vynnyky-Golyanivka

For the first time in the article, newly discovered materials from the excavations of a two-layer settlement in Vynnyky near Lviv, which were conducted in 2014–2015, are introduced into scientific use. This settlement (which was discovered by V. Zvarych in the late 1970s and at the same time surveyed by prof. M. Peleshchyshyn) is located on the southeastern part of the hilly ridge of Roztochchya (336 m above sea level). Excavations in 2014–2015 revealed three Early Iron Age objects, the first of which is a 0,7 m diameter pit; the second is a construction measuring 2,8×2,0 m and up to 0,5 m deep; and finally, the third object is a pit with a diameter of 1,4 m, which has a pear-shaped form. Several characteristic fragments of vessels from the infill of object № 1 are interesting. Special attention is paid to the fragments of the dark-glazed tableware with a wall thickness of up to 0,8 cm with a series of horizontal chamfers, which are located at the top of the neck. Samples of vessels with similar ornaments were not found during excavations in Vynnyky in previous years. The closest analogy is, perhaps, a conical handmade mug from the cremation cemetery of the Vysotska culture in the village of Konyushkiv, Brody district, Lviv region, studied by L. Krushelnytska and which is also decorated with rows of in-depth linear decoration under the rims and over the bottom. Territorially, the closest analogy to the analyzed vessel from object № 1 of Vynnyky is the large dark-glazed pot from the barrow in the village of Loivtsi, Novoushitsky district, Khmelnytskyi region (from the excavations conducted by L. Krushelnytska in 1979). This Loivtsi large pot, according to the grave goods from cremation barrow, includes a pair of iron three-rings bit shank and a pair of one-ring fishing bits, which reliably date the Loivtsi complex to the middle – third quarter of the VIII century B. C. probably can be dated back to this period. The possibility of contacts of the population of that time in the territory near today's Lviv with such rather distant regions of Western Podillia doesn`t surprise. Finally, the probability of the existence of such contacts between the population of Western Podillia and Upper Dniester regions was emphasized during the first publication of materials from the infill of construction 1 in Golyanivka Place in 2003. The authors interpret the settlement in the Golyanivka Place in Vynnyky as one of the earliest sites of the Cherepynsko-Lagodivska group but consider it to belong to the local population, which was found here by the bearers of the traditions of the Western Podillia group, which partially moved to Roztochchya. And, although the ceramic materials from Golyanivka clearly show these exclusively «eastern» impulses (reflected mainly in the profiling and ornamentation of some ceramic vessels), their presence in this settlement may represent evidence of the closest trade and exchange contacts or imitation of imported traditions of ceramics in the autochthonous local environment. And what is interesting: in Vynnyky, but – one and a half kilometers south in the Lisnychivka Place, on the edge of the first floodplain terrace of the Marunka River, a settlement and some pits with ritually reburied remains of humans – ceramic material of which, although mostly synchronous with the early phase of development of the Cherepynsko-Lagodivska group, but differs sharply from the material from Golyanivka, as it parallels almost exclusively with the Zakhidnopodilska materials of that time such as the settlement in Staryi Zbarazh in Ternopil region. Key words: Early Iron Age, Cherepynsko-Lagodivska group, Zakhidnopodilska group, Vysotska culture, chamfer, large pot, mug, lid.

Archaeological sites of Mohylany group of Early Scythian time in Ternopil region: state and perspectives of research

The article is shaped as a recounting of recently discovered archaeological sites belonging to the distinctive Mohylany group of Early Scythian time in the Ternopil region. It implements technical and scientific documentation of the Ternopil Center for Protection and Research of Cultural Heritage, available data from archival and museum collections, as well as scientific publications. Until the early 1970s, only two settlements with materials of the early Scythian time were known in the Ternopil region. However, over the past 50 years, the surveys and excavations by scientists from various institutions have significantly expanded the source base and supplemented the map with a significant number of newly discovered sites. Much information has not yet been published and remains in they have a form of scientific reports or even the status of unprocessed materials in museum collections. The authors, there possible, summarized all available information on archaeological sites throughout the Ternopil region, which contained materials of the early Scythian time. These include both excavated sites and the ones just recently discovered by surveys. As a result, an updated list of 51 archaeological sites has been compiled, which belong to the Mohylany group of the Early Scythian time. Their location has been clarified and the available amount of materials is highlighted which makes these sites assigned to the relevant cultural group. Key words: Early Iron Age, Mohylany group of archaeological sites, Early Scythian time, settlement, Ternopil Center for Protection and Research of Cultural Heritage.

APPLICATION OF ART THERAPY IN ‘ASTHMA SCHOOL’ IN ADOLESCENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED AND PARTIALLY CONTROLLED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

The aim of the study – to increase the effectiveness of providing medical care to children, taking into account the child's individual and psychological characteristics, constitutional and somatic characteristics of the body and its adaptive capabilities.
 Materials and Methods. Our work is a part of the comprehensive scientific work "Prognostic criteria for metabolic disorders in children with somatic pathology in the ecosocial conditions of the Ternopil region" (state registration number 0113U001240) and the Belarusian Ukrainian Polish Asthma Study (BUPAS) epidemiological research.
 We conducted a survey of 38 child patients (from 11 to 15 years) with asthma who were hospitalized to the allergic department in children’s hospital. They were observed by physicians and were questioned on asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5), Eisenk EPI personal questionnaire, Phillips’ questionnaire, Spielberger’s test. To correct the problems which were founded in adolescent patients, we have created a modified version of Astma School and combined it with art therapy, elements of methods of neuro-linguistic programming, dance-motor therapy and also used the creative visualization and body-oriented psychotherapy.
 Results and Discussion. The complex of art therapy, added to standard therapy, positively influenced on the level of controllability in asthma and lowered personal and situational anxiety in children. During the training in the right breath with the help of art therapy in patients with asthma, anxiety was reduced: personal in 58.33 %, against 10.53 % in protocol treatment, situational in 66.67 %, against 10.53 %, and improved control of the disease comparatively with an initial level of 75.00 % versus 42.11 %, which significantly (p <0.05) reflects the higher efficacy of the complementary symptomatic treatment.
 Conclusion. It is proved that correction of BA therapy taking into account individual peculiarities of the psychosomatic state of the patient contributes to increasing the effectiveness of treatment.
 
 

Geodetic support of the Ternopil region

A general analysis of the geodetic support of the territory of the Ternopil region has been carried out. It is noted that until 1939 the Ternopil region was part of Poland, therefore, all geodetic networks that existed on its territory at that time were created in accordance with the regulatory documents of this country. After the creation of the Ternopil region, the creation of geodetic networks on its territory began in accordance with the Regulations of 1939, and then with the Regulations of 1954–61. The modern SGS was created in accordance with the Regulations of 1998, which in 2013 were replaced by the Procedure for the Creation of the State Geodetic Network. A detailed description of each class is given. The total number of points of state geodetic networks (by class) that falls on the territory of the region, as well as the average density of points per 1 km2, has been calculated. It is concluded that it is necessary to thicken the GHS on the territory of the region. In 1998, the «Basic Provisions for the Establishment of the State Geodetic Net-work of Ukraine» were adopted, which in 2013 were replaced by a new normative document «Procedure for the Construction of the State Geodetic Network». According to these two normative documents, a modern DGM was created and modernized in the Ternopil region. The geodetic network of the 1st class has 17 geodetic points. It should be noted that the coordinates of all points were re-determined by satellite. The work was per-formed in 2005 by the Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The mean square errors of the coordinates were: mx = 0.001‒0.004 m; my = 0.001‒0.004 m. The geodetic network of the 2nd class has 144 geodetic points. 31 geodetic points, the coordinates of which did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents, re-determined by satellite method. The works were performed in 2005-2017 by the Re-search Institute of Geodesy and Cartography. The mean square errors of the coordinates were: mx = 0.003‒0.025 m; my = 0.001‒0.017 m. Other geodetic points, the coordinates of which are determined by the linear-angular method, in different years, according to the Regulations of 1954-61, met the requirements of modern regulations, so their coordinates have not changed. The mean square errors of determining the coordinates of these points were: mx = 0.012‒0.039 m; my = 0.015‒0.035 m. As we can see, the root mean square errors of determining the coordinates of points of the 2nd class do not exceed the allowable (0.04–0.05 m for the satellite method; 0.04–0.05 m for the linear-angular method). The 3rd class geodetic network has 278 geodetic points. Of these, 63 points whose coordinates did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents, determined by the satellite method. The work on their determination was performed by the Re-search Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in 2007–2017. The mean square errors of coordinate determination were: mx = 0.001‒0.011 m; my = 0.001‒0.019 m. 215 geodetic points, the coordinates of which were determined by linear-angular construction in accordance with the Regulations of 1954-61 have not changed because they meet the requirements of regulations. Exceptions are 23 geodetic points, the mean square errors of which exceed the allowable norms, i.e. 0.05 m. The remaining points are determined with the following root mean square errors: mx = 0.011‒0.050 m; my = 0.009‒0.050 m. Keywords: state geodetic network, geodetic provision, geodetic network, geodetic network of thickening, astronomical and geodetic network, the average density of geodetic points, topographic maps and plans.