Нарис історії табору примусової праці Кам’янки на Тернопільщині (1942–1943 рр.)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to analyze the history of the Kamianky forced labor camp (which included the main camp – Kamianky 1 (now the village of Kamianky, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region) and its subcamps, such as Kamianky 2 (now the village of Romanove Selo, Baykovets village community, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region), Kamianky 3 (the town of Pidvolochysk, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region) and Kamianky 4 (the town of Skalat, Ternopil district, Ternopil Region). Taking into consideration that in the historiography this topic has never been covered before as a separate object of research, as the scientifi c novelty of the proposed article is the fi rst attempt to outline the history of this camp. The methodology. The issue of the creation of the camps, their functioning, as well as their liquidation was studied due to the methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction. Special attention was paid to the identifi cation of the Nazi occupation units responsible for the shooting of imprisoned Jews. The following conclusions were made in the result of research: Kamianky camp (together with its subcamps) appeared due to the need of concentration of workers near the place of work (DG 4 road). Taking into account the number of prisoners of camp, it can be considered as the large one. The number of Jews in Kamianky reached even a thousand, and with the subcamps, then up to two thousand. The peculiarity of the structure of the camp distinguishes it from the other ones, as it had three more subcamps. The article specifi es data on the number of prisoners. It was found out that on the eve of the shootings, there were 1,558 people in the Kamianky camp (together with the subcamps). The article points out that, in addition to the security police from Ternopil and the security service from Lviv, the responsibility for the murders of camp prisoners lies with a special unit - the Caucasian company of the SD (security service). It was created in the structure of Einsatzgruppe D. Later, it changed its subordination and already situated in Lviv belonged to the SD. This unit is the main perpetrator of the shootings of prisoners of the Kamianky system of camps (1, 2, 3, 4).