Ternary System Research Articles

Investigation of effective CO2 capture by ternary deep eutectic solvents based on superbase

The absorption and separation of CO2 is one of the main strategies to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate global climate change. In this context, a series of ternary superbase/betaine-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized to capture CO2, and their density, viscosity and thermal stability were investigated. The effects of temperature, pressure, different hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and alkalinity of the superbase on their CO2 affinity were evaluated by the isovolumetric saturation method. The uptake of CO2 by the DES synthesized from betaine, 1,2-propanediol and 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene reached a maximum of 1.5071 mol·kg−1 at 303.15 K and a pressure of 0.187 MPa. The simultaneous chemical and physical adsorption of CO2 by the ternary DESs was verified by FTIR spectroscopy, and the absorption mechanism was also proposed. The reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model (RETM) was improved to obtain the “Active DES” model, which was correlated with the experimentally determined CO2 solubility. The reaction equilibrium constants and Henry's law constants were obtained for each ternary system. The ternary superbase/betaine DESs proposed in this paper are green, economical and high-performance absorbers for capturing CO2.

Research on Sol-Gel Synthesis of Low-Temperature Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 Vitrified Bonds and Preparation of High-Strength Stacked Abrasives Using the Molding and Crushing Method.

Currently, the sol-gel technique is employed in the synthesis of high-performance vitrified bonds; however, its application in the fabrication of stacked abrasives has been minimally explored. Furthermore, the methods utilized in the production of abrasive particles for stacked abrasives are technically challenging and incur high costs, which hinders their actual industrial application. Consequently, this study utilizes the sol-gel approach to synthesize a Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 ternary system vitrified bond powder and employs a molding and crushing method, which offers a lower technological barrier and reduced preparation costs, for the production of abrasive particles subsequently fabricating corundum stacked abrasives. Upon setting the binder composition to a molar ratio of n(SiO2):n(B2O3):n(Na2O) = 65:23:12, it was observed that the crystallization within the glass matrix was minimized and the optimal sintering temperature for the synthesized laminate abrasive to be sustained at 820 °C. At the aforementioned temperature, the binder melt is capable of flowing uniformly amongst the abrasive granules, thereby ensuring a robust encapsulation of the particles. The average single particle compressive strength of the prepared corundum stacked abrasive with a grain size of forty mesh can reach the highest of all composition points at 28.56 N and the average single particle compressive strength of the prepared diamond stacked abrasive is 28.14 N.

Time Dependence of Gel Formation in Lyotropic Nematic Liquid Crystals: From Hours to Weeks.

The combination of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) and low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) for the formation of lyotropic liquid crystal gels (LLC gels) leads to a versatile and complex material combining properties of both parent systems. We gelled the calamitic nematic NC phases of a binary and ternary system using the LMWG 3,5-bis-(5-hexylcarbamoyl-pentoxy)-benzoic acid hexyl ester (BHPB-6). This binary system consists of the surfactant N,N-dimethyl-N-ethyl-1-hexadecylammonium bromide (CDEAB) and water, whereas the ternary system consists of the surfactant N,N,N-trimethyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide (C14TAB), the cosurfactant n-decanol, and water. Though containing similar surfactants, the gelled NC phases of the binary and ternary systems show differences in their visual and gel properties. The gelled NC phase of the binary system remains clear for several days after preparation, whereas the gelled NC phase of the ternary system turns turbid within 24 h. We investigated the time evolution of the gel strength with oscillation rheology measurements (a) within the first 24 h and (b) up to two weeks after gel formation. The shape of the fibers was investigated over different time scales with freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM). We demonstrate that despite their similarities, the two LLC gels also have distinct differences.

Impact of organic matter molecular weight on hexavalent chromium enrichment in green microalgae

In lightly polluted water containing heavy metals, organic matter, and green microalgae, the molecular weight of organic matter may influence both the growth of green microalgae and the concentration of heavy metals. This study elucidates the effects and mechanisms by which different molecular weight fractions of fulvic acid (FA), a model dissolved organic matter component, facilitate the bioaccumulation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in a typical green alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Findings show that the addition of FA fractions with molecular weights greater than 10 kDa significantly enhances the enrichment of total chromium and Cr(VI) in algal cells, reaching 21.58%−31.09 % and 16.17 %−22.63 %, respectively. Conversely, the efficiency of chromium enrichment in algal cells was found to decrease with decreasing molecular weight of FA. FA molecular weight within the range of 0.22 µm-30 kDa facilitated chromium enrichment primarily through the algal organic matter (AOM) pathway, with minor contributions from the algal cell proliferation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) pathways. However, with decreasing FA molecular weight, the AOM and EPS pathways become less prominent, whereas the algal cell proliferation pathway becomes dominant. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of chromium enrichment in green algae enhanced by medium molecular weight FA.

Influence of Phosphate on Arsenic Adsorption Behavior of Si-Fe-Mg Mixed Hydrous Oxide.

The arsenic adsorption performance of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) mixed hydrous oxide containing a Si: Fe: Mg metal composition ratio of 0.05:0.9:0.05 (SFM05905) was investigated. SFM05905 was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Batch experiments on arsenic adsorption were conducted at various temperatures and concentrations. Adsorption isotherms models were represented by a linearized equations and were insensitive to temperature change. The anion selectivity of SFM05905 at single component was high for arsenite (III), arsenate (V), and phosphate (PO4), indicating that PO4 inhibits arsenic adsorption. The adsorption amount of As (III), As (V), and PO4 were compared using a column packed with granular SFM05905, and an aqueous solution was passed by a combination of several anions that are single, binary, and ternary adsorbate systems. As (III) had the highest adsorption amount; however, As (III) and PO4 were affected by each other under the ternary mixing condition. Although the adsorption amount of As (V) was smaller than that of As (III), it was not affected by other adsorbates in the column experiments. Finally, although the adsorption of both arsenic continued, the adsorbed PO4 gradually desorbed.

COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF HYDROCARBON RESINS WITH RUBBER COMPOUNDS FOR TIRE APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT The addition of hydrocarbon resins to rubber compounds has a significant impact on their properties such as wet grip and rolling resistance. These performance characteristics have a strong correlation with the compatibility of the resin with the rubber matrix. Incompatible resins can cause excessive broadening of the damping curve, which results in poor rolling resistance. Compatibility, however, allows maximization of wet grip while minimizing the effect on rolling resistance. Compatibility is promoted by lower resin molecular weight and structural similarity to the polymers being blended. In this study, a method based on the Fox equation has been developed to quantitatively characterize the compatibility between resin and natural rubber (NR), a binary system. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), a tool new to the tire industry, is used to investigate the interaction between resin and two rubbers (i.e., a ternary system of NR–butadiene rubber [BR]–resin and solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber [SSBR]–butadiene rubber [BR]–resin), with a specific emphasis on resin partitioning among rubber blends. In addition, the DSR is applied to assess the Tg shift and tangent delta peak height, providing insight into the compatibility between rubbers and resin. A curve-fitting model was developed for the SSBR–BR–resin system to depict the relationship between these two parameters and the physical and chemical properties of resins, with the selection of resins featuring different degrees of aromaticity, Tg, and molecular weight. The findings indicated that higher Tg increased aromaticity and that lower molecular weight of the resin resulted in an elevated Tg shift in the blend, while lower molecular weight led to an increase in the tangent delta peak height. Our findings supply insight into the performance of rubber–resin blends and introduce a new screening tool for characterizing these blends in their green state.

Research progress on ZnO/MoS2/rGO ternary photocatalysts

Energy shortage and environmental pollution have become one of the important global issues, and semiconductor photocatalytic technology is considered as one of the effective means to solve these problems. As a new and efficient green material, ZnO has attracted wide attention. ZnO is widely used in the field of photocatalysis due to its non-toxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, adjustable band gap, high electron density, and chemical stability. However, the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in ZnO hinders its practical application and lowers the utilization efficiency of visible light. On the other hand, molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/rGO), as a binary non-precious metal co-catalyst, has a larger specific surface area, suitable band gap width, and visible light response capability compared to single-phase graphene co-catalyst. Therefore, introducing MoS2/rGO co-catalyst into the ZnO system can provide more active sites, reduce the probability of photogenerated charge carrier recombination, and improve the utilization efficiency of visible light. In this review, we summarize the hydrothermal synthesis methods for preparing this highly demanded nanocomposite material, including one-step and stepwise methods. Subsequently, we elaborate on the mechanism of enhancing light absorption and achieving efficient electron-hole separation behavior in the ternary system heterojunction structure during the photocatalytic process. Due to its significant advantages, this ternary system heterojunction structure has been widely applied in the field of photocatalysis, including applications such as pollutant degradation, sterilization, and water splitting.

Flame retardant polyurethane microbubble elastomer based on ionic liquid/ammonium polyphosphate/aluminum hypophosphite ternary flame retardant system

AbstractTo develop a highly efficient flame retardant system for polyurethane microbubble elastomer (PME), a phosphate‐based ionic liquid (IL) 1‐methyl‐3‐(dioxyphosphoryl)‐propyl imidazole bromide was synthesized, and then combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hypophosphate (ALHP) to form a ternary flame retardant system, which shows excellent synergistic flame retardancy and plays an important role in both gas phase and condensed phase flame retardancy. Compared with pure PME, the limiting oxygen index of flame retardant PME with 6 wt% IL and 15 wt% APP/ALHP increased from 20.25% to 29.25%, the char yields is increased by 13 times, and the heat release rate, total heat release rate, mass loss rate, and smoke production rate are reduced by 74%, 19%, 67%, and 22%, respectively. Ignition time increased from 9 s to 19 s, and extinguishing time increased from 295 s to 573 s. At the same time, the addition of IL promoted the dispersion and compatibility of APP/ALHP in the PME matrix and improved the mechanical properties. In addition, IL also shows potential in antistatic modification, providing the possibility for materials to meet both flame retardant and antistatic requirements.

Ultrafast discharge properties and enhanced energy density in lead‐free NaNbO3‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

AbstractNaNbO3‐based (NN) energy storage ceramics are known for exhibiting high maximum polarization (Pmax) and large recoverable energy density (Wrec). However, the huge energy loss density (Wloss) has been a limiting factor in improving energy storage performance. Therefore, a ternary system was designed to achieve both huge Wrec and efficiency (η). The combination of 0.35Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.65BaTiO3 (BZTBT) was chosen to reduce grain size and disrupt the long‐range ordered domains, thereby inducing the polar‐nano‐regions to mitigate Wloss. The optimal performance was achieved with the 0.75NaNbO3–0.25(0.35Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.65BaTiO3) (0.75NN–0.25BZTBT) ceramic, which exhibited a high Wrec = 2.68 J/cm3 and superior η = 82.7% under 310 kV/cm. Remarkably, the 0.75NN–0.25BZTBT ceramic displayed an exceptionally fast discharge time to 90%, t0.9 = 88 ns, coupled with a huge energy density Wd = 0.95 J/cm3. This study demonstrates the significant potential of 0.75NN–0.25BZTBT ceramic in the realm of energy storage and rapid charge–discharge applications.

Ternary logic in the optical controlled-SWAP gate based on Laguerre-Gaussian modes of light

The need set by a computational industry to increase processing power, while simultaneously reducing the energy consumption of data centers, became a challenge for modern computational systems. In this work, we propose an optical communication solution, that could serve as a building block for future computing systems, due to its versatility. The solution arises from Landauer’s principle and utilizes reversible logic, manifested as an optical logical gate with structured light, here represented as Laguerre-Gaussian modes. We introduced a phase-shift-based encoding technique and incorporated multi-valued logic in the form of a ternary numeral system to determine the similarity between two images through the free space communication protocol.

A diffusion model for liquid metal dealloying. Application to NiCu precursors dealloyed in liquid Ag

Liquid metal dealloying is a promising technique to elaborate porous metallic materials with potential applications for catalysis and energy storage. It consists in the selective dissolution of an element out of a precursor alloy by immersing it in a liquid bath. To model this process, we introduce a one-dimensional diffusion model that relies on the thermodynamic properties of the ternary system, and on a maximum velocity criterion of the reaction front. The model is compared to experimental measurements conducted on NiCu samples dealloyed in liquid Ag. Regarding the kinetics, the model enables to reach experimental time-scales, replicate experimental trends, and reveal the influence of the ligament structure on the dealloying rate. Also, by assuming thermodynamic equilibria between solid and liquid phases in the dealloyed region, the microstructure gradient obtained numerically is in satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements. These numerical results are obtained without adjustable parameters, which opens the possibility to predict dealloyed microstructures as function of the process parameters (precursor and bath composition, dealloying time and temperature, etc.).

Control Unit of a Three-Ports Hybrid Converter of a Microgrid Based on Ternary Logic Circuits

This paper, provides the design and simulation of the control modes of three different power sources that are commonly used in hybrid systems especially when combining the sources of photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EV) and Energy storage system (ESS). The control scenarios discuss the different combinations of sources and loads based on ternary logic system (0,1,2) that has many advantages over the classical binary logic system (0,1). To prove that, first, the ternary logic gates must be verified and simulated as MOSFET by Matlab / Simulink then a ternary logic control (TLCU) will be designed. TLCU can select the right direction of power flow from the energy source to the load based on the ternary truth table that shows the relationship between the inputs (ternary states of sources and loads) and each output that has only two states (ON or Off). At the end of the paper, the circuit of a ternary logic control circuit that can optimize the number of used elements of MOSFET is designed and tested. Comparing to binary, it is expected not only to optimize the number of MOSFET but also to accelerate the speed of operation.

Synergistic Effect and Phase Behavior of SCG-CAPB-H2O Ternary Compound System

The physical properties of sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCG) and the synergistic effects within the SCG/CAPB complex system were investigated using visible–ultraviolet spectrophotometry and a surface tension meter. Analysis of the synergistic parameters of the complex system revealed that the combination of SCG and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) yielded superior results compared to the individual use of SCG. Building upon this, the ternary phase behavior of the SCG/CAPB/H2O system was further explored. Different lyotropic liquid crystal phases were identified using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Surfactant solutions with varying mass fractions exhibited diverse phase behaviors, including the micellar phase (L1), micelle–solid mixed phase (L1-S), hexagonal phase (H), and lamellar phase (Lα), with the insoluble solid phase predominating. The investigation of the ternary phase diagram of SCG/CAPB/H2O provided valuable guidance for detergent formulation screening, enriched the understanding of sodium cocoyl glycinate complex systems, and further promoted the utilization of amino acid-based surfactants in the field of personal care products.

Efficient extraction of lignin from moso bamboo by microwave-assisted ternary deep eutectic solvent pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis

Applications of deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems to separate lignocellulosic components are of interest to develop environmentally friendly processes and achieve efficient utilization of biomass. To enhance the performance of a binary neutral DES (glycerol:guanidine hydrochloride), various Lewis acids (e.g., AlCl3·6H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, etc.) were introduced to synthesize a series of ternary DES systems; these were coupled with microwave heating and applied to moso bamboo. Among the ternary DES systems evaluated, the FeCl3-based DES effectively removed lignin (81.17%) and xylan (85.42%), significantly improving enzymatic digestibility of the residual glucan and xylan (90.15% and 99.51%, respectively). Furthermore, 50.74% of the lignin, with high purity and a well-preserved structure, was recovered. A recyclability experiment showed that the pretreatment performance of the FeCl3-based DES was still basically maintained after five cycles. Overall, the microwave-assisted ternary DES pretreatment approach proposed in this study appears to be a promising option for sustainable biorefinery operations.

Revolutionizing flexible Electronics: Integrating liquid metal DIW 3D printing by bimolecular interpenetrating network

Ultra-flexible liquid metal (LM) composites have significant potential in various applications, including soft robotics, wearable electronics, and human–machine interactions. This burgeoning field necessitates mass production at a critical scale alongside highly accurate and fully automated technology. In this study, a direct ink-writing (DIW) 3D all-printing strategy was developed, integrating cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), water-based polyurethane (WPU), and LM to fabricate high-performance LM-based electronic films, circuits, and diverse 2D or 3D structures. The stable ternary interface system was investigated, and bimolecular interpenetrating network system of CNF/WPU significantly enhanced the flexibility, reducing LM damage, mitigation, and leakage. Moreover, the systematic control of the DIW all-printing process facilitated high-resolution and excellent printability. The super-flexibility and precise electrical conductivity were demonstrated by investigating bending deformation and recyclable electrical signals. Electronics based on ultra-flexible LM, with a high LM content (78.0%), exhibited an accurate electrical response to bending deformation, extraordinary flexibility, and recyclable durability (up to 500 cycles). Notably, the all-printed system facilitates the complete automation, complex structuring, and precise moulding of various appliances. DIW 3D all-printing of LM has the potential to create complex conductive architectures for programmable and multi-material LM-based electronics, meeting high-precision, large-scale, and automated production requirements.

Molecular Insights into the Wettability and Adsorption of Acid Gas-Water Mixture.

Sequestration of acid gas in geological formations is a disposal method with potential economic and environmental benefits. The process is governed by variables such as gas-water interfacial tension, wetting transition, and gas adsorption into water, among other things. However, the influence of the pressure and temperature on these parameters is poorly understood. This study investigates these parameters using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations and density gradient theory (DGT). Simulations were carried out at 313.15 K and a pressure range of 0-15 MPa. A comparison was made against H2S-water systems to clarify the effects of adsorption on interfacial tension due to vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium. The predicted H2S-water interfacial tension and phase densities by CG-MD and DGT matched the experimental values well. The adsorption can be quantified via the Gibbs Adsorption function Γ12, which correlated well with the three-phase transition. On the one hand, pressure increments below the three-phase transition revealed a significant adsorption of H2S. On the other hand, above the three-phase transition, the Gibbs Adsorption capacity remained constant, which indicated a saturation of H2S at the water surface due to liquid-liquid equilibrium. Finally, H2S behaves markedly differently in wetting transition, rather than the involved for CO2 to different molecular layers beneath the surface of aqueous solutions. In this respect, H2S is represented by a first-order wetting transition while CO2 presents a critical wetting. Finally, it has also been found that the preferential adsorption of H2S over the H2O interface is greater if compared to that of CO2, due to its strong interaction with water. In fact, we have also demonstrated that CO2 under triphasic conditions strongly influences the wetting of the ternary system.

Silver Recovery from E-Waste Printed Circuit Board Using Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components of electronic devices containing valuable silver metal. Using sustainable methods, silver recovery from electronic trash, like PCBs, demonstrates excellent promise. This research’s objective is to determine the optimum leaching time and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio for extracting silver from PCB using deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and glycerol (glyceline DES). The binary DES’s leaching performance was then compared to choline chloride, glycerol, and citric acid ternary systems. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to analyze the bond interactions. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was employed to determine the PCB’s metal concentration prior to and after the leaching process. Ternary DES was viscous, colorless, stable for 60 days, and less acidic than binary DES, with a 1.21 g/mL density. FTIR peak broadening and shifting indicated the formation of a new hydrogen bond and proved a successful synthesis of ternary DES. XRF result showed that PCB’s initial silver metal content was 2.32%. The optimal silver leaching from PCB using glyceline DES was achieved after 16 hours, with a 1/20 solid-to-liquid ratio. Ternary DES demonstrated a silver leaching efficiency of 93.65%, surpassing 86.77% of glyceline. Ternary DES synthesized in this study has the potential to serve as an efficient and environmentally friendly solvent for extracting silver from PCB, providing a sustainable approach to managing electronic waste.

A novel covalent grafting method between cellulose and ferulic acid through HRP enzyme/acetylacetone/L-Ascorbic acid ternary dual initiator system

In the application of natural dyes, using environmentally and human body harmful metal dyes was still the mainstream dyeing method in the process of cellulose fiber dyeing with natural dyes. This study proposed a new method that can catalyzed the covalent grafting of cellulose materials with Ferulic acid (FA), the ternary system consisting of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), acetylacetone (ACAC) and L-Ascorbic acid (AA). The grafting process of cellulose materials with FA was systematically studied, and the optimal grafting polymerization conditions was determined using orthogonal experimental analysis. In the experiment, it was found that the morphology and structure of cellulose materials significantly affect their grafting polymerization performance with FA, and the change rule of their grafting rate was cotton fabric (3.84%) < cotton yarn (4.54%) < tencel fabric (4.70%) < tencel yarn (53.06%) < cotton cellulose (5.59%) < corn starch (6.70%). The grafted fabrics have excellent color fastness, antibacterial and UV resistance performance. Finally, the structural characteristics of cellulose and its analogues grafted with FA were characterized through FT-IR, 1H NMR, and the possible free radical covalent polymerization mechanism between cellulose materials and FA was analyzed.

Construction of Au/ZnWO4/CdS Ternary Photocatalysts with Oxygen Vacancy Modification for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

AbstractRational design and optimization of the photocatalyst architecture, aimed at effectively enhancing light absorption and accelerating charge separation and transfer, can lead to the accomplishment of sustainable photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this study, a ternary system of Au/ZnWO4/CdS is prepared with oxygen vacancy modification through a combination of hydrothermal, chemical precipitation, and photochemical deposition methods. The addition of CdS and Au nanoparticles significantly enhances the light absorption range of ZnWO4 (ZWO) and creates more active sites for hydrogen production. The type‐II engineered heterojunction, in combination with Au as a cocatalyst, is a viable and efficient method for enhancing the separation and transport of electron–hole pairs, thereby facilitating the effective precipitation of hydrogen through photocatalysis. 5A10ZC exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 5483.62 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 167 times higher than that of unmodified ZWO and 29 times higher than that of pure CdS. In addition, it exhibits excellent cycle stability in the hydrogen production cycle stability test. The photoelectrochemical test results show that the construction of the system improves the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers. This study provides a new inspiration for the construction of high‐performance photocatalytic materials.

Selective extraction of 1,3‐propanediol by phenylboronic acid‐based ternary extraction system

AbstractBACKGROUNDConventional methods for the separation of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) are problematic in many ways. The study of simple and efficient separation process was the key to solving the bottlenecks that restricted the large‐scale development of 1,3‐propanediol. In order to solve the difficulty of separating 1,3‐propanediol from fermentation broths, a ternary selective extraction system was constructed to separate 1,3‐propanediol from the simulated solution and fermentation broth.RESULTSIn this study, the quantum chemistry calculation and wave function analysis showed that the reaction between phenylboronic acid and 1,3‐PDO is thermodynamically feasible, stable, and covalently reversible. The ternary extraction system composed of 1‐naphthylboric acid, dichloromethane and Aliquate®336. After optimization of the extraction conditions, a high extraction efficiency of 82.6% could be achieved for 1,3‐PDO. Meanwhile, a stripping recovery of 1,3‐PDO was over 90% with a high purity of 1,3‐PDO (98.6%) from a simulated solution using 0.4 M of hydrochloric acid as stripping solution. The extraction selectivity of 1,3‐PDO to glycerol, acetic acid and butyric acid in the fermentation broth reached to 12.9, 230.6, 233.7, respectively, implying a high selective performance compared with the aldehyde‐based traditional reactive extraction.CONCLUSIONSThe ternary extraction system exhibited good extraction performance which highlighted potential for selective extraction of diol biochemicals from fermentation broths.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.