Ternary Photonic Crystal Research Articles

Influence of oxidation on the photonic spectrum of a ternary comb-like silicon photonic crystal: intrinsic modes, reflection windows and intrinsic contrastivity

The optical properties of a ternary A/B/A/C N-periodic structure was investigated analytically and numerically in the framework of transfer matrix formalism. The influence of oxidation on the photonic gaps and positions of reflection windows for the (SiO2/Si/SiO2/air) N structure was calculated, taking into account the transformation of silicon oxide layers widths. It was shown that intrinsic optical contrastivity has a non-monotonic behavior during the oxidation process of silicon for both p-polarisation and s-polarisation of light. The obtained results allow one to determine the optimal oxidation regimes to achieve the required properties of a photonic device.

Omnidirectional reflection in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals and photonic heterostructures

• We design the model of a one-dimensional ternary photonic heterostructure (TPH). • We propose an approach to design optimal TPHs being able to create omnidirectional band gaps. • The formula of the thicknesses of materials of the optimized TPHs is derived. • The formula of the number of sub-ternary photonic crystals of the optimized TPHs is obtained. Designing dielectric systems to create omnidirectional band gaps (OBGs) is an attractive topic in the field of photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In this Letter, we propose a new approach to create OBGs by ternary photonic heterostructures (TPHs) composed of three kinds of materials with different refractive indices and obtain the formulae of the structures of TPHs, i.e., those of the thicknesses of materials and the number of sub-ternary photonic crystals. It may provide a powerful technique for designing the structures being able to produce OBGs by use of usual materials, lowcost materials, and materials with low refractive indices, etc.

Properties of the Band Gaps in 1D Ternary Lossy Photonic Crystal Containing Double-Negative Materials

Theoretically, the characteristics matrix method is employed to investigate and compare the properties of the band gaps of the one-dimensional ternary and binary lossy photonic crystals which are composed of double-negative and double-positive materials. This study shows that by varying the angle of incidence, the band gaps for TM and TE waves behave differently in both ternary and binary lossy structures. The results demonstrate that, by increasing the angle of incidence for the TE wave, the width and the depth of zero-n¯, zero-μ, and Bragg gap increase in both ternary and binary structures. On the other hand, the enhancement of the angle of incidence for the TM wave contributes to reduction of the width and the depth of the zero-n¯ and Bragg gaps, and they finally disappear for incidence angles greater than 50° and 60° for the binary structure and 40° and 45° for the ternary structures, respectively. In addition, the details of the edges of the band gaps variations as a function of incidence angle for both structures are studied.

Nonreciprocal electromagnetic wave propagation in one-dimensional ternary magnetized plasma photonic crystals

In this paper, we propose a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal based on magnetized plasma to obtain nonreciprocal propagation. By employing the transfer matrix method, the transmission spectra of the counterpropagating plane waves incident from air upon either end of the periodic structure are calculated. Our results reveal that there is a significant contrast between the transmittance of the waves propagated in opposite directions. This means that the structure shows nonreciprocal effects. It is shown that the bandwidth at which nonreciprocity is observed depends on the external magnetic field. The effects of the incident angle and the number of elementary cells on the nonreciprocal behaviors are studied. We demonstrate that nonreciprocity disappears in very small angles of incidence. The designed structure shows nonreciprocal response even in the case of a small number of layers. It is also demonstrated that nonreciprocal effects become stronger when increasing the plasma density and the wavelength of the incident wave.

Investigation of Band Gap Width in Ternary 1D Photonic Crystal with Left-Handed Layer

In this paper, we investigate the variation of band gap width in a ternary 1D photonic crystal with a left-handed layer versus variation of thicknesses and refractive index of second layers. We study these variations in two states, normal and oblique incidents for both TE and TM polarizations. We observe that the variations of band gap width versus thickness of layers are sensitive to the refractive index of second layers. For oblique incident both of variations are shifted towards the large/small frequencies by increasing the incident angles in TE/TM polarization, respectively.

Localization and characterization of the metallic band gaps in a ternary metallo-dielectric photonic crystal

In this work, we demonstrate the existence of structural metallic band gaps in a ternary material, dielectric–dielectric–metal, and we show analytical equations for their computation. We show the existence of metallic band gaps not only in the lowest band but also for high frequencies. These gaps are structural ones but different and additional to the dielectric ones in the dielectric photonic crystal substrate. Therefore, as the desire properties of both, the dielectric and metallic photonic crystals, are present the applications for this particular structure are straightforward.

Designing a Tunable Filter on the One-Dimensional Ternary Photonic Crystal

A tunable filter was designed, which using the liquid crystal as defect films based on the one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal. The spectrum transmission was obtained by using the transfer matrix method, analyze the properties of the band gap of the 1D ternary photonic crystal and main factors influencing the tunable filter. The results show that the filter has different job windows by changing the thickness increment of the adjacent medium behind the liquid crystal, and the tuning range of which has 30nm and above .

Enlarged omnidirectional photonic band gap in one-dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals based on a new Thue–Morse aperiodic structure

In this paper, an omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) realized by one-dimensional ternary non-magnetized plasma dielectric photonic crystals (PPCs) based on a new Thue–Morse aperiodic structure, is studied by the transfer matrix method. From the numerical results, the OBG can be enlarged by manipulating the plasma thickness and density, but ceases to change with increasing Thue–Morse order. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the OBG. It is clear that such new one-dimensional ternary PPCs have a superior feature in the enhancement of OBG compared with the conventional ternary and conventional ternary Thue–Morse aperiodic PPCs.

Complete photonic band gaps in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals containing single negative materials

Complete photonic band gaps (PBGs) are found in one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals (1D TPCs) composed of an ordinary dielectric and single negative metamaterials. The proposed TPC gives omni directional PBG completely independent of polarizations dependent weekly on angle of incidence. Here the choice of different parameters of TPC is done in such a way so that it eliminates the Brewster's-angle transmission resonance, thus allowing a complete 3D PBG. It exhibits a photonic band or gap near frequencies where either the magnetic permeability or the electric permittivity of the metamaterial changes sign, whose width increases with the increasing angle of incidence. These result from the dispersive properties of the metamaterials and disappear for the particular case of propagation along the stratification direction. The results are discussed in terms of incident angle, layer thickness, dielectric constant of the dielectric material for TE and TM polarizations.

Effect of lateral shift of the light transmitted through a one-dimensional superconducting photonic crystal

We investigate the lateral shift of the light transmitted through the ternary one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two dielectric and one superconducting sublayers. The variations of the transmittivity spectra and the lateral shift of the light with the temperature have been investigated for both TE- and TM-polarized oblique incident light.

Omnidirectional Photonic Band Gap in One-Dimensional Ternary Superconductor-Dielectric Photonic Crystals Based on a New Thue–Morse Aperiodic Structure

In this paper, an omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) of one-dimensional (1D) ternary superconductor-dielectric photonic crystals (SDPCs) based on a new Thue–Mores aperiodic structure is theoretically studied by the transfer matrix method (TMM) in detail. Compared to zero- $\bar{n}$ gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap, such OBG originates from Bragg gap. From the numerical results, the bandwidth and central frequency of OBG can be notably enlarged by manipulating the thicknesses of superconductor and dielectric layers but cease to change with increasing the Thue–Mores order. The OBG also can be tuned by the ambient temperature of the system especially close to the critical temperature. However, the damping coefficient of the superconductor layer has no effects on the OBG. The relative bandwidth of OBG also is investigated by the parameters as mentioned above. It is clear that such 1D ternary SDPCs have a superior feature in the enhancement of the bandwidth of OBG compared to the conventional ternary SDPCs and conventional ternary Thue–Mores aperiodic SDPCs. These results may provide theoretical instructions to design the future SDPCs devices.

A broadband omnidirectional absorber based on a hetero-structure composed of a collision plasma and a ternary plasma Bragg mirror

A broadband omnidirectional absorber which is realized by heterostructures containing a collision plasma layer and a ternary plasma Bragg mirror is theoretically investigated. A collision plasma layer and an appropriate dielectric layer are put on the top of the ternary plasma photonic crystals to obtain a broadband omnidirectional absorption. It is shown to absorb roughly 70% of all available electromagnetic wave in a relative omnidirectional absorption band width 0.58 GHz with plasma width 3 mm in PCs. The band edges are impacted by the range of reflection band gap and the absorption range for transverse magnetic (TM) wave decreases at large incidence. Compared with some previous designs, our proposed structure has a relative flatter total absorption spectrum over a broad frequency range in microwave. This kind of hererostructures offer additional opportunities to design novel optoelectronic devices.

A comparative study of the reflectivity of binary and ternary one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals for obliquely incident electromagnetic wave

In present paper the reflectivity of binary and ternary one-dimensional plasma photonic crystals for obliquely incident electromagnetic waves are studied. The reflectivity is derived using transfer matrix method and solving Maxwell’s equations by employing the continuity conditions on the electric fields and its derivatives. Our analysis shows that the perfect reflection bands get enhanced in the ternary 1D-PPCs compared to the binary 1D-PPCs. Also the ternary 1D-PPCs provide an additional degree of freedom to control the perfect reflection bands.

Omnidirectional photonic band gaps enhanced by Fibonacci quasiperiodic one-dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals

An omnidirectional photonic band gap realized by one-dimensional Fibonacci quasiperiodic structure which is composed of plasma and two kinds of isotropic dielectric is theoretically studied. It has been shown that such an omnidirectional photonic band gap is insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave (EM wave). The frequency range and central frequency of omnidirectional photonic band gap cease to change with increasing Fibonacci order, but vary with the thickness and density of the plasma. The bandwidth of omnidirectional photonic band gap can be notably enlarged. The omnidirectional photonic band gap originates from a Bragg gap in contrast to zero-n˜ gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap. From the numerical results performed by the transfer matrix method (TMM), it has been proved that Fibonacci quasiperiodic one-dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals have a superior feature in the enhancement of omnidirectional photonic band gap frequency range compared with the conventional ternary plasma photonic crystals. This omnidirectional photonic band gap has potential applications in filters, microcavities, and fibers, etc.

Enlarged omnidirectional photonic gap in one dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals that contain metamaterials

Unlike most of the previous work that has been devoted for enlargement of omnidirectional gap (OBG) that originates from Bragg scattering, we address enlargement of zero-effective-phase (zero-?) gap that gives rise in one dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) that contain alternating single negative materials. In this article, we propose a new structure by introducing thin unmagnetized plasma layer between the two single negative materials in each period. The new structure is named ternary plasma PCs (TPPCs). The influences of plasma thickness, plasma frequency and collision frequency on the gap width are discussed. Numerical results show that the TPPCs structure has wider OBG gap than that of the binary PCs counterpart. Moreover, the gap width is continually enlarged by tuning the plasma layer parameters. The proposed structure helps improving filters, switches, and other devices in the microwave range.

Omnidirectional photonic band gap enlarged by one-dimensional ternary unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals based on a new Fibonacci quasiperiodic structure

In this paper, an omnidirectional photonic band gap realized by one-dimensional ternary unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals based on a new Fibonacci quasiperiodic structure, which is composed of homogeneous unmagnetized plasma and two kinds of isotropic dielectric, is theoretically studied by the transfer matrix method. It has been shown that such an omnidirectional photonic band gap originates from Bragg gap in contrast to zero-n¯ gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap, and it is insensitive to the incidence angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave. From the numerical results, the frequency range and central frequency of omnidirectional photonic band gap can be tuned by the thickness and density of the plasma but cease to change with increasing Fibonacci order. The bandwidth of omnidirectional photonic band gap can be notably enlarged. Moreover, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the bandwidth of omnidirectional photonic band gap. It is shown that such new structure Fibonacci quasiperiodic one-dimensional ternary plasma photonic crystals have a superior feature in the enhancement of frequency range of omnidirectional photonic band gap compared with the conventional ternary and conventional Fibonacci quasiperiodic ternary plasma photonic crystals.

Enhancement of omnidirectional photonic band gaps in one-dimensional ternary superconductor-dielectric photonic crystals

In this paper, the first two total omnidirectional photonic band gaps (OBGs) of one-dimensional (1D) superconductor-dielectric photonic crystals (SDPCs) which composed of superconductor (Nb) and two kinds of isotropic dielectric periodic structures have been investigated theoretically by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). It has been shown that such OBGs are insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave (EM wave) which originate from Bragg gaps. From the numerical results, it has been proved that 1D ternary SDPCs have a superior feature in the enhancement of OBGs. The frequency ranges of OBGs can be notably enlarged by increasing the thickness of superconductor layer and decreasing the thicknesses of dielectric layers. The bandwidths of OBGs can be enhanced by decreasing the ambient temperature of system. The frequency ranges of OBGs also can be manipulated by the parameters as mentioned above. This kind of OBGs has potential applications in filters, microcavities, and fibers, etc.

Omnidirectional photonic band gaps enlarged by Fibonacci quasi-periodic one-dimensional ternary superconductor photonic crystals

First two omnidirectional photonic band gaps (OBGs) realized by one-dimensional (1D) Fibonacci quasi-periodic structure which is composed of superconductor and two kinds of isotropic dielectric are theoretically studied by the transfer matrix method (TMM). From the numerical results, it has been shown that such OBGs are insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic wave (EM wave), and the frequency ranges and central frequencies of OBGs cease to change with increasing Fibonacci order, but vary with the ambient temperature of system and the thickness of the superconductor, respectively. The bandwidths of OBGs can be notably enlarged. The damping coefficient of superconductor layers has no effect on the frequency ranges of OBGs. Those OBGs originate from a Bragg gap in contrast to zero-n˜ gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap. It has been proved that Fibonacci quasi-periodic 1D ternary superconductor dielectric photonic crystals (SDPCs) have a superior feature in the enhancement of OBGs frequency ranges compared with the conventional binary dielectric photonic crystals (DPCs).

Enhancement of omnidirectional photonic band gaps in one-dimensional dielectric plasma photonic crystals with a matching layer

In this paper, we demonstrate by theoretical analysis a novel way to enhance the omnidirectional photonic band gap (OBG) in a type of photonic structure made of dielectric and plasma one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (1D PCs) by introducing a matching layer. Simulations by the transfer matrix method (TMM) show that such an OBG is insensitive to the incident angle and the polarization of electromagnetic (EM) wave; the frequency range and central frequency of OBG are significantly enlarged by introducing a matching layer in the heterostructure compared to 1D conventional binary dielectric photonic crystals (DPCs). The photonic band gap (PBG) of both polarizations also can be obviously enlarged as the incident angle is relatively small. The OBG originates from a Bragg gap in contrast to zero-ñ gap or single negative (negative permittivity or negative permeability) gap. From the numerical results, it has been shown that introducing a matching layer in such a heterostructure has a superior feature in the enhancement relative bandwidth of OBG compared with the conventional ternary plasma photonic crystals (PPCs); the frequency range of OBG can be notably enlarged by increasing the thickness and density of plasma layer.

ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF BAND GAP OF A 1D PLANAR TERNARY PHOTONIC CRYSTAL BY SIMULATING WITH A SYMMETRIC LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINE

We simulate a 1D ternary photonic crystal (TPC) employed as a clad of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) which consists three difierent lossless dielectric layers as a unit-cell. Calculating input impedance at each layer interface and using a lossless reciprocal transmission line as a model, we can predict angle intervals in which re∞ection occurs due to photonic crystal efiect. Comparing this method with transfer matrix method and bang structure shows perfect agreement.