Terms Of Total Effects Research Articles

An Investigation of Mediator Roles and the Effects of Learning Organization Approach and Intellectual Capital on Organizational Ambidexterity and Organizations’ Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Comparison of the Service and Production Sectors

In this study, it is aimed to investigate mediator roles and the effect of a learning organization approach and intellectual capital on organizational ambidexterity and entrepreneurial orientation for the service and production sectors. Snowball and judgemental sampling was used and an online survey form was created as a data collection tool. The data collection process took place between April 5 2019 and June 7 2019. The sample included 378 service and 324 production sector participants. SPSS 21, AMOS 20 and PROCESS 3.1 programs were used for data analysis. In the results of the study, it is concluded that intellectual capital has a partial mediator role in the impact of a learning organization on organizational ambidexterity and the impact value is higher in the production sector. Organizational ambidexterity and intellectual capital have a partial mediator role in the impact of a learning organization on entrepreneurial orientation and the impact values are also higher in the production sector. Finally organizational ambidexterity has a partial mediator role in the impact of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial orientation and the impact values are higher in the service sector. When evaluated in terms of total effects, it was determined that the impact coefficients for the production sector were higher in all research models.

An Investigation of Mediator Roles and the Effects of Learning Organization Approach and Intellectual Capital on Organizational Ambidexterity and Organizations’ Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Comparison of the Service and Production Sectors

In this study, it is aimed to investigate mediator roles and the effect of a learning organization approach and intellectual capital on organizational ambidexterity and entrepreneurial orientation for the service and production sectors. Snowball and judgemental sampling was used and an online survey form was created as a data collection tool. The data collection process took place between April 5 2019 and June 7 2019. The sample included 378 service and 324 production sector participants. SPSS 21, AMOS 20 and PROCESS 3.1 programs were used for data analysis. In the results of the study, it is concluded that intellectual capital has a partial mediator role in the impact of a learning organization on organizational ambidexterity and the impact value is higher in the production sector. Organizational ambidexterity and intellectual capital have a partial mediator role in the impact of a learning organization on entrepreneurial orientation and the impact values are also higher in the production sector. Finally organizational ambidexterity has a partial mediator role in the impact of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial orientation and the impact values are higher in the service sector. When evaluated in terms of total effects, it was determined that the impact coefficients for the production sector were higher in all research models.

Using tickler chains to promote more environmentally benign trawls in an Australian penaeid fishery

There has been an increasing emphasis on reducing the environmental impacts of penaeid trawls by modifying their anterior sections. In one Australian estuary, this approach has culminated in a new generic trawl comprising a slightly smaller mesh size, and steeper and shorter side panels than traditional trawls, combined with a top panel extending forwards of the bottom panel (termed ‘lead-ahead’) and no headline floats. This study sought to investigate if an additional simple, cumulative modification (tickler chain) might help promote adoption of the new trawl, via improved penaeid catches. Six volunteer fishers towing pairs of either the traditional or new trawls in double rigs were asked if an observer could accompany fishing trips, and alternately attach a light tickler chain (∼3 kg) anterior to the ground gear of one trawl. Regardless of the trawl design, the tickler chains significantly increased the catch weights of penaeids, but relatively more so in the new trawls (by 1.11 × vs 1.08 × ). The tickler chains also significantly increased the number and weight of total bycatch in the traditional trawls (by up to 1.22 × ), but not in the new trawls—although there were variable species-specific effects. In terms of total effects, the data support using tickler chains to increase the efficiency of the new trawls and their cumulative benefits, and could be promoted to facilitate broader inter- and intra-fleet adoption.

Towards an Integrative Framework of Relationship Quality in a Retail Setting: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Research question: This study aims to propose and empirically examine a relationship quality model in a grocery retail setting in Serbia. Motivation: Whereas relationship quality has been extensively studied in B2B settings and in developed economies, far less research attention has been devoted to the formation and effects of relationship quality in B2C exchange relations in developing economies. This especially holds true for Eastern Eupean emerging economies and the present research aims to fill this gap. Idea: Building upon previous research in service settings, this study proposes customer orientation as an antecedent to relationship quality, comprising relationship satisfaction, customer trust and commitment to a retailer, and attitudinal and behavioural loyalty as consequences of relationship quality. Data: The study has been performed on a convenience sample of 453 grocery retail customers in Serbia, by means of structured questionnaire. Tools: Upon supporting constructs’ validity, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been applied to examine the proposed relationships. Findings: The results of the study indicate significant direct impact of employees’ customer orientation on trust and relationship satisfaction. Commitment to a retailer and relationship satisfaction emerged as direct antecedents to attitudinal and behavioural loyalty, whereas trust emerged as an indirect determinant of loyalty constructs. In terms of total effect, relationship satisfaction emerged as the most influential determinant of both facets of customer loyalty. Contribution: The findings of the study which indicate significant indirect contribution of front-line employees’ customer orientation to attitudinal and behavioural loyalty of customers provide valuable insights for HR management of retail enterprises. In addition, by addressing relationship quality construct and its antecedents and effects in a B2C setting in thus far largely under-studied context, such as an emerging European economy, this study’s findings add to the growing body of knowledge on Relationship Marketing.

Examining the effects of the neighborhood built environment on CO2 emissions from different residential trip purposes: A case study in Guangzhou, China

This study developed structural equation models (SEMs) to examine the effects of the neighborhood built environment on CO2 emissions from different trip purposes. CO2 emissions were calculated using the Travel O-D Point Intelligent Query System (TIQS) and a 2015 travel survey in Guangzhou. The results showed that there were several differences in the influence mechanism of the neighborhood built environment on CO2 emissions for different trip purposes. Most of the built environment elements tested in this study had significant effects on CO2 emissions. Certain effects were direct effects, while others were indirect effects that influenced mediating variables, such as car ownership, mode choice or trip distance. In terms of total effect, the distance to city public centers had a positive effect on CO2 emissions from commuting trips but had a negative effect on that from recreational and daily shopping trips. In contrast, residential density had a negative effect on CO2 emissions from commuting trips but had a positive effect on that from social, recreational and daily shopping trips. Bus stop density was positively correlated with CO2 emissions from commuting trips, a counterintuitive but not implausible outcome. Additionally, bus stop density had a significant negative correlation with CO2 emissions from social and daily shopping trips. In addition, land-use mix had a negative effect on CO2 emissions from commuting, social and daily shopping trips, while metro station density and road network density had significant negative effects on CO2 emissions for all trip purposes. These results suggest that it is necessary to design targeted interventions in the built environment to encourage residents to change their travel behavior, reduce CO2 emissions, and achieve low-carbon development.

EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF BRAND EXPERIENCE ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION, BRAND TRUST AND BRAND LOYALTY

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of brand experience on consumer satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty. It also aims to put forth a model encapsulating the notions of brand experience, consumer satisfaction and brand trust to explain the relationship between these three antecedents of brand loyalty. A face to face survey was used to collect data with the use of interviewers. The population of interest was consumers of four different brands from different product categories. Convenience sampling technique was used to gather data from 1200 respondents. A total of 1102 valid questionnaires were used for analysis where structural equation modelling was used for analysis. Findings revealed that brand experience directly and positively affected consumer satisfaction, brand trust and brand loyalty. In addition, it was found that brand experience had an indirect impact on brand loyalty through both consumer satisfaction and brand trust. More specifically, it was found that the effect of brand experience on consumer satisfaction and brand trust was much more powerful than its direct effect on brand loyalty. On the other hand, in terms of total effects, it was seen that brand experience had a greater effect on brand loyalty by itself than the total effects of consumer satisfaction and brand trust combined. The empirical results indicate that brand experience has a direct effect on consumer turst. This study highlights the direct and indirect effects of brand experience on brand loyalty directly and through the mediating roles of consumer satisfaction and brand trust.

Path analysis of factors influencing household solid waste generation: a case study of Xiamen Island, China

Comprehensive study of the factors influencing household solid waste (HSW) generation is crucial and fundamental for exploring the generation mechanism and forecasting future dynamics of HSW. A case study of Xiamen Island, China was employed to reveal the direct and indirect effects of demographic/socioeconomic factors on solid waste generation at the urban household scale. Based on a face-to-face questionnaire and two-stage survey of solid waste generation, a path analysis model was built. Results showed that the proposed path model exhibited good fit indices. Family size and dinning-at-home rate (DR), whose coefficients were −0.40 and 0.43, respectively, were the two major factors influencing HSW directly. Moreover, family size, education level, employment rate and age structure played different degrees of indirect effects on HSW generation through respective paths, which should not be ignored. In terms of total effects, coefficients of family size, DR and employment rate were −0.46, 0.43 and −0.37, respectively, which were three most dominant factors influencing HSW generation. As for waste composition, organic waste was the most representative of HSW dynamics, and was the most sensitive to impact by the factors studied. Quantitative results of this study have important policy implications for sustainable municipal solid waste management.

Science Motivation Across Asian Countries: Links among Future-Oriented Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Task Values, and Achievement Outcomes

The relationships among future-oriented motivation, self-efficacy, task values of science, and achievement outcomes were investigated among 15-year-olds across four Asian nations who participated in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The factor structure of theoretical constructs as well as the causal structure of the expectancy-value model is found to be invariant across the four countries. The future goals influence the perceptions of value among the variety of tasks individuals face. Students’ subjective task values predict their science-related activities more strongly than did their self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is more strongly linked to competence than is task values in terms of total effects. The results extend the expectancy-value theory into Eastern Asian cultures.

IT업계 종사자들의 이직의도 결정요인

본 연구는 IT업계 종사자들을 대상으로 그들의 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있으며, 이를 위해서 교환론적 시각에 입각하여 이직의도 결정요인들을 체계적 포괄적으로 제시하고 있는 Price의 이직의도모형에 근거하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위한 자료는 수도권 소재 10개 IT업체 종업원 370명으로부터 수집하였으며, 자료수집도구로는 자기기입식 질문지를 사용하였다. 주된 자료 분석방법으로는 구조방정식모형분석기법을 이용하였다. 연구결과 네 개의 과업보상변수(직무다양성, 직무자율성, 직무도전성, 역할모호성), 두 개의 사회적 지원 변수(상사의 지원, 동료의 지원), 세 개의 조직보상변수(승진기회, 직업안정성, 분배공정성) 그리고 환경변수인 구직기회가 총효과의 측면에서 IT업계 종사자들의 이직의도에 영향을 미치며, 영향의 방향은 이론적 예측과 일치한다는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 이들 보상변수들에 덧붙여, 직무만족과 조직몰입의 두 변수도 IT업계 종사자들의 이직의도에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 총효과의 크기의 측면에서 이직의도에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치는 변수라는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구결과가 갖는 이론적 실천적 함의가 논의되었고, 향후연구를 위한 제언이 제시되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of intent to leave among IT industry employees, based on the Price's structural model of employee turnover. The sample used in this study were composed of 370 employees from 10 IT firms located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modelling technique. This study found that four task reward variables(job variety, job autonomy, job challenge, and role ambiguity), two social reward variables (supervisory support and coworker support), three organizational reward variables(promotional chances, job security, and distributive justice) and one environmental variable(job opportunity), had significant effects on IT industry employees' intent to leave in terms of total effects and his directions of those significant effects were consistent with theoretical predictions; and that two mediating variables, job satisfaction and organizational commitment had the most important effects on IT industry employees' intent to leave in terms of total effects. The theoretical and practical implications of the research findings were discussed and the directions for future research were suggested.

Understanding Seat‐Belt Intentions and Behavior: A Decision‐Making Approach1

In an experimental study designed to investigate a decision‐making model of seat‐belt use, 227 employees of an agrochemical company participated in a health information program in which they watched either a videotape on seat belts or a control videotape and completed questionnaires immediately afterward and at 3 months and 1 year after exposure. In terms of total effects, the seat‐belt videotape influenced beliefs, fear, and intentions assessed immediately after exposure, but had no effect on self‐reported frequency of belt use at 3 months or 1 year. A full path analysis indicated some support for the decision‐making model. In particular, probability difference (the perceived reduction in risk of death or serious injury due to wearing a belt) had a large influence on intentions to wear a belt and partly mediated the effect of the videotape on intentions. Reported frequency of belt use at 3 months was influenced both by post‐test intentions and by initial frequency of belt use. Similarly, belt use at 1 year was affected by belt use at 3 months and by initial belt use. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of subjective probabilities and habitual factors in seat‐belt use.

Bottomhole Stress Factors Affecting Drilling Rate at Depth

The mean formation stress near the bottom of a borehole is reduced by strain relaxation when a well is drilled. This causes a PV increase that can significantly reduce the local pore pressure of impermeable rocks, such as shales, but does not affect the pore pressure of permeable rocks. Since the penetration rate is strongly affected by the difference between the local pore pressure and the borehole fluid pressure, impermeable formations drill slower than adjacent permeable formations.

Sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster to low concentrations of gaseous mutagens : IV. Mutations in embryonic spermatogonia

Drosophila embryos were treated with gaseous ethylene dibromide at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 200 ppm, thereby exposing a homogeneous and non-dividing population of primordial spermatogonia. Mutations were induced at exposures as low as 1 ppm for 3 h indicating the sensitivity of spermatogonia and the usefulness of this life-cycle stage for detection of mutagens. Other advantages of using embryos are also discussed. The relations between exposure vs. percentage of mutations per chromosome tested and vs. percentage of positive males were linear at low exposures indicating the possibility of extrapolation of the data to very low doses and lack of a threshold. For some males 50% of the progeny carried a mutation, and mutations continued to appear in all tested broods providing evidence of damage to stem cells undergoing quasi-dichotomous divisions. Damage to the stem cells is important in terms of total effects on the gene pool and may contribute more mutations than that due to damage in the more sensitive spermatocytes and spermatids. Spermatogonial stages, therefore, should also be considered in mutagen screening and risk-benefit analyses.

Industrialization in Southern California

concerned themselves with the theory of geographic and functional specialization, but statistical examination of the phenomenon has been somewhat tardy. Current efforts to hasten regional economic growth, to carry industrial artificially beyond the precarious early stages and develop economic maturity in shorter and shorter periods, require an examination of the causes for economic growth so that these causes may be supported. These efforts consist of both governmentally financed basin development projects (e.g., the Central Valley) and the promotional efforts of pressure groups (e.g., chambers of commerce). Endeavors of the latter sort are even today more important than the former in terms of total effect on the pattern of regional economies. Two classes of costs influence the of industries-those associated with production and those associated with marketing. The location of industry is ultimately determined by both of these cost factors, though in some cases one group is of such overwhelming significance. that the other seems of little relevance- resourceoriented and market-oriented indus-