Terms Of Storage Research Articles

Fluorescence Lifetime Control of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamonds for Long-Term Information Storage.

Today's huge amount of data generation and transfer induced an urgent requirement for long-term data storage. Here, we demonstrate and discuss a concept for long-term storage using NV centers inside nanodiamonds. The approach is based upon the radiation-induced generation of additional vacancies (so-called GR1 states), which quench the initial NV centers, resulting in a reduced overall fluorescence lifetime of the NV center. Using the tailored fluorescence lifetime of the NV center to code the information, we demonstrate a "beyond binary" data storage density per bit. We also demonstrate that this process is reversible by heating the sample or the spot of information. This proof of principle shows that our technique may be a promising alternative data storage technology, especially in terms of long-term storage, due to the high stability of the involved color centers. In addition to the proof-of-principle demonstration using macroscopic samples, we suggest and discuss the usage of focused electron beams to write information in nanodiamond materials, to read it out with focused low-intensity light, and to erase it on the macro-, micro-, or nanoscale.

A robust and efficient vector-based key management scheme for IoT networks

Information and communication security is a critical concern in the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks that need to exchange sensitive data. Therefore, key management is essential to address such networks’ security problems. In this context, several existing research work focuses on key management solutions, which consider the resource-limitation of IoT devices. However, the weaknesses of these solutions are (1) the lack of protection for sensitive parameters during transmission, (2) security and performance metrics’ misbalancing, and (3) the vulnerability to node-compromising attacks. This paper presents a new key management scheme based on pre-distributed vectors to overcome these limits to secure key establishment, refresh, and revocation. Moreover, the network area is divided into subareas, which makes our solution lightweight, flexible, scalable, and resilient to multiple attacks while minimizing communications, computation, and storage overheads on IoT devices. We assess the proposed scheme by using (1) the BAN (Burrows Abadi Needham) formal verification logic, (2) the informal security to demonstrate its resilience against some known attacks, and (3) the performance analysis to prove its correctness. The obtained results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other schemes in terms of storage by saving more than 81.84%, communications by 100% during the group-wise key establishment, computation overheads by reducing the number of multiplication operations to 50%, and energy consumption by saving up to 99.99% during the group-wise key establishment phase. Moreover, the results show that our scheme is more resilient against node capture attacks by up to 96.43% during the initialization phase and by more than 9.89% after, making it suitable for use in resource-limited IoT networks.

Microbial risk assessment for underground hydrogen storage in porous rocks

Geological hydrogen storage, e.g. in depleted gas fields (DGF), can overcome imbalances between supply and demand in the renewable energy sector and facilitate the transition to a low carbon emissions society. A range of subsurface microorganisms utilise hydrogen, which may have important implications for hydrogen recovery, clogging and corrosion. We gathered temperature and salinity data for 75 DGF on the UK continental shelf and mapped their suitability for hydrogen storage in terms of the risk of adverse microbial effects, based on a novel collection of microbial growth constraints. Data on wind and solar operational capacities as well as offshore gas and condensate pipeline infrastructure were overlaid on the microbial risk categorization to optimize geographical centers of green hydrogen production, transport infrastructure and underground storage. We recommend storing hydrogen in 9 DGF that are at no microbial risk due to temperatures > 122 °C, or in the 35 low-risk DGF with temperatures > 90 °C. We recommend against utilising high-risk DGF with temperatures < 55 °C (9 DGF). Alignment with centers for renewable energy production and out-of-use pipelines suitable for repurposing to transport hydrogen suggests that no-risk and low-risk DGF in the Southern North Sea are the most suitable candidates for hydrogen storage. Our results advise site selection choices in geological hydrogen storage in the UK. Our methodology is applicable to any underground porous rock system globally.

LPB‐SPP: Solving the internet of things service placement problem using the learner performance‐based behavior algorithm

AbstractNowadays, fog computing has joined cloud computing as an emerging computing paradigm to provide resources at the network edge. Fog servers process data associated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices independently of cloud computing, thus saving bandwidth, resource reservations, and storage for real‐time applications with lower latency. Besides, cloud computing supports the integration of edge and cloud resources and facilitates the placement of IoT applications at the network edge. Recent researchers focus on how to deploy IoT services as components of IoT applications on fog computing units, where the loss of resources, energy, and bandwidth are minimized. This problem, known as the IoT service placement problem (SPP), is NP‐hard, and meta‐heuristic models are popular to address it. Each IoT service has its own requirements in terms of latency sensitivity, processor, memory, and storage. Meanwhile, fog computing units are heterogeneous and have limited resource capacities. Therefore, SPP should be addressed by considering the features of fog environment, tolerable delay, and network bandwidth. We formulate SPP as a multi‐objective optimization problem with the perspective of throughput, service cost, resource utilization, energy consumption, and service latency. To solve this problem, the learner performance‐based behavior (LPB) algorithm is presented as a meta‐heuristic model that originates from the MAPE‐K autonomous planning model. The proposed approach, LPB‐SPP, considers resource consumption distribution and service deployment prioritization, and also uses the concepts of elitism and balanced resource consumption to improve the placement process. The validation of LPB‐SPP has been done using different performance metrics and the results have been compared against state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Simulations show that LPB‐SPP performs better in most comparisons.

Yol ağaçlarının sağladığı ekosistem hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Burdur (Türkiye) kent merkezi

Objective: The objective of this study was to reveal at which level urban street trees in Burdur city center can accomplish ecosystem services (ES) regulation. Material and Methods: In this study, ecosystem benefits in physical terms are quantified by using a software called i-Tree Eco model developed by the USDA Forest Service. Besides tree characteristics and urban forest cover, air pollution reduction, carbon storage and sequestration, oxygen production, and avoided runoff are four regulating ES selected and studied. Results: As a result of the measurements made it was estimated that trees in Burdur city center remove 66.79 kilograms of air pollution per year and the gross sequestration of street trees was about 12.92 metric tons of carbon per year. Conclusion: Considering the data obtained as a result of this study, it can be stated that the species to t provide an advantage in terms of ecosystem services-pollution removal, carbon sequestration and storage, oxygen production, stormwater avoided-should be preferred to determine the tree species to be used in urban street afforestation.

IoV data sharing scheme based on the hybrid architecture of blockchain and cloud-edge computing

Achieving efficient and secure sharing of data in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is of great significance for the development of smart transportation. Although blockchain technology has great potential to promote data sharing and privacy protection in the context of IoV, the problem of securing data sharing should be payed more attentions. This paper proposes an IoV data sharing scheme based on the hybrid architecture of blockchain and cloud-edge computing. Firstly, to improve protocol’s efficiency, a dual-chain structure empowered by alliance chain is introduced as the model architecture. Secondly, for the space problem characterized by data storage and security, we adopt distributed storage with the help of edge devices. Finally, to both ensure the efficiency of consensus protocol and protect the privacy of vehicles and owners simultaneously, we improve DPoS consensus algorithm to realize the efficient operation of the IoV data sharing model, which is closer to the actual needs of IoV. The comparison with other data sharing models highlights the advantages of this model, in terms of data storage and sharing security. It can be seen that the improved DPoS has high consensus efficiency and security in IoV.

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND SEED STORAGE PERIODS ON THE QUALITY OF LINSEED OIL

Purpose. The purpose of the research was to determine changes in the quality of oil flax seeds of different varieties on weather condition during cultivation and storage period. Methods. Laboratory and statical research methods used. The laboratory was used to determine the oil content of flax seeds and to establish the quality indicators of the oil obtained from flax seeds at different storage periods. Statistical for estimating the standard deviation in determining the oil content of seeds. Results. The article analyzes the weather conditions during the growing season of oilseed flax. It was determined that the amount of precipitation and air temperature during the research periods significantly deviated from the average longterm indicators, and the precipitation was characterized by unevenness of arrival. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that the oil flax seeds grown in the agroclimatic conditions of Polissia of Ukraine have high quality and are suitable for use as food and technical raw materials. It was established that the Liryna variety had an oil content of 46.5–47.2 % on average over the years of experiments and was ahead of the Evryka variety by this indicator. Linseed oil had high quality indicators, its iodine value ranged from 178.4–184.2 gJ2/100g for the Eureka variety and 175.3–181.2 for the Liryna variety. A high iodine number determines a significant content of unsaturated fatty acids, which determines the oil as valuable when using it for food, pharmaceutical and technical purposes. The maximum oil content in seeds is set for the initial storage period – 38.8 and 44.5%, respectively, of the variety. At the end of the storage period, after 9 months, the oil content in the Evryka variety decreased by 4.1%, and in the Liryna variety by only 2.1%. A decrease in the iodine value was established depending on the storage period. This indicator of oil quality, depending on the shelf life, decreased from 182.1 to 179.6 (by 1.4%) for the Evryka variety and from 178.4 to 169.5 (by 5.0%) for the Liryna variety. At the end of the storage period, the acid numbers of linseed oils increased. Thus, at the end of the storage period, the content of free fatty acids in the oil obtained from the seeds of the Eureka variety increased by 1.7 times, for the Liryna variety, this indicator doubled. Conclusions. The climatic condition of Polissia ensure the production of high-quality oil, and the considered terms of storage of raw materials for its production, subject to the use of optimal regimes, ensure the quality regulated by state standard.

Ferroelectric-controlled all MXene nonvolatile flexible memory devices for data storage application

Ferroelectric materials have attracted the interest of current innovation in terms of high nonvolatile storage, light weight, smart, portable, and better functioned memories. In this work, we present all MXene (Mo2TiC2Tx/FE-Ti3C2Tx/Mo2TiC2Tx) flexible memory device with substrate-free growth in ambient conditions. The surface morphology, elemental and structural analysis confirmed synthesis of the MXene sheets. X-ray diffraction, Raman, and FTIR spectra showed the presence of TiO2 inside FE-Ti3C2Tx MXene that contributed toward the ferroelectric behavior of MXene as is evident by its hysteretic polarization curves. The extraordinary device performance with 103 on/off ratio, significant reproducibility, visible stable behavior up to 200 cycles, and a data retention of 104 s demonstrate MXene's promise to be employed in ferroelectric random access memory devices.

Coupling effects of soil and vegetation from an ecosystem service perspective

Soil provides diverse ecosystem services (ESs) to people, yet anthropogenic activities result in the degradation and loss of soil ESs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to take effective measures to protect and manage soils for sustainable development. However, the differences in ESs across soil types are not well understood, and the coupling effects of soil and vegetation on ESs at different altitudes remain unclear. In this study, the composition of soil and vegetation types under different altitude gradients were analyzed and the differences/similarities of ESs (in terms of water yield, carbon storage, and soil conservation) among different soil types were identified. Following this, the optimal soil and vegetation combinations under different altitude gradients were determined from an ES perspective. The results revealed that soil types and ESs differed markedly at each altitude gradient. ESs in the high-altitude zone were significantly higher than those in the low-altitude zone (p < 0.01). There was an obvious difference in the ES supply capacity of soil types, with brown earths and dark felty soils exhibiting higher ESs compared to purplish soils, paddy soils, red earths, and yellow earths. The felty soils and alpine steppe combination, brown coniferous forest soils and evergreen needleleaf forest combination, and brown earths and evergreen broadleaf forest combination provided the highest water yield, carbon storage, and soil conservation, respectively. Vegetation can promote or inhibitat soil ESs, depending on the vegetation and soil types. Based on the results, detailed soil and vegetation management measures were proposed for different altitudes. Dark-brown earths and dark felty soils were identified as priority soil types for protection. This study provides an important reference for soil management and landscape restoration.

Bitwise Signature Comparison: Enabling More Efficient Similarity Estimation

Estimating the similarity of sets of data is a common operation in computing. Minhash is widely used to estimate similarity by computing a signature for each set and then comparing their signatures. Therefore, signature comparison is an important part of similarity estimation. To make the comparison efficient, the size of the signature components is commonly set to the word size of the processor or to one half or one fourth of it. This enables efficient data manipulation and comparison but is not optimal in terms of storage. For example, 48-bit signatures may be more than enough in many applications but since that size cannot be easily manipulated by most processors, 64-bit signatures are used. This implies a 33.3% memory overhead. In this paper, Bitwise Signature Comparison (BSC), a method that enables the efficient comparison of signature components of any bitwidth is presented and evaluated. The results show that BSC achieves a similar speed to that of the traditional comparison implementation regardless of the size of the signature components. This enables the use of any signature component size enabling better trade-offs in the implementation of similarity estimation sketches.

Secure Data Sharing With Flexible Cross-Domain Authorization in Autonomous Vehicle Systems

As an increasingly prevalent technology in intelligent autonomous transportation systems, autonomous vehicle platoon has been indicated the ability to significantly reduce fuel consumption as well as heighten highway safety and throughput. However, existing efforts rarely focus on protecting data confidentiality and authenticity in autonomous vehicle platoons. How to ensure secure and high-fidelity platoon-level communication is still in its infancy. This paper makes the first attempt for efficient and secure communication across autonomous vehicle platoons. Specifically, we present PDSM-FC, the first privacy-preserving data share mechanism with flexible cross-domain authorization over distinctive platoons. The key insight of PDSM-FC is the design of a new ciphertext conversion technique, which allows a ciphertext to be easily converted into another type of ciphertext, facilitating efficient access by all entities holding the legitimate authorization. As a result, PDSM-FC can achieve high-fidelity data communication between two unique platoons in ciphertext, so as to complete specific tasks including platoon integration. Rigorous security analysis shows that PDSM-FC is secure against various attacks such as collusion, forgery and chosen-plaintext attacks. Moreover, theoretical evaluation and extensive experiments demonstrate the practicability of PDSM-FC in terms of functionality, storage and computation overheads.

Integration of blockchain and edge computing in internet of things: A survey

As an important technology to ensure data security, consistency, traceability, etc., blockchain has been increasingly used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The integration of blockchain and edge computing (IBEC) can further improve the resource utilization in terms of network, computing, storage, and security. This paper aims to present a survey on the IBEC. In particular, we first give an overview of blockchain and edge computing respectively. We then present a general architecture of an IBEC system. We next study the various applications of the IBEC in IoT. We also discuss the optimizations of the IBEC system and solutions from perspectives of resource management and performance improvement. Finally, we analyze and summarize the existing challenges posed by the IBEC system and the potential solutions in the future.

Prevalence, affecting factors and relationship with toileting behaviors of lower urinary tract symptoms in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to determine factors associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and their prevalence in pregnant women, and to examine the relationship between these symptoms and toileting behavior. The study included 502 pregnant women who completed the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Short Form and the Toileting Behavior-Women's Elimination Behaviors Scale. The prevalence of at least one symptom in terms of urinary storage, voiding, urinary incontinence, sexual function, and quality of life dimensions in pregnant women were 99%, 54.8%, 60.4%, 19.7%, and 72.5%, respectively. The results showed that the lower urinary tract symptoms of pregnant women were related to premature voiding (developing the habit of voiding when there is less than 260 ml of urine in the bladder), being in the third trimester of pregnancy, the presence of stress urinary incontinence during or after pregnancy and history of urinary tract infection. Furthermore, it was found that pregnant women's total Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Short Form score had a weak correlation with their Toileting Behavior-Women's Elimination Behaviors Scale general total score, and scores in the subsections on premature voiding, delayed voiding, and straining for voiding. Given that lower urinary tract symptoms are common among pregnant women, women should be offered antenatal training on lower urinary tract symptoms and preventative measures early on in their pregnancy to ensure they develop healthy toileting habits.

Tertiary oil recovery and CO2 storage from laboratory injection of CO2 or water-saturated CO2 into a sandstone core

Water-saturated CO2 (wsCO2) injection can improve CO2 sweep efficiency during CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). Previous studies investigated wsCO2 injection only as a secondary oil recovery method, CO2 injection begins at connate water saturation - the rest bring oil. However, CO2 injection usually follows water injection, in which case the injection is referred to as a tertiary recovery method.In this study, we inject pure CO2 and wsCO2 into a heterogeneous, Hutton Sandstone core that is subjected to 116 °C, 15.5 MPa, represents immiscible conditions. The core is saturated with brine followed by injecting 40 pore volumes (PVs) of oil, reaching the irreducible water saturation (Swi) – a state analogous to connate water. Afterwards, 40 PVs of brine are injected into the core, analogous to secondary oil recovery, thereby reaching residual oil saturation after water injection (Sorw). Subsequently, 40 PVs of pure CO2 or wsCO2 are injected, analogous to tertiary oil recovery.The oil and water are injected with the core horizontal (that is, with its ends facing sideways). However, to receive the CO2 or wsCO2, a given core is held in one of two orientations: vertical with CO2 or wsCO2 injected at the top, or horizontal. Pressure difference across the core, oil produced, and CO2 stored are recorded. For both vertical and horizontal orientation, pressure difference during wsCO2 injection is found to exhibit local maxima 2.2 to 4.3 times the normal level, indicating a reduction in wsCO2 mobility and therefor reduced relative permeability to CO2. Vertical orientation is found to yield similar oil production and CO2 storage for pure CO2 and wsCO2 injection, which is consistent with the expectation of 100% sweep efficiency. However, for horizontal orientation, the ultimate oil recovery where wsCO2 is injected is found to be 3.2% PVs higher than that where pure CO2 is injected, and CO2 storage where wsCO2 is injected is found to be 10% PVs higher than that where pure CO2 is injected. These results for horizontal orientation are attributed to low CO2 sweep efficiency, which is due to the gravity effect (which causes the CO2 to congregate at the top of the rock, thereby bypassing a large quantity of oil at the bottom of the rock). WsCO2 injection is superior to pure CO2 injection in terms of oil recovery and CO2 storage. However, wsCO2 has more profound effect on CO2 storage compared to oil recovery because the injected wsCO2 enhances the production of both water and oil, leaving more pore space for CO2 storage.

Metal-Ion Batteries: Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects

A new type of battery known as metal-ion batteries promises better performance than existing batteries. In terms of energy storage, they could prove useful and eliminate some of the problems existing batteries face. This review aims to help academics and industry work together better. It will propose ways to measure the performance of metal-ion batteries using important factors such as capacity, convertibility, Coulombic efficiency, and electrolyte consumption. With the development of technology, a series of metal ion-based batteries are expected to hit the market. This review presents the latest innovative research findings on the fabrication of metal-ion batteries with new techniques.

FORMULATION A NATURAL COSMETIC SCRUB OF DURIAN HUSK (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR.) AND THE CHARACTERISTIC TESTS)

The high production of durian fruit gives an environmental problem if it is not used properly. Durian fruit skin contains flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins which have antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant activity makes durian husk a candidate as a basic ingredient for natural cosmetics. Producing a formulation of scrub preparations as natural cosmetics based on the results of the characteristic test was the purpose in this research. Experimental research with a post-test design technique was carried out by making the changes of the concentration of durian husk as an active ingredient in the scrub preparations used in this study. The form of an oil-in-water cream scrub was used as the formulation in a change of concentration range of 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 3% (F3) for each formula. Furthermore, the characteristic test was carried out which included organoleptic test, homogeneity test. pH test, viscosity test, spreadability test, and adhesion test. In this research also used statistica tests. The results showed that the best formulation is obtained from formulation 3 (F3) with a concentration of 3% durian rind. The characteristic test results include: stable organoleptic test for storage in terms of shape, color and odor; homogeneity test formed granules and there was no separation between the oil and water phases; Stable pH test according to skin pH at 5.05; spreadability test 7.3 cm; viscosity test 64 dPa.s; and 2.41 minutes of adhesion test. It pointed that all formulations fulfilled the requirements for topical scrubs in each characteristic test.

Climate-Smart Forestry: Promise and risks for forests, society, and climate

Climate change is presenting a global challenge to society and ecosystems. This is changing long-standing methods to determine the values of forests to include their role in climate mitigation and adaptation, alongside traditional forest products and services. Forests have become increasingly important in climate change dialogues, beyond international climate negotiations, because of their framing as a Natural Climate Solution (NCS) or Nature-Based Solution (NBS). In turn, the term “Climate-Smart Forestry” (CSF) has recently entered the vernacular in myriad disciplines and decision-making circles espousing the linkage between forests and climate. This new emphasis on climate change in forestry has a wide range of interpretations and applications. This review finds that CSF remains loosely defined and inconsistently applied. Adding further confusion, it remains unclear how existing guidance on sustainable forest management (SFM) is relevant or might be enhanced to include CSF principles, including those that strive for demonstrable carbon benefits in terms of sequestration and storage. To contribute to a useful and shared understanding of CSF, this paper (1) assesses current definitions and framing of CSF, (2) explores CSF gaps and potential risks, (3) presents a new definition of CSF to expand and clarify CSF, and (4) explores sources of CSF evidence.

The techno-economic potential of large-scale hydrogen storage in Germany for a climate-neutral energy system

The seasonal storage of natural gas is a recognized and reliable technology in the energy industry. Salt caverns are particularly suitable for storing alternative gaseous fuels such as hydrogen. Germany has a great technical potential for expanding its cavern storage capacity, which exceeds the expected demand for hydrogen many times. Regarding the projected long-term decline in natural gas use, the question arises as to whether existing caverns can meet future storage requirements. To this end, a techno-economic model is presented to meet electricity and hydrogen demand in a cost-optimal solution. This analysis focused on the utilization of hydrogen storage in terms of energy throughput and maximum storage capacity. To link the outcome of economic dispatch to the literature, the fundamental assumptions are based on comprehensive capacity expansion models. This study advances the state of the art by evaluating key input parameters of the future energy system. By conducting 192 model runs, the analysis revealed the range of uncertainty in terms of storage use. This indicates a strong dependence of the systemic and economic value of hydrogen storage on boundary conditions such as a consideration of dark doldrums, a flexible hydrogen demand profile, hydrogen import restrictions and a larger electrolyzer capacity. The uncertainty ranged from 0 to 67 TWhH2 for the storage capacity, with an average of 36.6 TWhH2 across all scenarios, and from 0 to 190 TWhH2 for the annual energy throughput. These results are significant for gas storage operators who derive transformation strategies and policymakers evaluating financial funding requirements.

The efficiency of natural plant extracts in improving storage stability, antioxidant activity, sensory evaluation, and physicochemical properties of date juice-based energy drink

Energy drinks (EDs) are a type of sweetened and non-alcoholic beverage with high content of caffeine. EDs were prepared from date juice enriched with different concentrations of ginger rhizomes extract, moringa leaf extract, and caffeine. Physicochemical properties (pH, TSS, and color parameters), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, microbiological quality, and sensory characteristics were evaluated for freshly prepared EDs and during storage. The results showed that freshly prepared EDs from date juice and natural extracts revealed lower pH, higher TSS, and lower color parameters than the control. The inclusion of date juice and natural extracts improved the TPC, antioxidant activity, and microbiological quality of freshly prepared EDs. Storage studies exhibited that EDs containing date juice and natural extracts were more stable during storage in terms of all quality parameters estimated. However, the ED made from date juice, ginger extract, moringa extract, and caffeine was the best in terms of all parameters evaluated with higher stability during 3 months of storage at room temperature. In general, by date juice and natural plant extracts addition, a desirable ED can be prepared.

Yolk@Wrinkled-double shell smart nanoreactors: new platforms for mineralization of pharmaceutical wastewater.

Nanomaterials with "yolk and shell" "structure" can be considered as "nanoreactors" that have significant potential for application in catalysis. Especially in terms of electrochemical energy storage and conversion, the nanoelectrode has a large specific surface area with a unique yolk@shell structure, which can reduce the volume change of the electrode during the charging and discharging process and fast ion/electron transfer channels. The adsorption of products and the improvement of conversion reaction efficiency can greatly improve the stability, speed and cycle performance of the electrode, and it is a kind of ideal electrode material. In this research, heterojunction nanoreactors (FZT Y@WDS) Fe3O4@ZrO2-X@TiO2-X were firstly synthesized based on the solvothermal combined hard-template process, partial etching and calcination. The response surface method was used to determine the performance of the FZT Y@WDS heterojunction nanoreactors and the effects of four process factors: naproxen concentration (NAP), solution pH, the amount of charged photocatalyst, and the irradiation time for photocatalytic degradation of NAP under visible light irradiation. To maximize the photocatalytic activity, the parameters of the loaded catalyst, the pH of the reaction medium, the initial concentration of NAP, and the irradiation time were set to 0.5g/L, 3, 10mg/L, and 60 min, respectively, resulting in complete removal of NAP and the optimum amount was calculated to be 0.5g/L, 5.246, 14.092mg/L, and 57.362 min, respectively. Considering the promising photocatalytic activity of FZT Y@WDS under visible light and the separation performance of the nanocomposite, we proposed this photocatalyst as an alternative solution for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.