Terms Of Storage Research Articles

Classification of Some Barley Cultivars with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

The homogeneity of the seeds is an important factor in terms of processing, transportation, storage, and product quality of agricultural products. It is possible to classify the grain polymorphism of barley cultivars, which are economically important among cereal crops, in a short time with computer vision methods with high accuracy rate and almost zero cost. In this research, a novel image database consisting of 2800 images were created to classify 14 barley cultivars. Six different deep convolutional neural network models were designed based on a transfer learning method with pretrained DenseNet-121, DenseNet-169, DenseNet-201, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2 and Xception networks. The models were trained and evaluated with test-time augmentation method, the best performance was obtained from DenseNet-169 model with average 96.07% recall, 96.29% precision, 96.07% F1-score, and 96.07% accuracy on a test set independent of the training set. The results showed that the transfer learning method performed using additional layers such as dropout and data augmentation with sufficient data samples in these images with high similarities prevented overfitting by increasing the model performance. As a result, it can be suggested that the provided web tool based on the transfer model has an encouraging performance in identifying seedswith a high number of cultivars such as barley.

Recent Advances for Electrode Modifications in Flow Batteries: Properties, Mechanisms, and Outlooks.

Flow batteries (FBs) have been demonstrated in several large-scale energy storage projects, and are considered to be the preferred technique for large-scale long-term energy storage in terms of their high safety, environmental friendliness, and long life, including all-vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) and Fe-Cr flow batteries (ICFBs). As the electrochemical reaction site, the electrode parameters, such as the specific surface area, active site, and so on, have a significant impact on the flow battery performance and reliability. Extensive research has been carried out on electrode modification to improve the current density and energy efficiency of the FBs. In this review, the reaction mechanisms of VFBs and ICFBs are discussed in detail firstly, and then the electrodes modification methods are overviewed and summarized from four aspects: self-modification, carbon-based electrocatalysts, metal-based electrocatalysts and composite electrocatalysts. Finally, the recent catalytic mechanism, in situ characterization technology, and future research directions are presented.

The cloud forensics frameworks and tools: A brief review

A Cloud is a platform that allows for quick application deployment and dynamic scaling. The cloud differs from on-premise software and data storage in terms of cost, security, scalability, recovery, and mobility which makes more businesses are switching from on-premise to cloud solutions every year. Although cloud computing models have several benefits over on-site models, they are nonetheless vulnerable to both internal and external threats. Even malicious operations can be carried out on the cloud with ease because of the flexible environment. Forensic investigations require the extraction of evidence, and analysis of a cloud system after an intrusion or break-in. It enables investigators to find and retrieve data from a variety of sources in the cloud environment. It is very challenging to find proof of a crime since the distributed nature of the cloud prevents evidence from being retained on a specific physical machine and instead disperses the data over various regions. This paper focuses on current forensic investigation tools used in the Cloud environment and highlights the need for the development of efficient cloud forensic tools.

Responses of freeze-thaw process and hydrothermal variations within soil profiles to the cultivation of forest and grassland in Northeast China

The freeze-thaw process (FTP) deeply affects soil hydrothermal dynamics and agricultural productivity and sustainability, particularly in the context of land degradation under climate warming. Cultivation of forest and grassland induces changes in soil properties, which may change the freeze-thaw regimes within the soil profiles. Nonetheless, there has very limited knowledge of the response of FTP after the cultivation of forest and grassland. To reveal the impact of the cultivation, we compared the soil FTPs and hydrothermal dynamics in farmland under conventional tillage with uncultivated grassland and woodland. In this study, soil temperature (ST) and soil water content (SWC) were monitored in situ at different depths (10, 30, 50, 70 and 100 cm) in Northeast China, an important agricultural zone with frequent freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). The results showed that compared to the undisturbed grassland and woodland, the farmland suffered from more intensive FTP involving more variation in soil hydrothermal dynamics. The FTP in the farmland was characterized by unidirectional freezing and bidirectional thawing. Temporally, the onset and the end of the freezing or thawing period in the upmost 30 cm soil layer of the farmland were 1–11 days earlier than that of the grassland and woodland. Besides, the farmland had significantly longer freeze-thaw durations (15 and 27 days longer than grassland and woodland, respectively) as well as subjected to more frequent FTCs (4 and 8 times more than grassland and woodland, respectively). Regarding the efficiency of thermal transfer between the soil and the air, it was more efficient in the farmland. Especially for the upper 30 cm soil layer, the farmland had a stronger correlation between ST and air temperature (AT). Throughout a whole freeze-thaw period, the farmland had less water migrated from the deeper layer to the upper 100 cm soil layer, with 5.38 and 32.95 mm less than grassland and woodland, respectively, in terms of incremental soil water storage. There was an interactive relationship between ST, SWC and the FTP, and overall, the cultivation altered the soil FTP and hydrothermal regimes. These findings have potential implications for a better understanding of the effect of cultivation on the soil FTP and provide a reference for parameter settings in simulated freeze-thaw experiments.

Challenging the Curse of Dimensionality in Multidimensional Numerical Integration by Using a Low-Rank Tensor-Train Format

Numerical integration is a basic step in the implementation of more complex numerical algorithms suitable, for example, to solve ordinary and partial differential equations. The straightforward extension of a one-dimensional integration rule to a multidimensional grid by the tensor product of the spatial directions is deemed to be practically infeasible beyond a relatively small number of dimensions, e.g., three or four. In fact, the computational burden in terms of storage and floating point operations scales exponentially with the number of dimensions. This phenomenon is known as the curse of dimensionality and motivated the development of alternative methods such as the Monte Carlo method. The tensor product approach can be very effective for high-dimensional numerical integration if we can resort to an accurate low-rank tensor-train representation of the integrand function. In this work, we discuss this approach and present numerical evidence showing that it is very competitive with the Monte Carlo method in terms of accuracy and computational costs up to several hundredths of dimensions if the integrand function is regular enough and a sufficiently accurate low-rank approximation is available.

Rheological Assessment of Oil-Xanthan Emulsions in Terms of Complex, Storage, and Loss Moduli.

This experimental assessment was carried out to study the viscoelastic performance of crude oil-xanthan emulsions employing a RheoStress RS100 rheometer. Crude oil with a concentration range of 0−75% by volume was used to prepare the oil-gum emulsions. Two xanthan gums of Sigma and Kelzan were added in the emulsions with concentration ranges of 0−104 ppm. The linear viscoelastic ranges of all the tested oil-gum emulsions were found in the range of 0.1−10 Pa. Thus, the experimental tests were completed within the linear viscoelastic range of 1 Pa. The complex modulus increased gradually and steadily with frequency and gum concentration for all the examined emulsions. The addition of crude oil into the lighter xanthan concentration of <103 ppm provided almost the same behavior as the xanthan solution, whereas the presence of crude oil within the higher xanthan concentrations significantly stimulated the measured values of the complex modulus. For lower gum concentrations of up to 1000 ppm, oil concentration displayed no effect on both the storage and loss moduli, whereas for gum concentrations higher than 1000 ppm, both moduli increased gradually with crude oil concentration.

Including thermal network operation in the optimization of a Multi Energy System

The combined production of different energy vectors with Multi Energy Systems is a very attractive opportunity to increase the generation efficiency, compensate the oscillations of renewable sources, and improve the flexibility in power generation. Optimizing their operation is a complex task, since the problem can easily reach high dimensions, representing a challenge for commercial solvers. The inclusion in the optimization of a thermal network whose simulation is based on temperatures and flowrates allows to significantly improve the applicability of the obtained results. In addition, the effect of the operating temperatures on the performances of thermal components should be included as well. With these purposes, the present study proposes a strategy for the operation optimization of a MES and its internal thermal network. The model relies on a decomposition approach, where the original problem is divided in two subproblems. In the first one, the MES operating costs are minimized without considering the effects of the thermal network, while in the second one, the thermal network operation is optimized in order to find the operating conditions that are more favourable to the ones found for the MES. These subproblems are iteratively solved until the process converges to a stable solution. Some efforts are taken to keep the mathematical formulation as simple as possible (the MES is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming, while the heating network is a Quadratically Constrained Programming). The developed model allows to find near-optimal solutions which satisfy the numerous physical and technical constraints addressed. The results provide an optimized schedule for the thermal storage in terms of mass flowrates and temperature. One of the strengths of the model is the relatively low computational time required to reach the convergence and, despite not being the global optimum, the high quality of the solution obtained.

Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane System in the Spotlight: The Role of Rydberg States and Dynamic Electronic Correlation in a Solar‐Thermal Building Block

AbstractIn this contribution, we studied the photophysics and photochemistry of an archetypal molecular switch in terms of solar energy storage and release. In detail, we characterized the valence and Rydberg states of norbornadiene (NBD) and quadricyclane (QC) by means of CASPT2//CASSCF theory level, finding a good agreement of the calculated vertical excitation energies with the experimental counterparts. The NBD↔QC thermal and photochemical valence isomerization [2π+2π] reactions have been addressed and investigated. Low energy crossing points between excited states were identified for both the NBD↔QC photochemical reactions, through the calculation of minimum energy paths which revealed that the photochemistry is ruled by the deformation of two coupled reaction coordinates. Such coordinates were also used to build potential energy surfaces through relaxed energy scans with the goal of building a simplified, still accurate, model system able to catch the NBD↔QC photorelaxation. Also, the S1/S0 respective conical intersection were characterized and related to the reaction quantum yield. Interestingly, we found that reverse photoisomerization from QC to the NBD progenitor could in principle occur by direct excitation of σ‐3s and σ‐3p Rydberg excited states in the UV spectral range. In both NBD and QC photoreactivity, the doubly excited valence state has shown to play a crucial role for reaching crossing points leading to nonadiabatic population transfers.

Kajian Prespektif Layananan Digital Library

Information system is an information technology and activities for those who use it to support management activities. A digital library is an organization that provides information resources, including librarians, to select, organize, provide access, translate, distribute, maintain unity, and maintain the continuity of digital collections so that users can always access them and use them easily. Digital libraries offer services as well as information centers. Digital library services are those that are available digitally through computer networks and the internet. The purpose of this study is to explain the current digital library phenomenon and the services provided by outlining the challenges and opportunities they face. This study uses a literature review research method. Literature review is more often referred to as a literature review in the field of research, especially the creation of scientific works. Therefore, literature review can be described as an analytical activity that can be in the form of criticism of a particular scientific work related research projects in the field. Explanation or discussion of the theory of a finding or research topic is the content of this literature review. The explanation of these theories can be used as a theoretical basis for scientific work or research. The result of this study is that digital libraries differ from local copies in terms of storage and physical location. From the start, most of the work done by digital libraries was centralized and organized like a regular library. Digital libraries are influenced by the human resources and infrastructure they have used to provide services. Libraries must meet the needs of their customers. Human resources or librarians who also follow the development of information technology are very important for information-providing libraries. Therefore, it is hoped that librarians will be able to meet customer needs through the provision of superior digital services.&#x0D;

Interface Engineering Enables High-Performance Sb Anode for Sodium Storage

Heterointerface engineering has been verified to be an effective approach to enhance the energy density of alkali-ion batteries by resolving inherent shortcomings of single materials. However, the rational construction of heterogeneous composite with abundant heterogeneous interfaces for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still a significant challenge. Herein, inspired by density functional theory calculations, interface engineering can greatly decrease the energy bandgap and migration barrier of Na ions in Sb and Na3Sb phases, as well as enhance the mechanical properties. A porous heterointerface MOFC-Sb is fabricated by utilizing MOF-C as a support and buffer, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performances for sodium storage. The MOF-C-Sb anode with its rich heterointerface presents an improved electrochemical performance of 540.5 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g-1, and 515.9 mAh g-1 at 1.6 A g-1 in term of sodium storage, efficiently resolving the serious volume expansion issues of metal Sb. These results indicate the structural superiority of heterointerface-engineered structure and afford valuable information for the rational design and construction of Sb-based anode materials for high-performance electrochemical energy storage.

Hollow heterostructured Cu1.96S/NiS microspheres coupled with nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped carbon realizing superior reaction kinetics and sodium storage

Hierarchical Cu1.96S/NiS@DC nanomicrospheres exhibit enhanced sodium storage in terms of rate capability and cycle life.

A Case for Space Compaction of B-Tree Nodes on Flash Storage

It is well known that the in-use space in B-tree nodes is only two-thirds, on average. Such low space utilization is detrimental to flash storage in terms of cost as well as performance. In particular, as the database grows, the logical space waste in B-tree nodes will exacerbate the physical write amplification inside flash devices, worsening the write performance and eventually degrading transaction throughput. To address this problem, we propose two space compaction techniques for B-tree nodes: space reservation and data redistribution. The space reservation technique dynamically reserves the free space per index to prevent node split caused by future updates. Meanwhile, data redistribution redistributes records to a neighboring node before the split occurs. Experimental results using MySQL show that our approach can reduce the in-use database space by up to 40%, doubling the throughput. In addition, our approach outperforms MyRocks with less space. Our experimental results confirm that space compaction techniques obsolete on hard disks are very rewarding on flash storage.

Lightweight Storage Framework for Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Things Under Cloud Computing

Due to its decentralized, tamper-proof, and trust-free characteristics, blockchain is used in the Internet of Things (IoT) to guarantee the reliability of data. However, some technical flaws in blockchain itself prevent the development of these applications, such as the issue with linearly growing storage capacity of blockchain systems. On the other hand, there is a lack of storage resources for sensor devices in IoT, and numerous sensor devices will generate massive data at ultra-high speed, which makes the storage problem of the IoT enabled by blockchain more prominent. There are various solutions to reduce the storage burden by modifying the blockchain’s storage policy, but most of them do not consider the willingness of peers. In attempt to make the blockchain more compatible with the IoT, this paper proposes a storage optimization scheme that revisits the system data storage problem from a more practically oriented standpoint. Peers will only store transactional data that they are directly involved in. In addition, a transaction verification model is developed to enable peers to undertake transaction verification with the aid of cloud computing, and an incentive mechanism is premised on the storage optimization scheme to assure data integrity. The results of the simulation experiments demonstrate the proposed scheme’s advantage in terms of storage and throughput.

Survival of lactic acid bacteria when using the developed yogurt from the milk of small cattle under in-vitro conditions

Functional nutrition is the use in everyday life of products of natural or artificial origin, which have a regulatory effect on the physiological functions, biochemical reactions of a person through the normalization of his microecological status. Cow remains a common raw material for yoghurts. In this article, the milk of small ruminants is considered as a raw material. The functionality of yogurt, shelf life, survival of bacteria in in vitro conditions are being studied. The purpose of the article is to identify the number of live microorganisms in terms of storage from - days, and in vitro conditions. Therefore, we chose the second method in order to study the viability of probiotics in the developed yogurts from sheep and goat milk, by modeling the gastrointestinal tract in vitro in comparison with the information available in the scientific literature. The studies were carried out in two stages: the stage of activation and preparation of strains, the second stage of modeling the gastrointestinal tract and checking at each stage of digestion. In this study, there were 8 samples, all samples showed a constant number of viable cells during 14 days of storage, even at 21 days there were viable bacteria. The number of viable cells was maintained at 107 and 106 CFU/mL until the 21st day of storage at 4 °C. The difference between BB counts may be related to its sensitivity to oxygen. Based on the experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that the samples showed a good initial concentration of probiotics - above 1010 CFU/g, after activation, as well as after simulating passage through the gastrointestinal tract with an average decrease of 106 and 107 CFU/g, which proves the therapeutic ability yoghurts from sheep's milk obtained according to the claimed method.

Unleashing the Power of Information Theory: Enhancing Accuracy in Modeling Physical Phenomena

When building a model of a physical phenomenon or process, scientists face an inevitable compromise between the simplicity of the model (qualitative-quantitative set of variables) and its accuracy. For hundreds of years, the visual simplicity of a law testified to the genius and depth of the physical thinking of the scientist who proposed it. Currently, the desire for a deeper physical understanding of the surrounding world and newly discovered physical phenomena motivates researchers to increase the number of variables considered in a model. This direction leads to an increased probability of choosing an inaccurate or even erroneous model. This study describes a method for estimating the limit of measurement accuracy, taking into account the stage of model building in terms of storage, transmission, processing and use of information by the observer. This limit, due to the finite amount of information stored in the model, allows you to select the optimal number of variables for the best reproduction of the observed object and calculate the exact values of the threshold discrepancy between the model and the phenomenon under study in measurement theory. We consider two examples: measurement of the speed of sound and measurement of physical constants.

Techno-economic analysis of battery storage systems and hydrogen-based storage systems as an alternative to grid expansion in the medium voltage grid in Germany

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;The decentralization of the energy system in Germany is leading to enormous investments in grid expansion, as the current regulation creates an obligation to expand the power grid to eliminate bottlenecks. Meanwhile, opportunities to leverage grid-friendly control of storage systems are neglected to alleviate the need for investment. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate intelligent alternatives to grid expansion, such as storage systems, to efficiently integrate distributed technologies into the power system and reduce the need for grid expansion. In this work, two representative configurations of a medium voltage grid in Germany are developed for the years 2022 and 2050, and different storage systems are compared economically with the grid expansion in a model-based simulation. Hydrogen storage and battery storage were chosen as storage systems. The results show that grid expansion is the least expensive option if only the grid expansion costs are included in the analysis. However, if additional uses for the storage systems are considered, the battery storage systems are more economical. While in the scenario for 2050 the grid expansion causes costs of approx. 56,000 EUR per year, revenues of at least 58,000 EUR per year can be achieved via the revenue opportunities of the battery storage, representing a 3.5% margin. Heat extraction, arbitrage trading, and avoidance of grid expansion in superimposed grid levels were integrated as additional revenue streams/sources. A robust data basis and cost degressions were assumed for the simulations to generate meaningful results. Overall, hydrogen storage systems are economically inferior to battery storage systems and grid expansion for this use case. The results demonstrate the complexity of analyzing the trade-offs in terms of storage as an alternative to grid expansion as well as the opportunities presented using battery storage instead.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Impact of hydrogen cells on economic efficiency and the environment according to renewable energy standards

Purpose: The research goal of the work is to determine the levels of profitability of hydrogen cells and their impact on the environment. The authors of the article answer the question under what boundary conditions there is an economic justification for the use of hydrogen cells in various branches of the economy while respecting environmental regulations and standardizing energy production by the principles of a sustainable economy. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out using economic measurement model methods. These methods allowed the authors to calculate the market value of the investment with the assumed boundary criteria and to determine the economic effectiveness of the analyzed research problem. Additionally, the authors analyzed the problems of the widespread use of hydrogen in terms of its storage in technical, technological and economic terms. Findings: Research has shown that it is possible to obtain up to 7% by weight. hydrogen relative to the mass of the metal. Carbon nanofibers may become the material of the future for making hydrogen tanks. The use of fuel cells brings many benefits: simple structure and operation, neutral impact on the environment, and low noise level. Moreover, hydrogen fuel cell technology allows for efficient operation for a long time and the possibility of high momentary overloads, which allows for considerable scalability and wide application with economic justification. Practical implications: The presented models have shown that the project of their implementation is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational investment decision. Originality/value: The original contribution of this work is the implication of the data on real research models. This data allowed the authors to make calculations and indicate directions of improvement for the construction of innovative hydrogen cell solutions as part of the standardization of regulations on renewable energy sources in various sectors of the economy. Keywords: Hydrogen, hydrogen storage, fuel cells. Category of the paper: Research paper.

IoT trust aggregation using hybrid outlier detection and consensus

Trust modelling and management strategy used identify and mitigate threats by malicious devices rely on peer recommendations to compute trustworthiness. Aggregating opinions from independent devices is crucial in such recommendation-based systems to arrive at a consensus for decision making. Existing aggregation techniques like arithmetic mean, geometric mean (weighted/non-weighted), and maximum/minimum functions ignore the risk of biased and uncertain recommendations. To encounter such vulnerabilities, we propose a novel trust assessment model, outlier and uncertain recommendation-based trust management (OUR-Trust). It uses an outlier elimination and similarity-based scheme to evaluate the recommender's credibility before aggregation for consensus and decision making. The model employs revised Dempster-Shaffer combination rule for aggregation, which considers the uncertainty factor. Effectiveness of proposed approach is analysed for a dynamic and heterogeneous IoT network of dynamic and heterogeneous devices. OUR-Trust is validated for storage, power-efficiency, and scalability in terms of convergence time for more extensive IoT networks that employ recommender systems.

Polarization-tunable interfacial properties in monolayer-MoS2 transistors integrated with ferroelectric BiAlO3(0001) polar surfaces.

With the explosion of data-centric applications, new in-memory computing technologies, based on nonvolatile memory devices, have become competitive due to their merged logic-memory functionalities. Herein, employing first-principles quantum transport simulation, we theoretically investigate for the first time the electronic and contact properties of two types of monolayer (ML)-MoS2 ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) integrated with ferroelectric BiAlO3(0001) (BAO(0001)) polar surfaces. Our study finds that the interfacial properties of the investigated partial FeFET devices are highly tunable by switching the electric polarization of the ferroelectric BAO(0001) dielectric. Specifically, the transition from quasi-Ohmic to the Schottky contact, as well as opposite contact polarity of respective n-type and p-type Schottky contact under two polarization states can be obtained, suggesting their superior performance metrics in terms of nonvolatile information storage. In addition, due to the feature of (quasi-)Ohmic contact in some polarization states, the explored FeFET devices, even when operating in the regular field-effect transistor (FET) mode, can be extremely significant in realizing a desirable low threshold voltage and interfacial contact resistance. In conjunction with the formed van der Waals (vdW) interfaces in ML-MoS2/ferroelectric systems with an interlayer, the proposed FeFETs are expected to provide excellent device performance with regard to cycling endurance and memory density.

Research Progress of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries

In order to reach the peak in carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to perform technical research to reduce carbon emissions. Key core technologies such as zero emissions/reductions, hydrogen industry, and energy storage are particularly important in energy conservation and emissions reduction. In terms of energy storage, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are more advanced. However, traditional LIBs have risks such as swelling, leakage, and flammability. The creation of solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLBs) will be thoroughly described in this article, along with the benefits and drawbacks of various electrolytes and electrode materials. Additionally, the future development prospects of SSLBs will be discussed. In the long run, with the continuous optimization of SSLBs performance, the positive electrode material system is a higher specific capacity of lithium-rich materials, and the lithium-ion batteries with negative metal lithium will become mainstream, and the SSLBs technology with a higher energy density, lower cost, more security, and better stability will play a vital supporting role in the clean energy transformation.