Terms Of Sales Volume Research Articles

Comparison Of the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and The United States - In Terms of Sales Volume, Policies, And Technology

In today's global warming environment, countries are trying to reduce their carbon emissions. One of the most accepted and effective ways around the world is to develop the electric vehicle industry. China and the United States, as the two largest economies in the world, the development of the electric vehicle industry in the two countries can be a reference for the world, especially in the context of China's first electric vehicle sales. In the United States, as an automobile power, the electric vehicle industry is also developing rapidly, and gradually catching up with the pace of China. Therefore, by comparing the sales volume, technology and policies of the two countries, this study analyzes the similarities and differences between the industry in the two countries, aiming to find ways to develop the electric vehicle industry in the two countries and even the whole world, and jointly contribute to solving the global climate problem.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON COOPERATIVES’ RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF THE HEALTH CRISIS: CASE OF COOPERATIVES IN THE AZILAL PROVINCE

Moroccan cooperatives and like any other economic actors have suffered adverse repercussions from the health crisis, mainly in terms of sales volumes following the measures imposed by Morocco to stem the spread of the Coronavirus, such as the ban on gatherings, which has complicated the situation of the cooperatives which have found themselves faced with the difficulty of promoting and selling their products knowing that their practices for selling them revolve around gatherings, namely trade fairs and other ways such as "Dlala". Persuaded by the importance of digital, cooperatives have opted for digital transformation, namely online sales, as an adequate solution to the health situation. In this regard, this work aims to assess the role of the digital transformation of the sales process in the resilience of cooperatives in the face of the health crisis. To do this, we adopted an approach of exploring the case of the cooperatives through a field survey conducted in May 2022 at the level of the BZOU commune / Province of Azilal. The population studied is composed of fifteen (15) cooperatives, meaning 50 members/employees an average.

S-37-5: HOW TO CHECK WHETHER A BLOOD PRESSURE DEVICE HAS BEEN PROPERLY VALIDATED FOR ACCURACY

Accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is a fundamental requirement for correct hypertension diagnosis and management. For BP measurement, hypertension guidelines recommend using an automated BP measuring device that has passed accuracy testing in accordance with an internationally-accepted validation protocol. These devices should be used for clinic, home and ambulatory BP monitoring. Automated BP measuring devices confirmed to have been appropriately validated have less measurement variability and are more likely to be accurate compared with non-validated automated BP devices. Unfortunately, regulatory loopholes enable marketing and sale of automated BP measuring devices that have not passed appropriate validation testing. These devices are predominantly available in the online global marketplace, in which there are more than 3,500 different BP device models and where approximately 75% to 80% do not have evidence of being appropriately validated. These non-validated devices are also significantly cheaper and over-represented in terms of sales volume (based on top 100 sales lists internationally). Health practitioners and the public are generally unaware of these issues, and thus widespread education and resources are needed to address. In collaboration with international organisations, the Lancet Commission on Hypertension Group and the World Hypertension League has created resources on how to check that a BP device has been properly tested for accuracy. These resources direct users to registries of validated BP device listings in different world regions with the goal of increasing the clinical use of BP devices that have been appropriately validated for accuracy.

RESEARCH OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the work is to analyze economic processes at the enterprise level and in-depth study of their economic processes, which is important not only in the process of establishing market relations, but especially during the economic crisis in the country. Methodology. There is an urgent need to make managerial decisions aimed at improving the economic sustainability of the enterprise, which can only be achieved through professional economic analysis of the enterprise, which is carried out using a number of economic and financial indicators calculated on the basis of financial statements and additional accounting indicators at the enterprise. The most difficult task of the food industry is to provide high-quality products and achieve their competitiveness. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the food industry ranks second in terms of sales. The food industry ranks second in terms of sales volume. In 2016, the volume of sold products of the food industry amounted to 381.4 billion UAH (21.6% of the total volume in the industry), of which 91.4 billion UAH (19.6% of the volume of industrial products sold outside the country). The food industry of Ukraine has great potential and is competitive. In the context of the strategy development, measures to stimulate the economic activity of food industry enterprises are also proposed. Practical implications. Manufacturers are expanding the geography of external supplies and are looking for access to foreign markets, and the export potential makes it attractive to investors. Under such conditions, the Ukrainian food industry should change its priorities and modernize production. There is a clear lack of funding for the industry, which could be provided by both foreign and domestic investors. Capital investments should go to the food industry, which produces competitive products. And the reduction of investments in the food industry in the long run will increase the technological lag of Ukraine from the developed countries of the world. Value/originality. During the year, work was carried out to attract food and processing enterprises of all forms of ownership to participate in seminars on the development, implementation and certification of management systems, namely: quality, food safety, environmental management, occupational safety.

Evaluation of summary of product characteristics and patient information leaflet of the best-selling drugs in Turkey in terms of readability

Background and Aims: Readability can be defined as the easiness or difficulty of texts to be understood by readers. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the patient information leaflet and the summary of product characteristics in terms of readability in Turkish. Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional study. For our study, the best-selling drugs included in the "Turkish Pharmaceutical Market Monitoring Report-8, 2020 Market Status in Terms of Sales Volume and Value" prepared by the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency in 2021, were evaluated by using Turkish readability formulas (Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz). Results: 138 patient information leaflet and summary of product characteristics of a total of 69 products were evaluated. It has been determined that an average of at least undergraduate education is required for the readability of the texts. The patient information leaflets are significantly shorter than the summary of product characteristics (p=0.000). However, in terms of readability, it was easier in Ateşman calculation and more difficult in Bezirci-Yılmaz calculation (p=0.007 and p=0.000, respectively). Conclusion: It has been seen that patient information leaflets are not easy to read texts prepared for patients. While preparing the texts to be read by the patients, the texts should be easily understandable and should be read and understood by people of all education levels.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORCHARD FARM WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON LOGISTIC ELEMENTS

The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of improving internal transport and storage of pome fruit (including apples) in an orchard farm located in Wilkonice. The research material was collected on the basis of an interview questionnaire with the owner of an orchard farm in May 2022. Secondary data came from the Central Statistical Office and a literature review. Fruit growing is one of the important areas in the Polish agricultural sector. In terms of sales volume, Poland is a leading producer of apples, both in Europe and in the world. In 2014, as a result of the embargo imposed by Russia, Poland lost the possibility of exporting fresh vegetables and fruits to it. Among other things, this situation caused problems with their sale and distribution. Therefore, in order to increase the profitability of Polish fruit farms, it was necessary to reduce the outlays incurred for fruit production and to find new distribution channels, ensuring constant access to markets. Based on the conducted interview questionnaire, it should be concluded that modern techniques used in internal transport logistics allow minimizing the number of trips from the orchard to the place of storage of pome fruit. Thus, they contribute to reducing the cost of producing 1 kg of these fruits and minimize the time spent on this process. In addition, new refrigeration technologies are the most effective way to extend the shelf life of pome fruit, which may result in the long-term sale of crops at higher prices and the acquisition of permanent contractors, guaranteeing continuous receipt of goods.

Joint Ventures for SMEs Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth: A Comparative Analysis of SMEs in Mbeya, Tanzania

The inclusive growth of SMEs has recently gained much recognition from scholars and policymakers. However, the pertinent question is, what is the best approach toward SME growth? This article examines the effects of Joint Venture (JV) undertaking on SMEs’ competitiveness and inclusive growth in Tanzania’s business setting. 192 (87 JV firms and 105 sole proprietors) were sampled from Mbeya City, Tanzania using a stratified systematic sampling technique for analysis. Data was collected using the survey method. The effects of JV on the SMEs’ competitiveness and growth were established by the pattern of percentages and the level of significance (p-values) using the independent t-test. It was found that SMEs operating as JV were more competitive, with a higher ability to meet financial, cost, quality, innovation, time and market requirements compared to sole proprietors. Nevertheless, JV firms revealed higher significant growth indicators in terms of sales volume, profit margin, market share, number of employees, working assets, production volume and business diversification than sole proprietors. Limited financial resources, inadequate production facilities, limited experience, unfavourable trade laws and socio-cultural factors constrain SMEs from JV undertaking. To policymakers and scholars, this article highlights the role and the determinants of JV undertakings as an important approach toward improved SMEs’ competitiveness and inclusive growth. Keywords: Joint ventures, SMEs’ competitiveness, inclusive growth, Mbeya-Tanzania

Economic models of price competition between traditional and online retailing under showrooming

Showrooming is a phenomenon when a customer views a product at a physical store, but buys it online from the same store’s website or from a competitor’s website. In this paper, we develop economic models of price competition between a traditional retailer and an online retailer under customer showrooming behaviour. Our results indicate that showrooming hurts the traditional retailer and benefits the online retailer in terms of sales volumes and profits. The combined offline and online market expands under showrooming. We consider two strategies—effort/investment made and online entry by the traditional retailer—to counter showrooming. Either strategy makes the traditional retailer better off, and the online retailer worse off, in terms of sales volumes and profits; also, the overall market, including offline and online sales, contracts. Moreover, when the traditional retailer makes an online entry, although its offline sales decrease, its total offline and online sales increase; also, although the overall market contracts, total online sales and the online price increase. We consider two scenarios of simultaneous and sequential moves made by the retailers to set their prices. We observe that both the retailers benefit under sequential moves than in the simultaneous move; however, the overall market demand is lower in sequential moves than in the simultaneous move. We have also conducted sensitivity analyses to check for robustness of the results. We conclude the paper by highlighting the managerial implications of this research and providing possible directions for future research.

ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA BISNIS PERHOTELAN DI KOTA BATAM

The development of the hospitality business in Batam is increasingly making competition and competition between hotels tighter. Competition and competition make the management of hotels must have good marketing strategy skills so that they can increase the sales volume and room occupancy rate of their hospitality business. The reason of this observe is to discover how information technology can improve the ability of marketing strategies in terms of sales volume and room occupancy rates in the hospitality business. The sampling method of this research was performed through the usage of purposive sampling with the wide variety of respondents as many as 50 people who were taken intentionally. The conclusion tool used is SWOT analysis to take benefit of possibilities and maximize strengths, lessen weaknesses and additionally avoid threats. The Strengths-Opportunities (SO) strategy is implemented using brand positioning through the development of hotel websites, maximizing cooperation with travel agents by providing easy booking using online technology applications. In the ST strategy, it is applied by conducting a comparative analysis of room quality and room prices with star-class hotels through information technology, using promotional media supported by technological advances. In the WO strategy by minimizing weaknesses by analyzing cost components, renovating rooms with the help of using information technology. Then the WT strategy that is carried out is to improve the quality of service by using mobile check-in).

Online reviews generated through product testing: can more favorable reviews be enticed with free products?

Online reviews have profound impacts on firm success in terms of sales volume and how much customers are willing to pay, yet firms remain highly dependent on customers’ voluntary contributions. A popular way to increase the number of online reviews is to use product testing programs, which offer participants free products in exchange for writing reviews. Firms that employ this practice generally hope to increase review quality and secure higher product rating scores. However, a qualitative study, experimental study, and multilevel analysis of a field study dataset of more than 200,000 online reviews by product testers combine to reveal that product testing programs do not necessarily generate higher quality reviews, nor better product ratings. Only in certain circumstances (e.g., higher priced products) does offering a product testing program generate these benefits for the firm. Therefore, companies should consider carefully if and when they want to offer product testing programs.

Factors affecting the marketing of livestock in South Omo Zone: The case of Hammer woreda

Pastoralism is important to the society for poverty alleviation, food security and economic growth. It is the backbone of many African countries’ economy, particularly Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting the marketing of livestock in terms of sales volume in South Omo Zone: the case of Hammer woreda. From 35 potential pastoralist kebeles in the woreda, 3 kebeles were selected purposively. The multi-stage sampling technique and the proportional stratified sampling technique were used to select sample pastoralists from each stratum. A total of 388 pastoralists were selected by using the systematic sampling technique. The study identified that price, infrastructure, middlemen and promotional factors significantly affect livestock marketing. The findings of this study recommend that the government should formulate and implement appropriate market and pricing policies, disseminate market information in proper media and improve road networks to enhance the effectiveness of livestock marketing in the woreda. Keywords: Infrastructure, livestock, marketing, price, promotion.

Flexible-lean processes optimization: A case study in stone sector

During the downturn in demand in Engineering and Construction Architecture (AEC) activities registered in 2007, the Cluster of Mineral Resources of Portugal (CPMR) put into practice an initiative to boost the Ornamental Stone sector, based on incorporating lean thinking concepts, combined with techniques and technologies to make production processes more flexible. This was called the leanstone hornbook (LH). Since then, the LH has been adopted by several Portuguese Ornamental Stone (OS) companies. For these companies, using the LH means changing their operations to a new model based on (i) their participation in R&D consortium projects, (ii) incorporating the resulting innovations, and (iii) combining innovation with lean thinking. Based on a convenience sample of OS companies, the objective of this research was to assess the economic-financial impact of leanstone operations on Portuguese OS companies. Through a methodological framework based on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and Innovation Outcomes (IO), indexed to companies’ economic-financial performance, LH was found to generate a potentially positive impact in terms of sales volume, exports, investment capacity and net result.

Public Relations Management Performance Measurement: Designing Key Performance Indicator Case Study In Hospital X

ABSTRACT In attempt of hospital development, hospital X focus on current performance measurement only on marketing performance in terms of sales volume and sales revenue for maximizing profits. Performance evaluation of public relations activities at hospital X so far have not had the performance measurement. As the result; the contribution of public relations, in order to support the activities of the organization, are not measurable. This study aims to measure the performance of PR management by designing key performance indicators by conducting a process of identifying stakeholder necessity exists in hospital X. The identification of stakeholder necessity exist in hospital X will then become the basis of designing PR’s KPI. The stakeholder in this study are director, head of marketing, staff as internal stakeholder and customer, supplier and regulator as external stakeholder. The results of this study is the assessment of PR performance which include work result assesment formulated six responsibilities namely, customer satisfaction, customer complaints, fostering community, events, social media content and website traffic. While the work behavior assesment with the indicators of competence namely communicative, flexibility, discipline, teamwork, customer service. Keywords: Public relations, stakeholder management, performance assessment, key performance indicator DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v7i02.1833

The Effect of Marketing Strategies on the Performance of Travel Insurance

: Travel Insurance is a trade of complexity involving variety of independent components such as hotels, transports, tour operators, travel agents, various governments and private bodies. Hence, the demand for travel insurance is influenced by various factors: economy, institution, society and demographic. The objective of this research is to discern the effect of marketing strategies upon travel insurance services in Malaysia. Organizations own a marketing department that is responsible for the progress of sales volume, development of new products and adequacy of customer satisfaction and maintenance of market share. This department establish marketing strategies to attain the objectives of organization. Thus, the study is attempting to identify the effect of marketing strategies on the efficacy of travel insurance companies. Marketing strategies are referred to the 4Ps: product, place, promotion and price. The study is commenced at Ace Jemeh Insurance Bhd, Tune insurance company, Etiqa Insurance and Takaful Insurance in Shah Alam involving majority of the staff body. The results presented a significant relation between marketing strategical factors (product and sales promotion) and achievement in terms of sales volume, cost management, innovation and creativity and customer satisfaction of travel insurance company

Growing Markets through Business Training for Female Entrepreneurs: A Market-Level Randomized Experiment in Kenya

A common concern with efforts to directly help some small businesses to grow is that their growth comes at the expense of their unassisted competitors. We test this possibility using a two-stage randomized experiment in Kenya that randomizes business training at the market level and then within markets to selected businesses. Three years after training, the treated businesses are selling more, earn higher profits, and their owners have higher well-being. Point estimates of the spillovers on the competing businesses are small and not statistically significant, and the markets as a whole have grown in terms of sales volume. (JEL J16, L25, L26, L53, O14)

International Development of German Enterprises on the example of the Wielkopolska Region

Objective : The aim of the research is to understand how German enterprises are developingtheir activities and sales in the Wielkopolska region in Poland, in particular to investigate how they perform in terms of sales volume, what the drivers of their growth on the foreign market are, what constitutes the Wielkopolska region, and what the barriers to their growth are. Research Design & Methods : The qualitative research method, in particular the multiple case study approach. The research covers 12 firms and was conducted using the direct interview method. Findings: We found that German firms functioning in Wielkopolska have extraordinary growth rates, over 20% per year, substantially higher than those achieved in Germany, that they did not follow the classical Uppsala model of internationalisation, and that their main sources of growth are their high quality, employees, and innovativeness in combination with the fast growing market of a less developed economy. Implications & Recommendations: The study suggests that in order to reduce or eradicate the barriers to growth of German firms in Wielkopolska, the appropriate authorities should care more about the higher stability and good enforcement of the law and political stability in Poland’s eastern neighbour – Ukraine. Contribution & Value Added: The research contributes to the development of knowledge on the functioning of German firms’ growths rates in Wielkopolska and factors enhancing and impeding their growth on the practical and theoretical level.

Antiviral Medication Use and Cost of Hepatitis Infected Diseases among 105 Hospitals in China from 2009 to 2013

Background: Chronic hepatitis is a major health problem that can lead to decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and, eventually death, all of which are associated with significant healthcare costs. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the use of antivirals among hospitals in Shanghai, China, between 2009 and 2013. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the main types and manufacturers, dosages, defined daily dosages (DDDs), sales volumes, and proportions of total sales of antivirals among 105 sample hospitals in Shanghai, China, from 2009 to 2013. Results: During 2009 to 2013, antivirals experienced rapid growth rates in sales compared to the growth rates of sales of all drugs combined (2009: 34.92% vs. 21.31%; 2010: 12.35% vs. 10.63%; 2011: 22.51% vs. 9.47%; 2012: 18.8% vs 10.98%; 2013: 11.15% vs. 8.57%). Although the proportion of all drugs that were antivirals was small, the proportion increased each year, from 1% of all purchases in 2009 to 1.10% in 2010, 1.23% in 2011, 1.57% in 2012, and 1.89% in 2013. Conclusion: Sales of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleoside drugs, such as lamivudine, entecavir, adefovir dipivoxil, and telbivudine, showed rapid upward trends. These drugs occupied the top rankings in terms of sales volume and dosage among the 105 sample hospitals. The antiherpes drugs valaciclovir and ganciclovir also showed upward trends, whereas stavudine, acyclovir, and penciclovir showed downward trends. The use of antiviral medications, especially those for HBV, in Shanghai, China, has shown consistently strong growth in terms of sales and dosage.

The Efects of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives and Price Premiums on Polish Consumers' Responses: An Experimental Study

Abstract This article explores whether, how and which forms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives influence consumer perceptions of the value of and intention to buy responsibly manufactured yogurt, and identifies the impact of the price rise effect on consumer responses. An experimental study was conducted using scenarios with a sample of 421 university students. The results indicate that information about positive corporate behavior evokes higher perceived value and buying intention than information about negative corporate behavior; that responses differ significantly depending on whether or not the CSR initiative relates to the firm's core business; and that there is a level of consumer sensitivity to the price premium for a responsibly made yogurt. This study expands existing knowledge beyond previous areas of focus by demonstrating that a CSR initiative related to a firm's core business generates higher perceived value and buying intention than a non-related initiative, and by showing that there exists a trade-of between functional and social attributes. The findings of this study may be of interest to companies by showing the level of premium price acceptance and by demonstrating that CSR initiatives detached from basic business activity may bring negative consequences in terms of sales volume.

Industrial Design of Motorcycle with Reference to Indian Population

India is the second largest 2W market in the world in terms of sales volumes after China. Motorcycles types that are marketed using sports tag are found to be anchored on performance attributes characterized by visual appeal, higher speeds, heady acceleration and superior ride, handling and braking. The chronograph of the sports segment in the Indian market is plotted. A goal defined design process is developed to produce creative ideas for aesthetic attributes-modern, youthful, aerodynamic, and aggressive. The optimal solution satisfying the aesthetic goal is determined using an operation decision making model based upon weighted generalized mean method. A motorcycle is generally straddled by the rider with manual transmission and can be considered as a constrained workstation. Some ergonomic considerations to fit users of different sizes on the same workstation should be taken into account when designing. A two-dimensional anthropometric data collection approach is followed for riders in India. The obtained anthropometric data concerning riding postures are used for posture analysis using digital human model in CAD software. The mutual trade-off between sporty riding style of the rider and comfort angles have been arrived to set up the final posture of the rider. The detailing of the appearance considering the aesthetic attributes and ergonomics are done. The developed design is aimed at improving appearance and ergonomic performance.

An Expanding Market: Asian Mothers-to-be

Abstract Nowadays many fashion marketers search for specific niches in emerging countries in the hope of identifying needs to fulfil. For any potential niche, they scrutinize demographic and psychographic variables to determine preferences in style and elements of the buying decision process. This study classifies Asian mothers-to-be as a specific target market. It highlights criteria considered important throughout the purchasing process for maternity-wear. Because body size/shape changes rapidly during pregnancy, it identifies the needs for particular garments during precise periods of pregnancy. Additionally the uniqueness of the Asian culture influences maternity-wear preferences. This paper provides insights on: when and what type of maternity-wear is wanted/needed; what type of marketing channels purchasers rely on; where they purchase new garments or obtain previously owned garments; and which variables are important to the purchasing decision: price, brand, quality, etc. We confirm Asian mothers-t...