Terms Of Plant Height Research Articles

Evaluation of introduced blackcurrant varieties for production and breeding

Thus far, the world’s blackcurrant range comprises about 1,200 varieties and is constantly being improved. The most successful breeding programs for black currant have been implemented in Poland, England, Belarus, Ukraine, Sweden, Lithuania, Finland, Romania, China and Russia. However, the climatic conditions of several regions of the Russian Federation make it difficult to fully realize the biological potential of foreign varieties and they often do not correspond to the characteristics declared by the breeder. The study is aimed at making comprehensive assessment of the introducers to establish their selection potential and the possibility of industrial cultivation. The study was conducted in 2018-2021 in the black currant collection site of the Kokino station of Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Bryansk region). 20 varieties of black currant of foreign breeding from different ecological and geographical groups were explored. A new local variety Kudesnik with average maturation time was taken for comparison. It was included in the State Register for Selection Achievements in 2022. An assessment of introduced black currant varieties by morphological character of plants revealed the features of their growth in the south-western conditions of the central Non-Black Earth region. Varieties that do not meet the requirements of modern intensive mechanized technologies have been established. In terms of plant height, the varieties Mriya, Nympha, Kupalinka, Cheryshneva, Amethyst, Sofiyivska and Triton do not meet the parameters appropriate for mechanical harvesting. It will be difficult to use berry harvesting equipment with the varieties Sofievskaya, Amethyst and Klussonovskaya due to the wide base of their bushes (>0.3 m). The varieties Sofievskaya and Klussonovskaya, with the highest yield (10 t/ha) do not meet the requirements of modern production in terms of bush mien and berries tearaway force. The best introducers (Sofievskaya, Klussonovskaya, Nympha, Mriya, Cheryshneva, Triton, Belorusochka, Kupalinka) with a yield of 8.3-10.0 tonnes/ha can be recommended for home gardening. A number of foreign varieties as genetic sources in breeding for berry strength (Cheryshneva, Ben Hope, Black Magic, Tiben); fruit size (Nympha); number of fruits in the claster (Triton, Cheryshneva); taste qualities (Mriya); high content of soluble solids (Ben Tirran, Sofievskaya, Mriya) and other characteristics of interest have been identified.

Effect of Chemical and Mechanical Weed Management on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production and Relative Composition of Weed under Varanasi Region, Uttar Pradesh

A two-year field experiment was conducted on potato crop to evaluate the bio-efficacy of herbicides, suitable doses and their feasibility with mechanical weed control method in terms of plant height, number of tubers and relative composition of weeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the vegetable research farm Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the winter season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Randomly selected five plants were used as a sample for recording plant height and average number of tubers per plant in each plot. Plant height was measured at 30, 45, 60 DAS and at harvest then averaged and expressed in centimetres. However, the average number of tubers per plant was obtained by counting the tubers from the selected plant at harvest. For calculation of relative composition of weeds, by counting the number of weed species at 1.0 m2 randomly at one place in each plot at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS then expressed in per cent. Amongst the herbicidal weed management treatments, Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 2.0 L/ha had a significantly taller plants at 45 and 60 DAS and also produces the highest average number of tubers per plant. With respect to the relative composition of weeds, sedges (Cyperus rotundus L.) contributed the most to total weeds, followed by grasses (Cynodon dactylon L.) and broad-leaves weeds (Chenopodium album L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Anagalis arvensis L., Oxalis spp., Spergula arvensis L.) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS during both years. It is concluded that the application of Paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 2.0 L/ha control weeds more efficiently thereby it helps in vigorous plant growth thus ultimately increases the number of tubers per plant.

Fertilizantes de liberação controlada, orgânico ou organomineral para produção de palmeira areca

Abstract The areca palm is an ornamental plant widely used in Brazil for decoration and landscaping. The proper use of fertilizers and balanced fertilization are among the main factors that promote the rapid development of these plants and affect their technical and economic aspects. Because of the need to elucidate areca palm nutrition, this study aimed to evaluate the use of mineral (conventional or controlled release), organic, or organomineral fertilizers in the production of areca palm in pots. The experiment was conducted for a year under a 70% shading screen using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of different fertilizers: control: no fertilizer; mineral: 10-10-10; controlled release mineral: 14-14-14, mineral with 50% N and K release controls: 16-06-18, mineral: 13-05-13, organomineral: 16-06-09, and organic. The experiment consisted of measuring the vertical height of the plant and determining the Falker Chlorophyll Index (FCI) a and b. All fertilizers used in the experiment provided gains in growth and green color (Chlorophyll Index) in the areca palm grown in pots relative to the absence of fertilization. The three-month controlled-release fertilizer treatment produced the best results, positively impacting the areca palm production, both in terms of plant height and color, which are attributes that increase the product’s commercial value.

Effects of nitrogen and potassium levels on growth and quality of pot-planted vicks cultivars (Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosu (Benth. ex E. Mey.) Codd) in Ho Chi Minh City

The study was conducted to determine the suitable dosages of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer for growth, quality and economic efficiency of Plectranthus hadiensis pot–planted. The experiment was carried out from April to June 2021 in the experiment field of faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City. A two-factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. The treatments consisted of 3 doses of nitrogen fertilizer (0.50; 1.00 (control) and 2.00 g N/pot) and 4 doses of potassium fertilizer (0.25; 0.50; 1.00 (control) and 2.00 g K2O/pot) in combinations. The results indicated that plants supplied with 0.50 g N/pot and 1.00 g K2O/pot gave the best results in terms of plant height (16.70 cm), stem diameter (5.45 mm), number of primary branches (10.09 branches/ plant), canopy diameter (20.37 cm), number of leaves (201.04 leaves/plant), leaf length and width (35.06 and 24.13 mm), duration on vase life (40.00 days), commercial pot ratio (94.67%). The revenue was 29,933 thousand VND per 1000 pots with the highest profit margin of 1.33 times at 60 days after planting.

Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.)

Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. Taub) popularly known as "Guar" is an important legume crop mainly grown under rainſed conditions in arid and semi-regions of Rajasthan during kharif season. The main objective is to optimize the concentration of NPK, FYM, Vermicompost, PSB, Rhizobium, which can be applied in the treatment of the soil, to maximize the crop yield and find out the most treatment combination of plant growth, yield and quality. This study was conducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) from July 2021- October 2021 to investigate the impact of organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.). The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine Treatmentsconducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) During from July 2021- October 2021. The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine treatments with three replications. The results revealed that T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) – performed the best in terms of Plant Height (140.22), Number of Branches (21.39), Length of Pods (25.00), Width of Pods (3.70), Weight of Pods (4.10), Number of cluster per plant (21.60), Number of Pods per plant (89.17), Number of seeds per pod (11.80), Number of Pod yields per plant (196.87), Number of pod yield per plot (68.03), TSS (12) B:C Ratio (2.5:1). Therefore, the treatment T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) is the best when compared to other treatments. As, the highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1). i.e., (2.5:1) which states that is economically profitable compared to all other treatments.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators Giberellic acid (GA3) And Salicylic Acid (SA) on Growth and Yield of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Salicylic Acid (SA) on the growth and yield of carnation under naturally ventilated polyhouse”, was carried out during November, 2021 to April 2022 in, Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, it was concluded that the plant growth regulators treatments rendered their significant effect on almost all the growth, flowering and yield characters as well as quality of carnation. The treatment T3 i.e. application of GA3 @ 200 ppm was found superior in terms of Plant height (102.27cm), number of leaves (203.67), number of shoots (7.67), internodal length (7.73cm), number of internodes per shoot (17), bud length (10cm), bud diameter (2.87cm), flower diameter (6.80cm), flower length (5.67cm), flower stalk length (96.93cm), vase life (10.33), number of cut flower stalks per plant (7.00) and number of cut flower stalks per square meter (175). However, plants treated with SA @ 120ppm took minimum days for bud initiation (112.67 days) and the days taken to bud opening (24.67). Among the different treatments the highest Gross return (Rs/200m2) (7,00,000), Net return (441565), benefit cost ratio (2.70) was obtainedunder the use of GA3 @ 200 ppm (T3).

Effect of Panchagavya on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

An experiment was conducted to determine the “Effect of Panchagavya on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)” at Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh) during Kharif season 2021. Total 12 treatments and 3 Hybrids were replicated thrice in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD). Hybrids are TMTH-234, TMTH-2267 and TMTH-288. These hybrids were treated with different concentrations of Panchagavya (1%, 2%, 3%) and control (water spray) were sprayed at 15, 30, 45 days after transplanting. The application of Panchagavya significantly affects the vegetative as well as reproductive attributes of the crop. The results showed that hybrid TMTH-2267 with 3% spray of Panchagavya performed best in terms of plant height (78.14 cm), days to 50% flowering (71.10), days to first harvest (98.10), polar diameter (5.47 cm), radial diameter (6.90 cm), number of fruits per plant (24), fruit weight (280.08 g), fruit yield per plant (1.68 kg), yield per hectare (55.88 t) and TSS (5.83 0Brix).

Effect of Seed Sowing Time and Nutrients on the Growth and Yield of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

In order to investigate the influence of seed sowing time and nutrients on the growth and yield of fennel, an experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with twelve treatments and three replications at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during October, 2019 to July, 2020 season was carried out. Fennel variety ‘BARI Mouri-1’ was used as planting material in this study. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factors-A: Sowing time (4 levels): S1 = First week of November, S2 = Last week of November, S3 = First week of December and S4 = Last week of December; Factors-B: Nutrients (4 levels): T0 = Control, T1 = Vermicompost (2.50 t ha-1), T2 = NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha-1) and T3 = Vermicompost (2.50 t ha-1) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha-1). The result revealed that in case of seed sowing time S2 (Last week of November) and in case of different level of nutrients T3 [Vermicompost (2.50 t ha⁻¹) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha⁻¹)] treatment exhibited its superiority to other treatments in terms of plant height, number of leaves , number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of umbel per plant, number of umbellet per umbel, no. of days to first flowering, seed weight per umbel, weight of 1000-seeds and seed weight per ha. Significantly the highest seed yield (2.34t ha⁻¹) was found in S2T3 [(Last week of November with Vermicompost (2.50 t ha⁻¹) + NPK (N80P50K60 kg ha⁻¹)] interaction due to the tallest plant at harvest (117.59 cm), number of leaves (15.07), number of primary branches (7.62), number of secondary branches (20.18), minimum days to first flower (82.60), maximum number of umbellet umbel⁻¹ (27.72), number of umbel plant⁻¹ (26.75), maximum weight of 1000-seeds (6.38 g), maximum seed weight umbel⁻¹ (2.09 g).

Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis.)

The present experiment was carried out during 2021-22 with an aim to study the different treatments of organic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Cauliflower and to work out with economics, in Central Horticulture Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS,. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatment replicated three times. The treatments were T1 FYM 100% (100:40:100), T2 Vermicompost (75%) + Poultry manure (25%), T3 Vermicompost (75%) + Goat manure (25%), T4 Vermicompost (50%) + Poultry manure (50%), T5 Vermicompost (50%) + Goat manure (50%), T6 Vermicompost (25%) + Poultry manure (75%), T7 Vermicompost (25%) + Goat manure (75%), T8 {Vermicompost + Poultry manure} (75%) + Goat manure (25%), T9{Vermicompost + Poultry manure} (50%) + Goat manure (50%), T10{Vermicompost + Poultry manure} (25%) + Goat manure (75%). From the present investigation it was concluded that treatment T5 Vermicompost (50%) + Goat manure (50%) was found best in the terms of Plant height (cm), Leaf Length (cm), Number of leaves per plant, Head size (cm), Head weight (g), Net weight of head per plot, Yield per plot (kg), TSS, Acidity (%),B:C Ratio.

Germplasm Innovation and Establishment of Comprehensive Evaluation System for Hedgerow Garden Chrysanthemum

Garden chrysanthemums are a group of chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium) that are mostly used in garden landscape collocations. Because most garden chrysanthemum varieties have low plants and poor space effects, they have certain limitations in garden landscape applications. In this study, we selected seven garden chrysanthemum varieties with excellent characteristics for artificial hybridization and intercross parentage to obtain new varieties with good traits we need. The phenotypic characteristics of the F1 offspring in terms of plant height, crown width, crown height ratio, number of main branches, branching intensity, plant form, inflorescence diameter, number of flowers per plant, number of ray florets, flower color, and days from planting period to coloring period were analyzed and systematically evaluated. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation system was established using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and k-means clustering method. We built a comprehensive analysis model, calculated the weighting of each evaluation factor, and multiplied the weight value by the score of the evaluation index standard of each factor to obtain the comprehensive score of each plant. All F1 plants were divided into four grades: excellent grade accounting for 13%, good grade accounting for 28%, medium grade accounting for 36%, and poor grade accounting for 23%. Then, we analyzed the differences of some quantitative traits between Group E (hybrids in excellent grade) and Group O (hybrids in good, medium, and poor grades). There were significant differences in plant height, crown height ratio, and the number of main branches but no significant difference in crown width. Combining with comprehensive score showed that Group E performed well overall. Finally, we selected five hybrid offspring with the highest overall scores in Group E as excellent variety materials of garden chrysanthemum for hedgerow. They were CH22, YQ73, HY08, CQ80, and HY07, respectively. We also found that plant height, lodging resistance, crown height ratio, plant form, crown width, and the number of main branches could be the main indicators in the AHP, which can be effectively applied to the comprehensive evaluation and breeding of garden chrysanthemums for hedgerows.

​Cu-Chitosan Nanoparticle Induced Plant Growth and Disease Resistance Efficiency of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)

Background: Inefficient and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides causes environmental risks. Concurrent with the recent increase in agricultural productivity, agricultural systems are now also recognized to be a significant source of environmental damage. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic polymer with various applications. Methods: In the present investigation, the efficacy of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to plant growth promoting activity and antibacterial activity against bacterial pustule disease of soybean were evaluated. NPs treatments exhibited growth promoting effect in terms of plant height, root length, root weight, nodule number, weight of nodule and number of pods per plant in pot experiments. In field experiment, plant height, root length, root weight, nodule number, weight of nodule and number of pods per plant weight were enhanced in NPs treatments. Result: In control plants (water treated+inoculation) showed average disease severity 66.0%. All plants treated with 0.02 to 0.12% Cu-chitosan NPs showed significant antibacterial activity, express lower disease severity 50.0% to 33.3% and 55.3% to 34.0% in pot and in field condition respectively.

Effects of gamma irradiation on morphology and protein differential in M1V1 population of Vanilla planifolia Andrews

Purpose Lower doses (1–10 Krad) of gamma-rays (γ) are frequently used in obtaining useful mutants in diverse plant species, whereas no report on gamma (γ) irradiation being used to develop new varieties of vanilla from vanilla cuttings. This study assessed the potential of lower doses of gamma-rays for vanilla mutation breeding. Materials and methods We compared the morphological differences between vanilla plants irradiated at different lower doses of gamma radiation (10, 30, 40, and 50 Gy). We quantified protein and compared variation from the extracted protein of vanilla shoots regenerated between treatments. Results and conclusions After 44 weeks, the results showed that the growth of M1V1 (mutation 1 in vegetative cycle 1) plants at 0 Gy (control) is highest compared with other doses of gamma radiation in terms of plant height and the number of shoots. However, the highest measurement for root length is at 10 Gy. The slowest growth rate was obtained from 40 to 50 Gy. Based on the unique band of protein that appears on the SDS-PAGE gel, 10 Gy has three unique bands at loci 0.105 RF, two bands lie at loci between 0.164 RF and 0.234 RF. While 30 Gy is absent two unique bands at loci 0.234 RF compared to 0 Gy. Thus, the dose of gamma rays at 10 Gy gave the highest number of protein fragments, which detected polymorphisms between the control (0 Gy) and the plants treated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the protein variation in M1V1 of irradiated vanilla plants.

Morphological characterization and performance of different pineapple (Ananas comosus) varieties in northern parts of West Bengal

Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] is popular all over the world for its pleasant aroma, sweet-acidic taste and smooth pulp texture. It is the third most important fruit on the basis of global trade after banana and citrus. The present investigation was carried out in 2014–16 to assess the growth behaviour and performance of different pineapple varieties like Kew, Queen, Mauritius, Haricharanvita, Baruipur Local, MD-2, MTS, and Amritha in northern parts of West Bengal. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design (RBD) for successive two years. The indigenous Haricharanvita variety showed the maximum vigour in terms of plant height, leaf length and canopy spread. The maximum numbers of leaves were recorded in Kew followed by Queen. Maximum leaf area was also recorded in Kew and the maximum numbers of suckers were produced by Mauritius followed by Baruipur Local. Mauritius exhibited earliest (325.75 days) and maximum flowering (98.34%), required lowest time (109.45 days) for maturity compared to all varieties assessed. Indigenous Haricharanvita and Baruipur Local exhibited delayed and lesser flowering percentage with longest fruit maturity time. Highest yield (without crown) was recorded in Kew (89.70 t/ha), followed by Mauritius (57.54 t/ha), while it was lowest in Baruipur Local (31.00 t/ha). Among the physico-chemical parameters, Mauritius recorded highest pulp percentage (62.70%), TSS (18.10obrix), total sugar (12.87%), ascorbic acid (45.52 mg/100g) content, TSS: acid ratio (28.14) and lowest peel (17.82%) and crown (17.79%) content. Among the different varieties studied, Mauritius was found to be the best table purpose variety under northern part of West Bengal

Growth and Physiological Attributes of Rice by the Inoculation of Osmotolerant Rhizobacteria (<i>Enterobacter flavescens</i>) under Drought Condition

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has mechanism for morphological, physiological, and biochemical self-defense in response to drought conditions. The ability of osmotolerant rhizobacteria to develop association with plants suggests that it could be used as an inoculum to support plant growth under drought stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ to the inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria under drought conditions. The experiment had 3 treatment factors: 2 rice cultivars ('IR64' and 'Situ Bagendit'), 3 drought treatments (25%, 50% and 100% field capacity), and 2 types of rhizobacteria treatments (without inoculation and with inoculation using osmotolerant rhizobacteria (Enterobacter flavescens). Plant growth was measured in terms of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and panicles, and percentage of filled grain. Physiological and biochemical parameters, namely chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were measured. The inoculation of osmotolerant rhizobacteria enhanced ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ growth (plant height, number of leaves, tillers and panicles) and increased the percentage of grains in ‘IR64’ cultivar. Proline content, SOD, and APX activities were all increased by osmotolerant rhizobacteria inoculation, however, carotenoid content was decreased. Plant growth, physiological and biochemical responses of both cultivar to drought were enhanced by inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria.

Proportion of Sawdust as Carbon Sources in Rabbit Manure Compost for Increasing the Growth of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott

The right proportion of carbon in high N organic matter source in composting process will result good decomposition process. In this study, rabbit manure was composted with different portion of sawdust, and then the chemical properties were evaluated. The compost then applied to determine the growth response of dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) in terms of plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot dry matter, shoot and shoot ratio, and N content in shoot. The results showed that compost consisted of rabbit manure + sawdust with the ratio of 3:1 and 1:1 had good chemical properties (pH around 7.56 - 7.94, C/N ratio 17 – 19, C- organic 19 – 24%, Nitrogen 0.84 – 1.31%, Phosphor 0.43 – 0.82%, and Potassium 0.27– 0.37%) as well as sole rabbit manure compost. Applying compost to Mott grass resulted a good growth response which reflected in plant height (78.29 - 83.46 cm/plant), leaves number (53.50 - 57.92 blades), shoot dry matter (39.69 – 54.56 g DM/plant), root dry matter (16.50 – 18.16 g DM/plant), shoot : root ratios (2.52 - 3.20), and shoot N content (37.14 - 48.55 g DM/plant). The study concluded that compost rabbit manure + sawdust with ratio of 3:1 resulted the same growth response with sole rabbit manure compost.

Alleviation of salinity triggered oxidative damage and photoinhibition in Vigna radiata by individual and combined treatments of selenium and jasmonic acid

Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) and methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) in alleviating the salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress triggered decline in growth and photosynthetic in Vigna radiata. Salinity stress significantly reduced the growth measured in terms of plant height and dry mass which was significantly alleviated by Se and /or Me-JA. Treatment of Se and Me-JA increased the synthesis of prototoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-prototoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), chlorophylls and carotenoids, increased photosynthesis and PSII activity. Besides, the supplementation of Se and Me-JA significantly declined the reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) levels causing increased membrane stability. Treatment of Se and MeJA up-regulated the antioxidant system by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the content of ascorbate and glutathione in both control and salt stress treated plants. The Se and Me-JA treatment significantly increased the synthesis of total phenols and flavonoids reflecting in increased total antioxidant activity. Accumulation of proline, sugars, glycine betaine and the activity of γ-glutamyl kinase was significantly improved in Se and Me-JA treatments affecting the tissue water content. Decline in nitrate reductase activity due to salinity stress was alleviated significantly due to Se and Me-JA treatment. Vigna radiata plants treated with Se and Me-JA accumulated less Na and more K and N compared to salt stressed plants.

Вегетационный период и основные морфометрические признаки коллекционного материала сои в условиях Приазовья

Abstract. The mission of this works is to screen the soybean germplasm by vegetation period and the basic morphometric traits in the agroecological conditions of Azov region, to identify perspective samples for inclusion in the breeding process. Methods. The objects of research were 42 soybean genotypes from the VIR N. I. Vavilov collection. In the progress of the work were followed the methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Field research was carried out in the Aksai district of the Rostov region in 2019–2021, differing by meteorological conditions. Scientific novelty. In the agroecological conditions of the Azov region were identified highly productive and short vegetation period soybean genotypes with wide amplitude of variation in the basic morphometric traits. Results. The vegetation period of the researched genotypes was within 85.0–127.3 days. The most early maturing varieties are Chera 1, Soer 5, Altom, Lantsetnaya, Avanta, Mageva, Sibiryachka and VNIIOZ 86. The range of variation by terms of plant height in the collection samples was 26.8–88.3 cm. The shortest-stem varieties were Chera 1, Soer 5, Zaryanitsa, Lantsetnaya, Altom, Samer 1, Soer 3 and Soer 7, the longest-stem were Selekta 201, Mechta, Yuzhanka, Svapa, Selekta 101, Del’ta, Nega 1, Kievskaya 98 and Viktoriya. First pod height was 10.7 cm. The highest value of this trait is characteristic for the varieties Mechta, Svapa, Selekta 201, Yuzhanka and Lira. The weight of straw from 1 plant was 12.7 g on average over three years of research, decreasing in the dry year of 2020 to 8.7 g. The minimum value of this trait in the Chera 1 variety (6.0 g), the maximum (22.6 g) in the Yuzhanka variety. The average harvesting index for the researched varieties was 46.3 %. The highest values of the harvesting index were noted in the varieties Belgorodskaya 7, Merlin, Pripyat', Soer 5, Soer 3, Samer 3. As a result of the study were selected samples with a complex of valuable traits: Soyka, Tundra, Belgorodskaya 7, Umka, Belgorodskaya 8, Merlin, Selekta 201, Kitrossa, Svapa and Del’ta.

Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Infecting Tomato by using Calcium Rich Compounds

Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) transferred Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) disease is a significant constraint on tomato productivity. One technique for managing the condition is to spray calcium compounds (calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate) onto tomatoes. According to the research findings, the incidence of TYLCV was lower in calcium compound sprayed plants than in control plants. The control group had the greatest TYLCV prevalence. Calcium carbonate-treated plants had the lowest TYLCV, followed by calcium nitrate-treated plants. Temperature and relative humidity were shown to be strongly linked with the population of whiteflies, the TYLCV vector in the tomato field. The expansion of TYLCV in tomatoes and the growth in whitefly populations were shown to have positive and substantial connections. In terms of plant height, fresh shoot weight, dried shoot weight, and root length, the three calcium compounds outperformed the others. Furthermore, the number of fruit/plants in the calcium carbonate spray was shown to be higher than in the control. With a few exceptions, calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate treatments were shown to be superior to calcium chloride treatments in terms of increasing growth and yield, contributing to character as well as yield.

What levels of soil Mn2+ can pulse and legume crops tolerate when grown in rotation with paddy rice?

Elevated concentrations of manganese (Mn2+) can persist after drainage in soil following wetland rice production, leading to toxicity in subsequent legume crops. To evaluate Mn2+ concentration causing adverse impacts on crop establishment and growth, a controlled environment experiment using hydroponics was designed. Germination and growth of field pea, faba bean and mung bean were evaluated over 21 d with an increase in Mn2+ (0 − 50 mg Mn2+L−1). Germination of all crops was impacted significantly with an increase in concentration of Mn2+. Leaf chlorophyll content as well as all plant growth parameters assessed (dry weight, height) were negatively impacted (p < 0.05) by increasing concentrations of Mn2+. Field peas and faba beans proved more sensitive to Mn2+ than did mung beans at concentrations of 5 − 10 mg L−1. Field pea and faba bean specifically exhibited reduced height (30 − 60% and 4 − 41%, respectively), root length (12 − 30% and 20 − 25%, respectively), and shoot weight (41 − 69% and 47 − 81%, respectively). Mung bean was less impacted in terms of plant height with 23% reduction at 25 mg Mn2+ L−1 and shoot dry weight reduced by 48% at 50 mg Mn2+ L−1. Total chlorophyll content of mung bean was severely affected (86% reduction at 50 mg Mn2+ L−1), with field pea least impacted. Our findings suggest that significant Mn2+ toxicity could potentially occur in terms of legume germination and overall growth if legume crops are sown into post-rice soils with ≥5 mg Mn2+L−1. Soil Mn2+ level must be considered when developing cropping strategies following flooded rice.

Edible Bell Under Shade: The Phenological Characterization of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum) Under Different Photoperiod

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth, inflorescence development, and yield response of the bell pepper to the different photoperiods (shading). The study was conducted from March 21 to May 15, 2021 at the DEBESMSCAT-Crop Science experimental area, Cabitan, Mandaon, and Masbate. The study used 15 experimental plots, and each plot contained 20 plants of bell pepper. The study used a total of 300 plants in 15 plots. The plant spacing was 40 cm between hills and 60 cm between rows. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were different photoperiods (shading). Treatment A used shading starting from 6:00 A.M. – 9:00 A.M., Treatment B used shading from 9:00 A.M – 12:00 P.M., Treatment C used shading from 12:00 P.M – 3:00 P.M., Treatment D used shading from 3:00 P.M. – 6:00 P.M., and Treatment E (control) used no shading. The study used 10 experimental plants, randomly selected for each plot in every treatment. The data gathering started 7 days after transplanting and was conducted every 5 days. The results of the study revealed that the different photoperiods (times of shading) have no significant effect on growth in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and length, and stem diameter. Moreover, on the inflorescence development of bell peppers in terms of number of flowers, length of stalks, and size of flowers (diameter). The results on fruiting in terms of number of fruits, sizes (length and diameter), and weight also revealed that the different photoperiods have no significant effect. However, the results of the study on the number of fruits per plant and per plot revealed significant differences among each treatment.