Terms Of Norms Research Articles

LEGAL VALIDITY OF LAND TENURE BY FOREIGNERS THROUGH MIXED MARRIAGES OBTAINED FROM INHERITANCE FROM THE UUPA PERSPECTIVE

This scientific paper aims to examine the legal validity of land tenure by foreigners through mixed marriages obtained from inheritance, with a focus on the perspective of the UUPA (Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria). It also investigates the legal consequences that arise from the cancellation of ownership rights to land obtained through inheritance by foreigners. The presence of mixed marriages in Indonesia has implications for joint property ownership in marriage. According to Article 35 of the Marriage Law, joint property refers to assets acquired during marriage that become shared property. However, Article 21, paragraph (3) of the Basic Agrarian Law (Law No. 5/1960) lacks clarity in terms of norms governing land tenure by foreigners derived from inheritance. This ambiguity arises from the absence of a defined time limit or clear provisions regarding land tenure by foreigners through inheritance. This research utilizes normative legal research methods, employing legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches. Foreign nationals can acquire land ownership if they enter into a mixed marriage with Indonesian citizens. In such cases, the land must remain under the ownership of the Indonesian citizen, with a joint property separation agreement established prior to the mixed marriage. The heirs of foreign nationals can still hold Hak milik land acquired through inheritance, but only for a period of one year. After this period, the land reverts to state ownership. Foreign nationals have the option to sell the land to an Indonesian citizen or apply for a Right of Use through the National Land Agency, in accordance with the applicable regulations.

Automatic stabilization of finite-element simulations using neural networks and hierarchical matrices

Petrov–Galerkin formulations with optimal test functions allow for the stabilization of finite element simulations. In particular, given a discrete trial space, the optimal test space induces a numerical scheme delivering the best approximation in terms of a problem-dependent energy norm. This ideal approach has two shortcomings: first, we need to explicitly know the set of optimal test functions; and second, the optimal test functions may have large supports inducing expensive dense linear systems. A concise proposal on how to overcome these shortcomings has been raised during the last decade by the Discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) methodology. However, DPG has also some limitations and difficulties: the method requires ultraweak variational formulations, obtained through a hybridization process, which is not trivial to implement at the discrete level.Our motivation is to offer a simpler alternative for the case of parametric PDEs, which can be used with any variational formulation. Indeed, parametric families of PDEs are an example where it is worth investing some (offline) computational effort to obtain stabilized linear systems that can be solved efficiently in an online stage, for a given range of parameters. Therefore, as a remedy for the first shortcoming, we explicitly compute (offline) a function mapping any PDE parameter, to the matrix of coefficients of optimal test functions (in some basis expansion) associated with that PDE parameter. Next, as a remedy for the second shortcoming, we use the low-rank approximation to hierarchically compress the (non-square) matrix of coefficients of optimal test functions. In order to accelerate this process, we train a neural network to learn a critical bottleneck of the compression algorithm (for a given set of PDE parameters). When solving online the resulting (compressed) Petrov–Galerkin formulation, we employ a GMRES iterative solver with inexpensive matrix–vector multiplications thanks to the low-rank features of the compressed matrix. We perform experiments showing that the full online procedure is as fast as an (unstable) Galerkin approach. We illustrate our findings by means of 2D–3D Eriksson–Johnson problems, together with 2D Helmholtz equation.

The Art of Defense Diplomacy: How New Forms of Diplomacy are Shaping International Relations

<h1>Defense diplomacy has further developed into a new form of diplomacy in international relations, which is supported by various forms of technology and also the development of social media. This research study aims to explore how this new form of diplomacy shapes international relations more broadly, as well as to determine whether defense diplomacy effectively promotes cooperation and stability among states in the context of security and defense. Then find the challenges and opportunities of defense diplomacy in the modern era. The research used mixed methods research by analyzing 244 scientific articles based on the Scopus database, Google Sholar, and Web of Science. In addition, this research also analyzed the data obtained from the VOSviewer tool. This study reveals that defense diplomacy has emerged in various forms of diplomacy, also defense diplomacy affects interactions of international relations and influences the construction of norms, identities, and interests in the international system. In terms of norms, defense diplomacy can help promote international norms related to security and defense, such as human rights and international law. In terms of identity, defense diplomacy can shape national identity in terms of defense and security. In terms of interests, defense diplomacy can influence national interests and security through cooperation in defense and reaching regional and international security agreements. Defense diplomacy brings changes in the form of building cooperation, reducing tensions, improving defense capabilities, and promoting human rights principles and international law. Through defense diplomacy, countries can strengthen international cooperation in security and defense and build strong relationships between countries. In the long run, this can help reduce tensions between countries and promote stability around the world.</h1>

Cultural Arbitrariness of School and Childrenstudents’ Identity Behaviours

Introduction: The school as a culture’s institution provides ready-made models of identity in direct and subliminal cultural messages, confronting the child-student on a daily basis with the necessity to (successfully) cope with the (mis)comprehension of meanings produced by the school culture. Research Aim : In article I make an attempt to (re)cognize how narrations conducted and/or imposed by the emerging school culture determine the (un)conscious acquisition by children of meanings that describe their school reality and build their identity as learners. I have embedded the study in the theoretical framework of the reconstructed psychocultural concept of school culture of J. S. Bruner and the theory of cultural reproduction of P. Bourdieu. Method: The research material that I analyse and interpret in this paper using the hermeneutic-phenomenological method of coding are narrative interviews conducted with ten-year-old children at risk who have become fourth grade students. Results: The results of the research relate to the perception of school by children who have crossed the 2nd educational threshold in terms of school rules and norms. The research focuses on the process of implementing the child into the role of a student, indicating the oppressive nature of the school's culture. Conclusion: In the discussion of the results, I seek to draw attention the hidden beliefs about students, who become a material, an object or a product of the school (culture)'s operation and contrast them with Korczak's idea of openness and sensitivity to the child's potential.

‘I spend lots of time on my appearance’: unpacking Chinese academic women’s gendered subjectivities through the lens of bodily performance

ABSTRACT Through the use of photovoice interviews as a research method and drawing on Butler's performativity theory, this article investigates the performative constitution of the subjectivities of three academic women in Chinese non-elite universities by unpacking the multiple meanings of their aesthetic experiences. The study reveals that these women emphasized their bodily performance in the workplace, paying particular attention to their physical appearance, including dressing and using make-up, to explicitly perform their femininity. In this study, academic women’s gendered subjectivities are produced by repetitive performative feminine bodies under the control of wider regulatory forces in terms of gender norms and institutional discourses. Our findings suggest that gender norms of beauty in the Chinese context have a profound impact on the three Chinese academic women’s choice of dress and appearance management. We conclude that (i) femininity matters during the process of academic women’s gendered subjectivity construction in the Chinese academic context; and ii) multiple and sometimes contradictory wider regulatory forces within and beyond the academia shape Chinese academic women’s bodily performance and, therefore, produce academic women’s gendered subjectivities.

Effects of cross-cultural language differences on social cognition during human-agent interaction in cooperative game environments

A major challenge in human-robot interaction (HRI) is creating the “social fluidity” necessary for humans to perceive the interaction as life-like. During verbal interactions, for instance, the speech content itself is not the only thing that matters. Rather, things like timing, cadence, and manner of speaking are necessary to speak “like a native”, yet those attributes vary significantly by language and cultural setting. To that end, we developed a bilingual virtual avatar (Korean and English speaking) capable of autonomous speech during cooperative gameplay with a human participant in a social survival video game. We then ran a series of experiments with 60 participants (30 English speakers and 30 Korean speakers) interacting with the avatar during 30-minute game sessions. The experiments included several conditions, in which we modified the avatar's speech behavior in different ways while collecting multiple types of data (audiovisua recordings, speech data, gameplay data, human perceptions). Results showed significant differences between English and Korean speakers during the experiment. Korean speakers spoke less on average and had more negative speech sentiment, while the English speakers spoke more frequently and had more positive speech sentiment. The avatar was also more likely to interrupt the human's speech in English than Korean, despite having the same design. Furthermore, Korean speakers perceived more social presence when the avatar engaged in more repetitive speech behavior, while English speakers perceived more when the avatar was more “chatty”. We suggest that these results likely relate to cultural differences between East Asian cultures and Western cultures in terms of the social norms that govern appropriate social interaction behavior, and discuss the implications for future work on interactive speech agents.

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

Politics versus Women of the East: A Study of Sabyn Javeri's Nobody Killed Her

This Women have always been subjected to discrimination and patriarchal subordination. The study is carried out on "Nobody killed her'' (2017), written by Pakistani author Sabyn Javeri Jillani. This study investigates the major constraints faced by Eastern women within political systems and the conspiracy theories they are being subjected to. The study is analyzed qualitatively from a political perspective. Paul Ricoeur's theory of "Feminist Political Philosophy has been investigated for further research. The findings reveal if society is very stiff in terms of norms and culture, then even if the women might be trying their level best to come and yet are driven by the patriarchy. This leads to the belief that despite efforts, patriarchy tends to be a dominant hurdle which multiplies the patriarchal influence on women’s lives, according to the picture painted within the novel which leads to the loss of self-confidence and a psychological fear of dependence within women.

Moderation Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship Between Strategic Inputs of Competitive Intelligence and Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks, in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between strategic inputs of competitive intelligence and competitive advantage among commercial banks in Kenya.
 Methodology: A descriptive and explanatory research design was used in this study and primary data was collected at the head offices of each bank which are all found in Nairobi city. Primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis was done with the assistance of SPSS computer packages.
 Findings: Strategic inputs of competitive intelligence were found to explain 46.6 % of competitive advantage. When organizational culture was introduced this variation changed to 53.7%. Therefore, organizational culture was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between strategic inputs of competitive intelligence and competitive advantage among commercial banks in Kenya
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: While incorporating strategic inputs of competitive intelligence among commercial banks, attention should be paid on prevailing culture within the organization in terms of shared values, norms, assumptions and belief systems that encourage the collection, analysis, utilization and sharing of competitive intelligence to enable banks gain competitive advantage

Psychosocial resources predict frequent pain differently for men and women: A prospective cohort study.

Psychosocial resources, psychological and social factors like self-efficacy and social support have been suggested as important assets for individuals with chronic pain, but the importance of psychosocial resources for the development of pain is sparsely examined, especially sex and gender differences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial resources and sex on the development of frequent pain in a general population sample, and to deepen the knowledge about sex and gender patterns. A sample from the Swedish Health Assets Project, a longitudinal cohort study, included self-reported data from 2263 participants, 53% women, with no frequent pain at baseline. The outcome variable was frequent pain at 18-months follow-up. Psychosocial resources studied were general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional social support. Log binomial regressions in a generalised linear model were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs), comparing all combinations of men with high psychosocial resources, men with low psychosocial resources, women with high psychosocial resources and women with low psychosocial resources. Women with low psychosocial resources had higher risk of frequent pain at follow-up compared to men with high resources: general self-efficacy RR 1.82, instrumental social support RR 2.33 and emotional social support RR 1.94. Instrumental social support was the most important protective resource for women, emotional social support was the most important one for men. Results were discussed in terms of gender norms. The psychosocial resources general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional support predicted the risk of developing frequent pain differently among and between men and women in a general population sample. The results showed the importance of studying sex and gender differences in psychological and not least social predictors for pain.

The Future of Design + Journalism: A Manifesto for Bridging Digital Journalism and Design

In this introduction to the special issue Design + Journalism, we present a manifesto about the future of design and journalism. This manifesto discusses the key areas that need attention in order to develop a more robust bridge between design and journalism. The manifesto is structured by the following three notions: (1) Recognizing design contributions in the field; (2) Integrating design into digital journalism studies through cultural shift; and (3) Widening the scope of the journalism design industry-academia interface. First, we argue that design artifacts, requirements, methods, and implications ought to be recognized as scholarly contributions in digital journalism studies. Second, we need a profound cultural shift in digital journalism studies, which entails conceptualizing design as a cultural practice, understanding design as a continuous process of shaping, and updating pedagogical approaches. Third, we argue that transversal integration between academia and industry should be more heterogeneous in terms of geopolitics, cultural norms, and values. A varied set of industries should be engaged beyond North America and Western Europe. We argue that integrating these three aspects in digital journalism studies will strengthen the understanding of design as an integral part of journalism and digital journalism studies.

On the approximation of turbulent fluid flows by the Navier–Stokes-[formula omitted] equations on bounded domains

The Navier–Stokes-α equations belong to the family of LES (Large Eddy Simulation) models whose fundamental idea is to capture the influence of the small scales on the large ones without computing all the whole range present in the flow. The constant α is a regime flow parameter that has the dimension of the smallest scale being resolvable by the model. Hence, when α=0, one recovers the classical Navier–Stokes equations for a flow of viscous, incompressible, Newtonian fluids. Furthermore, the Navier–Stokes-α equations can also be interpreted as a regularization of the Navier–Stokes equations, where α stands for the regularization parameter.In this paper we first present the Navier–Stokes-α equations on bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions by means of the Leray regularization using the Helmholtz operator. Then we study the problem of relating the behavior of the Galerkin approximations for the Navier–Stokes-α equations to that of the solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations on bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions. The Galerkin method is undertaken by using the eigenfunctions associated with the Stokes operator. We will derive local- and global-in-time error estimates measured in terms of the regime parameter α and the eigenvalues. In particular, in order to obtain global-in-time error estimates, we will work with the concept of stability for solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations in terms of the L2 norm.

Study of nonlinear time-fractional hyperbolic-like equations with variable coefficients via semi-analytical technique: Differential 𝕁-transform method

This work proposes a semi-analytical new hybrid approach, so-called differential [Formula: see text]-transform method (D[Formula: see text]TM), to evaluate the behavior of n-space dimensional fractional-nonlinear hyperbolic-like wave equations, where time-fractional derivative is considered in Caputo format. The D[Formula: see text]TM is the hybrid method in which projected differential transform is implemented after imposing the recently introduced integral transform, i.e., so-called [Formula: see text] transform [W. Zhao and S. Maitama, J. Appl. Anal. Comput. 10, 1223 (2020)]. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed D[Formula: see text]TM had been tested by considering three different test examples of the Caputo time-fractional nonlinear hyperbolic-like wave equations in terms of absolute error norms, and the different order D[Formula: see text]TM solutions are compared with exact solution behaviors and the existing results, for the large time level [Formula: see text]. In addition, the convergence analysis of D[Formula: see text]TM is studied theoretically and verified it numerically as well as graphically, which confirms that the numerical experiments via D[Formula: see text]TM for distinct fractional orders support the theoretical findings excellently, and the presented D[Formula: see text]TM results converge to their exact solution behavior, very fast. The evaluated series approximations are expressed in the compact form of Mittag-Leffler functions.

Aktualisasi Etika Pemasaran di Era Industri 4.0 Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an

This research sets out from the fact that advances in information technology in the current era or what is known as the industrial era 4.0. has brought major changes to occur in human life in the field of marketing, especially product promotion. The changes referred to include the convenience of business actors in promoting and disseminating product information so that it reaches consumers. However, sometimes marketing activities by business actors are not in accordance with proper ethics, both in terms of legal norms and the Koran values. This study aims to formulate the actualization of marketing ethics in the context and condition of today's society from the perspective of the Koran. This study applies a qualitative approach and belongs to library research. Based on this research, it is obtained that marketing ethics in the industrial era 4.0. currently has a very important position so that businessmen do not arbitrarily use advances in information technology by carrying out various ways that are not in accordance with regulations and the values ​​of the Koran. In addition, the actualization of marketing ethics from the Koran perspective as a response to the industrial era 4.0 can be done by spreading content of promotion based on piety and honesty, displaying sharia-compliant and gharar-less content, incubating local products into marketing management, and orienting the business to the merit goals.

Efficient dual ADMMs for sparse compressive sensing MRI reconstruction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a kind of medical imaging technology used for diagnostic imaging of diseases, but its image quality may be suffered by the long acquisition time. The compressive sensing (CS) based strategy may decrease the reconstruction time greatly, but it needs efficient reconstruction algorithms to produce high-quality and reliable images. This paper focuses on the algorithmic improvement for the sparse reconstruction of CS-MRI, especially considering a non-smooth convex minimization problem which is composed of the sum of a total variation regularization term and a $$\ell _1$$ -norm term of the wavelet transformation. The partly motivation of targeting the dual problem is that the dual variables are involved in relatively low-dimensional subspace. Instead of solving the primal model as usual, we turn our attention to its associated dual model composed of three variable blocks and two separable non-smooth function blocks. However, the directly extended alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) must be avoided because it may be divergent, although it usually performs well numerically. In order to solve the problem, we employ a symmetric Gauss–Seidel (sGS) technique based ADMM. Compared with the directly extended ADMM, this method only needs one additional iteration, but its convergence can be guaranteed theoretically. Besides, we also propose a generalized variant of ADMM because this method has been illustrated to be efficient for solving semidefinite programming in the past few years. Finally, we do extensive experiments on MRI reconstruction using some simulated and real MRI images under different sampling patterns and ratios. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms significantly achieve high reconstruction accuracies with fast computational speed.

Social Media and Impact of Altruistic Motivation, Egoistic Motivation, Subjective Norms, and EWOM toward Green Consumption Behavior: An Empirical Investigation

Nowadays, green consumerism is a global trend in the era of the 21st century, prompting businesses to become more environmentally conscious and to build a robust green product range to meet the demands of new customers. This tendency has been aided by social media, which has influenced customers’ buying intentions to be more ecologically responsible. The current study investigates the effects of web-based media on motivation, i.e., egotism and altruism and, subsequently, its effect on the intention of green buying. This paper also attempts to assess the impact of subjective norms on the intention of green buying and, subsequently, its effect on green purchase behavior by incorporating the construct EWOM. Administering the structured questionnaire, 362 young Indian customers’ responses were collected. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach was applied to test the suggested conceptual model based on empirical research. The findings point to the significance of social media in terms of altruistic motivation, egoistic motivation, and subjective norms, s well as the job of these components as predecessors of green purchasing intention and, subsequently, purchase behavior. The findings also demonstrate the impact of EWOM in influencing buying decisions. The findings of this paper demonstrates that social media, as a well spring of information, contribute pivotal ingredients in the establishment of consumer motivation. These consumer motivations with subjective norms play an essential role in positive green purchase intention. Green buying intention and EWOM had a favorable influence on buying behavior, according to the findings. The findings are important for marketers who would like to improve their social media communication tactics in order to raise customer motivation and buying intention, as well as buying behavior, for green products.

Schatten Classes and Commutators of Riesz Transform on Heisenberg Group and Applications

We study commutators with the Riesz transforms on the Heisenberg group {mathbb {H}}^{n}. The Schatten norm of these commutators is characterized in terms of Besov norms of the symbol. This generalizes the classical Euclidean results of Peller, Janson–Wolff and Rochberg–Semmes. The method in proof bypasses the use of Fourier analysis, allowing us to address not just the Riesz transforms, but also the Cauchy–Szegő projection and second order Riesz transforms on {mathbb {H}}^{n} among other settings.

Science, Values, and the New Demarcation Problem.

In recent years, many philosophers of science have rejected the "value-free ideal" for science, arguing that non-epistemic values have a legitimate role to play in scientific inquiry. However, this philosophical position raises the question of how to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate influences of values in science. In this paper, we argue that those seeking to address this "new" demarcation problem can benefit by drawing lessons from the "old" demarcation problem, in which philosophers tried to find a way of distinguishing between science and non-science. Many of those who worked on this problem ultimately found that efforts to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for defining science failed, and most concluded that the best solution to the problem was to characterize scientific hypotheses, theories, and research programs in terms of some common norms. We suggest that those seeking to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate value influences on science would do well to adopt a similar approach. Rather than attempting to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for identifying appropriate value influences, it will be more fruitful to evaluate scientific activities based on their adherence to a set of epistemic and ethical norms that can be implemented in scientific practice by means of rules, conventions, policies, and procedures.

Strategies for single-shot discrimination of process matrices

The topic of causality has recently gained traction quantum information research. This work examines the problem of single-shot discrimination between process matrices which are an universal method defining a causal structure. We provide an exact expression for the optimal probability of correct distinction. In addition, we present an alternative way to achieve this expression by using the convex cone structure theory. We also express the discrimination task as semidefinite programming. Due to that, we have created the SDP calculating the distance between process matrices and we quantify it in terms of the trace norm. As a valuable by-product, the program finds an optimal realization of the discrimination task. We also find two classes of process matrices which can be distinguished perfectly. Our main result, however, is a consideration of the discrimination task for process matrices corresponding to quantum combs. We study which strategy, adaptive or non-signalling, should be used during the discrimination task. We proved that no matter which strategy you choose, the probability of distinguishing two process matrices being a quantum comb is the same.

SCIENCE AND THE ARTIFICIAL LIFE FORM (ALF)

According to these two assertions, one may ask the ultimate, though simplified, question: From whom will this artificial intelligence (AI) or artificial life form (ALF) learn, from whom will it receive human knowledge (or knowledge in general), and, in terms of simplified ethical norms – whom will the ALF believe if it has two possibilities, Asimov, or Tilden (Aberšek, et al., 2023)?