Terms Of Innovative Development Research Articles

Hygromechanical study of a 16th century painted wooden panel: In-situ experiments to quantify the mechanical effect of the frame and the cradle

In order to prevent damage to painted wooden panels from the cultural heritage sector, curators and conservators must provide the hygroscopic and thermal conditions necessary for their conservation. Furthermore, the design of physical reinforcements such as frames or cradles has to be considered. In this paper, experiments were designed to determine the kinematic response of a painting to hygrometric variations both before and after remedial conservation treatments were undertaken. This study was carried out in the Fabre Museum, Montpellier on the panel painting “La Sainte Trinité couronnant la Vierge” (« The Coronation of the Virgin by the Holy Trinity »), which was placed in a climate-controlled showcase in a museum exhibition space. A glass panel on either side allowed visitors to see both sides of the panel during the experiment. At the same time, two stereoscopic devices allowed us to follow the relief, the shape deformation and surface strain of the panel on its front and back sides. First, the mechanical effect of the frame and cradle was studied. The majority of the deformation was found to be due to the cradle; initially the panel had a complex warp (-5 to 10 mm), decreasing to (-1 to +2 mm) when the cradle was removed. The continuous monitoring (two images per hour) was carrried out to assess the behaviour of the panel during imposed relative humidity (RH) variations of about 13 % RH (between 65 % RH for the maximum and 52 % RH for the minimum) for both the absorption and desorption phases. The global mechanical effect on the curvature was very clear with an opposite direction of deflection between absorption and desorption phases. A comparison of the behaviour of the panel with and without the cradle showed that the change in curvature was about twice as great (4 mm) without the cradle, and its direction moved from an initial slight negative curvature state to a positive one. In terms of strain on both the surfaces, we observed a horizontal shrinkage of about -0.1 % during the desorption phase and a swelling of about +0.1 % during the absorption phase for both the front and back sides of the panel. A further local study allowed us to assess the mechanical phenomenon for each board with the local determination of cupping angles and surface strains. This local study highlighted the change in behaviour of the panel without the cradle. On both sides, the local surface strains were decomposed into the mean strain and the deviation from the mean strain. The study highlighted the fact that the intensity of the mean strain (local swelling or shrinkage due to the hygroscopic changes) was the same for each configuration and was about 0.1 %. Nevertheless, in the case of the panel without the cradle, the imposed variation of relative humidity was smaller (8 % RH instead of 13 % RH), so proportionally the mean strain is higher compared to the case with a cradle. This study over five years has been success in terms of innovative development and multidisciplinary research.

Barriers to innovation for SMEs in Republic of Moldova

SMEs play an important role in any country’s economy by contributing to job creation, innovation and value-added generation. However, despite the recognition of the important contribution of SMEs to the economy, there are a number of major barriers to innovation that prevent SMEs from developing. This paper aims to identify some important innovation barriers perceived by domestic SME entrepreneurs, as well as their perception of the changing trends in this field in recent years. The research is based on a mixed approach, using both primary and secondary data: statistical analysis and international rankings; the results of surveys and interviews with entrepreneurs from the small and medium-sized business sector, carried out and implemented over the last 8 years, with the participation of the authors; critical analysis and generalization of specialty literature, analytical materials; comparison; synthesis. The research results reveal that the innovation activity of SMEs remains rather modest, entrepreneurs facing a mix of internal and external problems. At the same time, entrepreneurs have not noticed essential changes in the last decade in terms of innovation development and implementation.

ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЮ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ

The territories of the Russian Federation have very different resources, different levels of technological innovation. In this regard, two main questions were posed in this work. The first question is related to testing the hypothesis that in the Russian Federation there is a strong differentiation of regions in terms of innovative development. The second question concerned mainly the possibility of predicting the innovative development of regions. The solution of the first question showed that the regions of the Russian Federation are statistically indistinguishable, the solution of the second question showed that the investing in innovation give an effect in two years.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Regional innovation ecosystem – a set of institutions located in the territory, which determine the level of regional innovation development and its scientific, technical and industrial specialization. Elements of the innovation system are formed, mainly, evolutionarily, depending on the conditions for the development of the territory. The article makes a historical analysis of the factors that form the elements of the ecosystem at the regional level, making the main contribution to the overall potential of the Russian economy. The features of the development of innovative ecosystems of large cities, as well as specialized regional entities (technopolises, academic campuses, technology-innovative zones) are highlighted. Based on statistical data, it is shown that there is a relationship between the saturation of the innovation ecosystem with the main elements and the level of innovation activity in the region. The authors raise questions about the criteria that determine the specialization of regions in terms of innovation development, about the necessary level of sovereignty of ecosystems, and the mechanisms of interaction between regions.

The choice of tactical approaches to the implementation of enterprise strategy in terms of innovative development

In order to increase the level of efficiency of strategic management of the enterprise as a result of strategy implementation by means of various tactical approaches, the article investigates methods and models for selecting tactical approaches to strategy implementation: enterprise strategy and tactics tree (S&T tree), marginal approach to the choice of tactics, hidden Markov model, method of morphological analysis, etc. Critical analysis of the methods has proved the necessity of combining them in order to increase the effectiveness of the mathematical apparatus, which is designed to reduce the subjectivity, which is inherent in heuristic methods (provided by most of the studied methods).In order to achieve the goals of the article, it is recommended the procedure for choosing tactical approaches to implementing the strategy: definition of the purposes and tasks, information maintenance of process of a choice of the tactical approach; formation of a set of strategic approaches for realization of strategy of the enterprise for what it is possible to use elements of a suffix tree; selection of criteria for acceptability of the tactical approach (Boolean variables that characterize the costs of the enterprise and the implementation of the tactical approach, the level of prices for finished products and services, market capacity in which the company operates, the level of market competition, international economic relations) and their expert evaluation; formation of a table of values of the Boolean function of an acceptable tactical approach to implementing enterprise strategy and evaluating the Boolean vector number; formation of an evaluation scale depending on the set of tactical approaches of the enterprise; selection tactical approach on the recommended scale.The practical implementation of the recommended procedure at TMC «Lvivholod» Ltd. (the company is one of the leaders in the retail trade of Western Ukraine with more than ten years of experience in retail, it ranks 5th place in the all-Ukrainian ranking of networks by number of outlets) has allowed to choose a tactical approach, which involves the transformation of existing products in the enterprise, the formation of their new features and subspecies that can meet the different needs of consumers, the development of quality characteristics of the enterprise's products, excellent product properties..

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY

Abstract. The development of the world economy, despite the barriers, is quite dynamic. The drivers of growth and stabilization of national economies at present are not raw materials industries, nor even industrial enterprises, but companies that generate innovative products. The enterprises that are most dynamically developing and producing innovations include enterprises in the field of medicine and IT. The updated list of S&P 500 companies showed that 50% of all the most innovative companies in the world are registered in the United States. Despite the pandemic challenges, some economies have not suffered significant losses due to quarantine restrictions. Since the level of innovative development of the national economy is a total (integrated) expression of the whole complex of innovative products created by companies of such a country, the initial elements are the creation of favorable regulatory and state support for developers of innovative products, tax benefits and incentives, export support for innovative products and so on. In order to assess these achievements, international organizations have developed appropriate methods for measuring the index of innovation development, namely: Global Innovation Index (GII) (WIPO and Cornell University), Bloomberg Innovation Index (BII) (Bloomberg), Global Competitiveness Index (World Economic Forum), World Competitiveness Index (IMD World Competitiveness Center). Studies have shown that against the background of the flagship countries (Switzerland, Sweden, Singapore, USA, Germany, China, etc.), Ukraine is constantly losing its position in the rankings, which is an objective reason for deindustrialization of the economy and denationalization and privatization of strategic enterprises of national importance. Today, Ukraine ranks 45th (GII) and 56th (BII), respectively, and belongs to the group of countries with below-average incomes per capita. At the same time, Ukraine ranks 71st in terms of innovation spending and 37th in terms of innovation development (profit). The development of Ukraine’s innovation component, according to experts and specialists, is ahead of forecast values.
 Keywords: national economy, innovations, innovative development, innovative products, innovative companies, indices of innovative development, gross national income per capita.
 JEL Classification O30
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 19.

The economic security of the Russian Federation: An innovative aspect

Subject. The article focuses on the articulation of the innovative policy in maintaining the national security of the Russian Federation. Objectives. We evaluate the current situation in the Russian Federation in terms of innovative development and compare it with other countries. The study also determines what impedes the deployment of innovation across regions. Methods. The methodological framework is based on the comparative analysis of innovative development indicators of Russia and countries all around the world. Results. We examined key economic security imperatives of the Russian Federation. The development of innovation is proved to be the only vector that will help Russia remain competitive worldwide. The national economic security is found to mainly depend on the efficiency of innovative activities in the real economy. We provide the comparative description of innovation indicators of China, Germany and the Russian Federation. The article also analyzes changes in the innovative development of the Russian regions, illustrating the case of the Bryansk Oblast. Conclusions and Relevance. China is an undeniable leader by the number of patent applications for inventions, utility models, industrial specimens. As the analysis shows, there is a close and direct relationship in China between resident’s patent applications and GDP. The fact signifies that the economic growth of the country does not draw upon innovation. Notwithstanding efforts, Russia’s Global Innovation Index has remained almost the same for the recent years, with Innovation Output sub-index even falling.

Urbooriented Development of the National Innovative System in the US Metro Areas

The socio-economic heterogeneity of spatial development is reflected in modern agglomeration processes, reflecting, first of all, the concentration and localization of innovative activity of elements of innovation systems of the national, regional and transregional levels associated with the reproduction process of the innovation economy. In the United States of America, a country that occupies a leading position, both in terms of innovative development and the process of urbanization, there is undoubtedly a close relationship and interaction of innovatively active elements and economic agents with the structures that form the country’s metropolitan areas. Within the framework of this interaction, carried out under the influence of agglomeration effects in the space of post-industrial agglomerations of the United States, the urban-oriented development of the national innovation system is actively carried out, which is empirically confirmed in the framework of the study. The revealed correlation and indicative relationship between the noted phenomena made it possible to substantiate a number of specific features of the American metropolitan areas as geospatial conglomerates of innovative activity at the transregional level.

Особливості стратегічного управління інноваційним розвитком промислових підприємств

The article considers the main aspects of strategic management of industrial development. A model of strategic management of an industrial enterprise has been developed. It is proved that the combination of integration of strategic and innovation management leads to the improvement of enterprises' competitive position in the market by creating competitive advantages. Peculiarities of formation of strategic management of innovative development at the industrial enterprise are investigated, the main of which is perspective orientation of innovative activity on inquiries of consumers, flexible reaction and continuous updating of parameters of business model, proceeding from competition requirements, towards achievement of steady advantages by development of creativity and intellectual potential of the enterprise, which causes the growth of its importance in the management system of a modern enterprise in terms of innovative development. It is determined that the main advantages of strategic thinking in terms of leadership and management of the enterprise are: the ability to subordinate all activities to a key aspect of strategy; the ability to more clearly respond to changes in the internal environment and the environment by the owners and management of the enterprise; the ability of enterprise managers to assess alternatives for capital investment and staff development, which provides opportunities for redeployment of resources to strategic areas and strategic projects for enterprise development and others. The stages of strategic innovation management are outlined, which will ensure the achievement of the desired results through the implementation of innovative implementations in the future.

РОЛЬ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В СТАНОВЛЕННІ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Intellectual capital today is a strategic factor in the innovative development of construction companies, which determines the relevance of the subject of this work. The aim of the article is to study the essence and justification of the role of intellectual capital of construction companies in the formation of innovative economy. The main stages of development of the concept of intellectual capital are considered and generalized in the work. The basic principles of intellectual capital management of construction companies are highlighted. The main problems and methods of solving the organization of substructures in innovative conditions are investigated. Based on scientific research, solving the problems of intellectual capital management is possible by following the following principles of intellectual capital management: strategic orientation; purposefulness; dynamism; flexibility; systematic; continuity; planning. The strategy of construction companies in the crisis period should be aimed at expanding the production of equipment. The study of the latest modern phenomena through the prism of economic analysis and assessment of the potential of the construction company and its components will contribute to a deeper understanding of the general patterns of behavior of market participants and accelerate further modification of strategic management methods in domestic business. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the problem of using intellectual potential in terms of innovative development. The main ways of reproduction of intellectual capital are analyzed. The key problems of reproduction of intellectual capital of domestic enterprises are identified and characterized and the ways of their solution are substantiated. The prospect of further research in this direction is the need to improve the intellectual component of the potential of construction enterprises. There is also an acute problem of low wages in this area of our country, which creates a reduction in the number of qualified people who go to work abroad, which also requires further in-depth study and a solution as soon as possible.

Mechanism of transformation of agricultural enterprises in terms of innovative development

The mechanism under study should be aimed at introducing innovative approaches to the modernization of technical l and technological cycles of production and economic processes, strengthening the competitive position of enterprises in the agrarian market and overcoming internal and external institutional barriers to enterprise development by suppressing irrational institutional influences on the functioning. The purpose of this study is to substantiate theoretical and methodological foundations and to develop applied approaches for implementing the mechanism of transformation of agricultural enterprises in a competitive environment. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of the mechanism of transformation of agricultural enterprises, which includes such components as: information and analytical tools (monitoring of the economic environment, verification and systematization of information data, establishment of essential laws and relationships, the formation of information bases of decision making, management, design-testing apparatus (designing a perspective plan for the transformation of agricultural enterprises, pilot testing of the target project of the proposed changes in the organizational and legal form of management, adjustment of the project of transformation of enterprises) and implementation-block (formation of innovative structures of agricultural enterprises, ensuring the sequence and consistency of implementation of target changes, minimization of conflict environment in the process of transformation in balancing the duties, process responsibilities and responsibilities in terms of the structural components of the new organizational and legal system). The social and economic effect of this mechanism is achieved through a synergistic effect obtained through the functional interaction of enterprises that are able, however, to work autonomously. The practical significance of the mechanism is manifested in the ability to generate comprehensive management support in the process of transformation of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the specifics of a particular organizational and legal form of management in a competitive environment of their operation.

Theoretical foundations of human resource management in terms of innovative development

The problems of managing the labor market and the employment of the population are given considerable attention by scientists, economists, philosophers, and sociologists. Despite the versatility of research, the problems of human resource management and improving organizational and economic management mechanisms remain insufficiently developed. Only at the regional level of management can we find effective ways to solve the most acute problems of building high-quality labor potential and rational use of labor resources by developing various programs and coordinating the activities of the relevant services. The main discrepancy between the education system and the labor market comes from the lack of forecasting methods in the workforce and imperfections of the mechanisms of social partnership. This is due to the insufficient funding of educational institutions and lack of job security for graduates. In addition, the low level of education of the economically active population of the region, the insufficiently developed training system for innovative industries, the undeveloped employment system for graduates contributing to the imbalance in the labor market, i.e. with a general quantitative prevalence of labor supply over demand, the most important sectors of the economy were not provided with the required amount of qualified specialists. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological aspects of human resources management and labor potential, to develop proposals and recommendations for improving its organizational and economic mechanism.

FACTORS OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE PROCESS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Topicality. The urgency of our research is due to the fact that business security management creates a basis for innovative development of entrepreneurship. Ensuring economic security is a factor of innovative development of entrepreneurship, of advanced business management techniques using, of business efficiency increasing, and the world's production quality standards achieving. Aim and tasks. The main purpose of the research is to develop theoretical and scientific-methodological statements for improving the business security management as a part of the process of innovative development of entrepreneurship in the context of ensuring the protection of all systems of the business entity from destructive influences, both internal and external factors, threats and dangers. Research results. The idea is substantiated that business security management is designed to promote the continuity of the process of identifying critical, in terms of innovative development, assets and possible threats to these assets, as well as reducing any vulnerabilities through careful analysis and implementation of effective countermeasures to achieve an optimal level of protection of critical assets. It is established that regardless of the type of organization, in the assessment of existing threats and dangers to the innovative development of entrepreneurship should be indicated: firstly, which critical assets of the business entity need protection; secondly, what type of information and what means are needed to protect each asset; finely, how the loss, damage, or destruction of a critical asset will affect the innovative development of the business entity and its mission. The results indicate that the business security management should include: firstly, assessment of threats and dangers to innovative business development; secondly, vulnerability assessment and risk assessment, which allow decision-makers to ensure the economic security of business activities, to give priority to asset protection protocols; and finally, specific recommendations on how to block opportunities for enemy attacks and how to protect specific assets in terms of innovative development. Conclusion. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that in the context of innovative development the business security management is the key to the long-term existence of economic entities and the formation of competitive advantages of their products in the market of goods and services. Business security management helps to eliminate additional threats and dangers that may be associated with innovative business development. Thus, only effective management of business security can guarantee the protection of all the business entity systems from destructive influences, both internal and external factors, to prevent and eliminate threats, contributing to the continuity of innovative development.

The Major Determinants of Innovative Environment Formation in Georgia

In parallel to the globalization of the modern world economy, the development of innovative policies for economic development is considered as a topical problem in a number of countries around the world. For developed countries, innovative economies have become one of the key preconditions for the country’s economic success. In Georgia, despite recent economic reforms, the country has not achieved tangible results in terms of innovation development. Hence the development of the economy needs to facilitate the formation of an innovative economy. Experience in developed countries shows that in a transformative economy the crucial role lies in the development of innovations and technological novelties. Accordingly, the article examines the contribution of innovation to the economic development of transformational countries. Priorities of innovation policy in Georgia have been identified, and the role of innovation in creating a competitive environment, increasing productivity and raising living standards has been assessed. The article uses the Global Innovation Index (GII) to assess the level of innovation in a country. There are discussed mechanisms that can help achieve long-term economic growth, productivity and job growth as well.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

The author’s method of evaluating the innovative development of manufacturing enterprises has been presented. Three key stages of evaluation activities have been highlighted. At the first stage, the leading group of manufacturing enterprises in terms of innovative development was identified – high-tech enterprises. At the second stage attention was paid to the rating innovative development of high-tech enterprises based on the authorial structural grouping of innovation indicators. At the third stage high-tech enterprises allocation to positions of innovative development (innovative leader, developed or developing innovator) and sectors of innovative development (balanced, result- or potential- oriented) has been proposed.

Targeted management of innovative development of Russian regions

«Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика» — научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал, обобщающий результаты исследований ученых всего мира в различных областях науки, включая мировую экономику, историю развития экономики и экономической мысли, финансы, кредит и страхование, теорию и практику управления, статистику и учет, экономико-математическое моделирование.

Assessment of innovation activity in the countries of the world

The purpose of the study is to evaluate innovation activity in the countries of the world. Based on the use of statistical, comparative, systemic and logical methods, an analysis of indicators of innovative activity was carried out, as a result of which it was concluded that Russia lags behind other countries in terms of innovative development. Using methods of economic and factor analysis, a factor model was formed in the work, which included groups of global, national, industry and corporate factors, the management of which will ensure a sustainable transition to innovative technologies of the national economy. In the ending of the study the main conclusions and results of the work are presented.

HIGH TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE IN THE DELTA OF THE RED RIVER IN VIETNAM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT

The problems of the development of high-tech agriculture of Vietnam in the delta of the Red river in the conditions of innovative development have been considered. The current status of the development of high-tech agriculture and some models of the application of high-tech agricultural production in some areas of Vietnam have been presented. The influence of high-tech development of agriculture on the ecological-economic efficiency of agricultural lands of Vietnam in the delta of the Red river has been determined, the main obstacles to the development of high-tech agriculture at the present time have been highlighted. The ways of development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam in terms of innovative development have been designated.

The innovation potential of the enterprise in the context of the economy and the business model

The objective of the paper is to identify the factors of innovative potential in Polish enterprises that are key from a perspective of enterprise’s innovativeness (micro scale) and their impact on the economy (macro scale). Based on original methodology of research, 36 factors of innovative potential of Polish enterprises were identified. Next, they were aggregated according to micro criteria, taking the order of organization proposed by H.J. Leavitt as well as macro criteria, which included the analysis of the factors of innovative potential of enterprises in a context of innovation subsystems of the economy. The analysis also takes into account business models in micro and macro scale. The conclusions formulated are a qualitative diagnosis of the activities of Polish enterprises in terms of innovation development and implementation, and also the economy was assessed regarding innovative potential in a macro scale.

Approach to the organization of decision support in the formulation of innovative regional development strategies applying adaptive-simulation model

The issues of formation of the decision support system in the field of regional development management have been considered. The presented review of the existing approaches in this field testifies on the one hand to their diversity, and on the other hand, it allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to solute a number of methodological and practical issues of decision support in terms of innovative development of regions. On this basis, the goal of the research is to develop the concept of a decision support system to substantiate the parameters of the innovative strategy of regional development based on adaptive mechanisms for coordinating the interests of economic agents.The research methodology is based on the synthesis of different approaches in the framework of integration into the structure of adaptive simulation models of problem-oriented knowledge bases, as well as intelligent technologies for processing semistructured information, using to find decisions in the process of formation and adjustment of parameters of management of innovative development of the region. The result of the study is a theoretical justification for the development of problem-oriented DSS, including a description of the interrelated stages, determining the main design features of this toolkit.As a part of the study, a conceptual scheme of implementation of the decision support system in the field of management of regional innovative development has been proposed, the key functional blocks of the proposed tools have been described, the place of existing tools in the structure of the regional development management system has been determined, the possibilities of its use in the formation of forecast-planned assessments of regional development, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative management actions, have been shown.In our opinion, the proposed tools will expand the possibilities of applying the management theory and decision support methods, intelligent information technology, economic and mathematical methods, modern computer simulation technologies for strategic planning of socio-economic systems of macro- and meso-level. In practice, the tools can be interesting for public authorities to solve problems in the formulation of innovative regional development strategies for the Russian regions, the formation of medium-term forecasts and the justification of the parameters of social, economic and budgetary policy.