Terms Of Handling Research Articles

Fuzzy modeling of biometric variables development of tomato crop under irrigation and water salinity effects

Tomato is a demanding crop in terms of handling, mainly because irrigation has a strong influence on fruit production and quality. Salinity changes the absorption, transport, assimilation, and distribution of nutrients in the plant. In general, such effects are analyzed using statistical tests. However, fuzzy models allow simulations between points that are not verified in agricultural experimentation. Currently, systems with artificial intelligence have excelled in the field of applied sciences, particularly fuzzy systems applied to mathematical modeling. The objective of this research was to use fuzzy modeling to analyze the biometric variables during the development of hybrid tomatoes under two different conditions: the first concerning different water tensions in the soil and the second concerning different salinity doses in irrigation. To this end, two models were developed based on an experiment carried out at São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agriculture, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Both models sought to estimate the values of biometric variables of the tomato crop. Thus, two models were developed: Model 1 regarded water tensions and days after sowing (DAS), while Model 2 featured salinity and DAS. Fuzzy models provided results that verified the effects of irrigation and salinity layers. Two Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems (FRBS), an input processor with two variables, a set of linguistic rules defined from statistical procedures with percentiles, the Mamdani fuzzy inference method, and the center of gravity method to defuzzification were elaborated for this purpose. The range between −25 and −10 kPa (for Model 1) and between 0.08 and 3 dS m−1 (for Model 2) provided the development within the ideal parameters for the complete development of the plant cycle. The use of fuzzy logic has shown effectiveness in evaluating the development of tomato crops, thus showing potential for use in agricultural sciences. Moreover, the created fuzzy models showed the same characteristics of the experiment, allowing their use as an automatic technique to estimate ideal parameters for the complete development of the plant cycle. The development of applications (software) that provide the results generated by the artificial intelligence models of the present study is the aim of future research.

Energy Efficient Transshipment of Ammonia: A Numerical Study of Various Terminal Concepts

For the global transport and trade of hydrogen, ship transport is of central importance. Ammonia is a promising option for this task. In the ammonia molecule, hydrogen is stored through chemical bonding to nitrogen. In comparison to liquid hydrogen, liquid ammonia shows a higher volumetric energy density and shows advantages in terms of handling. To establish ammonia as a global climate‐neutral energy carrier, the production of green ammonia as well as an efficient supply chain plays important factors. Terminals are an essential part of the process chain as they enable the transshipment from ship to land and vice versa. In this study, the efficiency of various ammonia terminal concepts dealing with both pressure‐liquefied and cold‐liquefied green ammonia is targeted. Multiple terminal concepts are analyzed by thermodynamic investigation as well as numerical simulation. The concepts are compared by system behavior as well as electricity and heat demand under typical bunkering scenarios. The analysis of the concepts produces general design criteria for an efficient terminal design. It is shown that an export terminal is most efficient with a multistage expansion. Furthermore, the integration of the pressure tank as a condenser proves to be particularly suitable for an import terminal.

Gust Reconstruction for Rotorcraft Based on Closed-Loop Shaping

Expensive and time-consuming flight tests are required to evaluate different helicopters and flight control systems in terms of handling and ride qualities. If gusts occur during these flights, they can distort the flight crew’s perception of the handling and ride qualities. Therefore, it is desired to quantify the influence of gusts on these criteria. This requires the determination of gusts that occur during the flights. Indirect methods are favored for quantification of the gusts to avoid the complex mounting of expensive measuring devices. Existing gust reconstruction approaches rely on gust models in addition to dynamic models of the vehicle, so the quality of these approaches depends on the validity and quality of the gust models. Hence, an approach that is only bound to the model validity of the vehicle dynamics is preferred. Unfortunately, such an approach is currently not available. This paper addresses this gap by deriving an observer using the closed-loop shaping method. The proposed observer reconstructs gusts from measured accelerations considering the gust rejection properties of the helicopter. Consequently, it works independently of any gust model and provides an easy-to-use alternative to existing methods. The quality of the approach is evaluated with simulation data under various flight conditions.

Determination of Combustion Characteristics of Densified Biomass Fuels from Agricultural and Domestic Wastes

The combustion characteristics of two carbonized biomass briquettes fuels samples (sample A and B) from two bio-wastes have been presented. Sample A is comprised of Agro-waste (residues) mainly rice husk, groundnut shell, corn cob, bagasse, rice straw, coconut coir, branches, wheat straw, maize husk, grass from the field, cassava stem while Sample B comprised of decaying domestic wastes material from wastes disposal/collection points mainly garbage, vegetables/fruits, protein, groundnut shell, maize cob, waste papers, all sorts of discarded foods etc. Analysis of briquettes fuels samples in terms of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific values were necessary to determine suitability of such material as reliable and sustainable energy sources. These parameters analyzed are unique fundamental code that characterizes and determines the properties, quality, potential applications and environmental problems related to any fuel. The result of the analysis placed sample B above sample A in terms of heating value. The proximate analysis indicated that the sample B had a better ignition characteristic at 77% volatile matter against 44% of sample A. Also, sample B have better heating value with fixed carbon 32% against 21% of sample A. This was also confirmed by ultimate analysis where sample B recorded a higher value of percentage Carbon and percentage Oxygen at 47.04% and 41.6% respectively. The bulk densities were in the range of 499kg/m2 to 502kg/m2 which is very good in terms of handling and transportation of the fuels. Moreso, calorific value of both samples were appreciably high at 18704 KJ/Kg for sample A and 18901.3 Kj/Kg by sample B. The ratio FC:VM for sample A is 0.477 which is higher than that of sample B, indicating that sample A will have a better yield and formation of biochar. Therefore the carbonised biomass briquettes are of good quality and exhibited good combustion properties as an alternative energy feedstock for domestic and industrial applications. It is a better source of energy for cooking, replacing fuel wood (firewood) and it is eco friendly.

A highly selective sensor based on p-tetranitrocalix[4]arene-capped copper nanoparticles for colorimetric and bare-eye detection of cyclophosphamide.

In the current study, one of the outstanding facile and simple protocols is proposed for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using NaBH4 as a reducing agent and p-tetranitrocalix[4]arene (p-TNC4) as a capping agent. According to our knowledge, no such technique is available in the literature for colorimetric detection of cyclophosphamide (CPA) using CuNPs at the trace level. The well-organized synthesis was confirmed via advanced spectroscopic techniques. The crystallite size, shape, phase purity, and morphological characteristics were determined via XRD, AFM, FT-IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. At the optimal conditions for CPA detection, the sensor reveals an excellent sensitivity, selectivity, as well as stability with LOD and LOQ 20nM and 60nM, respectively. However, the proposed sensor showed excellent potential and selectivity for the sensing of colorimetric detection of CPA that can be effectively applied to real blood serum samples. The proposed approach is better suited as compared to reported protocols in terms of handling, simplicity, economic, energy consumption, reproducibility, and excellent performance in a very short time.

The Promise of Regenerative Medicine in the Reconstruction of Auricular Cartilage Deformities.

There are many physiologic and psychologic challenges associated with ear cartilage deformities which are incredibly distasteful to patients, particularly children. The development of regenerative medicine (RM) sciences has opened up a new window for the reconstruction of auricular cartilage because it allows the creation of a structure similar to the auricular in appearance and function. As part of this review, we discuss the role that each RM tool, including tissue engineering, cells, and biomolecules, plays in developing engineered auricular tissue. In previous studies, it was shown that the simultaneous use of natural and synthetic biomaterials as well as three-dimensional printing techniques could improve the biological and mechanical properties of this tissue. Another critical issue is using stem cells and differentiated cartilage cells to produce tissue-specific cellular structures and extracellular matrix. Also, the importance of choosing a suitable animal model in terms of handling and care facilities, physiologic similarities to humans, and breed uniformity in the preclinical assessments have been highlighted. Then, the clinical trials registered on the clinicaltrials.gov website, and the commercialized product, called AuriNovo, have been comprehensively explained. Overall, it is important to provide engineered auricular cartilage structures with acceptable safety and efficacy compared with standard methods, autologous cartilage transplantation, and prosthetic reconstruction in RM.

Analisis Faktor Perilaku Dan Dukungan Suami Pada Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) Dalam Menjalankan Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Kota Depok Tahun 2022

Chronic Energy Deficiency is a malnutrition problem during pregnancy caused by an unbalanced nutritional intake that resulted from a long-term energy deficiency. According to the Indonesian Primary Health Research data in 2018, only 25.2% of pregnant women received the supplementary feeding program, and the remaining 74.8% failed to receive the program. The data also states that the proportion of Indonesian pregnant women aged 15-49 years old were 17.3% high risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency. The study aimed to determine the community health degree based on the risk of events related to behavioral factors and husband support for pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency, alternative problem solving, and problem-solving. The descriptive-analytic method was used with a qualitative approach through interviews with ten participants, stakeholders, and Chronic Energy Deficiency pregnant women. In addition, this study also uses the Ichikawa method to determine the problem cause. The results showed there was a lack of utilization of health service programs among pregnant women. To solve this problem, the alternative priority is to create educational content through the Instagram platform in terms of handling, monitoring, and preventing Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnancy by taking into account the level of effectiveness and efficiency.

Fluctuación y Distribución del Género Ips spp.1 y Asociados Capturados con Atrayente en la Cara Noreste del Cofre de Perote

The genus Ips DeGeer (1775) and Pseudips Cognato (2000) were monitored with Lindgren traps in the Cofre de Perote, Veracruz, Mexico. The ecosystems of this mountain provide environmental goods and services to the inhabitants of neighboring communities. It is also home to a wealth of flora. For example, seven species of Pinaceae are found there. The traps were baited with generalist attractants for Ips, Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and Cis-verbenol. The species captured were Ips bonanseai, I. integer, I. cribricollis, and Pseudips mexicanus, as well as insects associated with pines of the genera Hylastes, Pityophthorus, Gnathotrichus and Hylurgops and natural enemies of the genera Cymatodera, Enoclerus, Elacatis, and the family Staphylinidae. The most abundant species were Ips bonanseai and Pseudips mexicanus from February to May. Ips bonanseai showed a preference at 2,500 m asl, while P. mexicanus showed no preference. The attractant used during the study proved to be attractive to I. bonanseai, P. mexicanus, and associates. The results allow us to know the sites of preference of the species, their fluctuation over time, as well as their predators, which can help in silvicultural management in terms of handling and transport of material to the wood-processing centers.

Dental Luting Cements: An Updated Comprehensive Review

The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.

Tinjauan Hukum Proses Penetapan Tersangka Kasus Pencurian Kendaraan Bermotor

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police. And to find out and analyze the factors that become obstacles in the process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police. The method used in this thesis is an empirical legal research method The results in this study were 1) The process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police, namely through the suspect determination mechanism as carried out in the case of Police Report Report Number LP / 200 / XII / 2019 / SPKT / Res-Phwt, December 6 and Letter Investigation Order Number: SP fingerprint / 84 I XII / 2019 / Reskrim, dated December 6, 2019 in which the case title in the case raised includes the title of an ordinary case at the initial stage of the investigation. The Standard Operating Procedure in the title of the curanmor case remains in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Police Number 4 of 2014 concerning Standard Operating Procedures for Criminal Investigation Supervision. 2) Obstacles in determining the suspect in the criminal act of motor vehicle theft at the Pohuwato Police: a. lack of witnesses to see. b. Searching for evidence and suspects experiencing difficulties due to the absence or lack of clues c. Usually curanmor cases stop at the investigation stage. Apart from the above, there are still internal obstacles within Pohuwato Police and external obstacles The suggestion in this thesis is that there is a need for a new breakthrough in terms of handling and resolving curanmor cases. In this case, new operations and methods need to be formulated so that the Pohuwato Police can handle motor vehicle theft cases effectively.

Strain Compensation Methods for Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensors Suitable for Integration into Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte

Temperature is a crucial factor for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. During operation, the internal temperature rises above the external temperature due to poor inner thermal conductivity. Various sensors have been proposed to detect the internal temperature, including fiber Bragg grating sensors. However, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no detailed description of the encapsulation of the fiber Bragg grating sensor in the literature to shield it from strain. In this study, different encapsulation methods for strain compensation were compared to find the encapsulation material most compatible with the electrolyte. For this, we stored the proposed sensors with different encapsulation methods in ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate (EC:EMC) 3:7 with LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) electrolyte and applied temperature changes. After evaluating the sensor encapsulation methods in terms of handling, diameter, uncertainty, usability, and hysteresis behavior, the most suitable sensor encapsulation was found to be a fused silica capillary with polyimide coating.

Biohydrogen production from waste activated sludge through thermochemical mechanical pretreatment

Generation of excess sludge in large quantities from wastewater treatment plant face huge problem in terms of handling and management, whereas it possess higher organic and inorganic constituents and thus it can be used as a feedstock for the generation of biofuel with proper disintegration techniques.In this regard, an effort has been made in this study to combine thermo-chemo-disperser pretreatment for the disintegration of paper mill waste activated sludge for the production of biohydrogen in an energy efficient way. These combinations of thermo-chemo-disperser (TCD) tend to be effective in disintegration and possess 24.3% COD solubilization and higher suspended solid reduction of 18.8% at the specific energy usage of 2081.82 kJ/kg TS. The pretreatment with TCD technique shows the biohydrogen production of 120.2 mLH2/gCOD as compared to thermochemically pretreated alone (73.6 mLH2/gCOD) sample. Thus, the combined process was considered to be potentially effective in sludge disintegration.

MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL

Behavior problems become essential to be discussed from time to time, and every era has different challenges in terms of handling. This article focuses on behavioral problems in schools. This paper will evaluate several studies, all of which are based on a google.com search and will be presented in order with their sources. Scientific studies, building a trusted website, and https://trends.google.co.id/trend collecting information. It is essential to develop character on behavioral difficulties in this school and how we can work together to find the best solutions for this fast-paced era. This report will serve as a springboard for future research on school behavior issues

Psychometric-based domestic violence instruments as an assessment in experiential family counseling

Domestic abuse is a topic that is often discussed in the community. Experiential family counseling can be used to deal with domestic abuse. In terms of handling, it is vital to undertake a customer assessment. Standard domestic violance instruments that can be utilized in experiential family counseling have not been discovered as a result of library study. As a result, psychometric-based domestic violence tools are required. The creation of psychometric-based instruments results in instruments with high validity and reliability, such as test kits. The Delphi method, focus group discussion, factor analysis, and analysis of standard error of measurement were all used. According to the findings of the study, the application of this psychometric-based instrument has strong discriminating validity and no cross-loading, indicating good convergent validity. In terms of dependability, it also develops devices with a high level of dependability. So that psychometric analysis for evaluation in experiential family therapy can be used to build this instrument of domestic violance.

Tens-of-seconds solid-state sinter-bonding technique in air using in situ reduction of surface oxide layers on easily bendable dendritic Cu particles

Solid-state sinter bonding using metal particles, such as Ag and Cu, are emerging for the development of the next-generation die-attachment technique of a semiconductor chip that operates at high temperature or generates huge heat, thereby requiring a significant decrease in bonding time for industrial applications. However, this process still requires at least several minutes, even when using pastes containing expensive Ag nanoparticles that are limited in terms of handling and mixing. Here, we present an easily applicable and ultrafast sinter-bonding method that can be applied in air, using a combination of a micron-scale surface-area-enhanced Cu particles and an effective reducing solvent. Using uniquely-shaped semi-dendritic particles of 2.89 μm in D50 size, the bonding under a 5-MPa compression at 300 °C forms a Cu bondline that exhibits a sufficient shear strength of 23.7 MPa after heating for only 10 s to reach 300 °C. Subsequently, the strength increased to 29.0 MPa with the bondline microstructure of near-full density after 60 s. This strategy will provide enhanced sustainability at temperatures above 200 °C, long-term mechanical reliability, and significantly higher thermal conductivity than those in solder joints.

Kewenangan Kurator Dalam Pengurusan Dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit Dalam Hal Negara Sebagai Kreditor Preferen

In handling and settling of bankruptcy debtor wealth is carried out by the curator under the supervision of a judge with the main objective of using the sale of these assets to pay all debts of the bankrupt debtor proportionally (prorate parta) and based on the structure. The existence of a state towards a bankrupt company in collecting tax which is a state right. With the Constitutional Court Verdict No. 67 / PUU-XI / 2013 results in uncertainty. Which should be paid first, tax debt or labor wages. Therefore a problem arises namely what is the responsibility of the curator in handling and settlement of bankrupt assets, how Law Number 37 of 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy and Delaying Obligations of Debt Payment in protecting the duties of the curator in terms of handling and settlement bankrupt assets, how is the State's position as the preferred creditor after the Constitutional Court's verdict No. 67 / PUU-XI / 2013. The type of writing method applied in this research is normative legal research. The method of approach used is the method of legislation approach using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The data needed is collected by means of library research and field research by conducting interviews and then analyzed by qualitative deductive analysis methods to produce descriptive data. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the. The curator cannot be punished if he has carried out his duties according to the Judge's provisions. The dispute over the right to precede only arises when there are bills for labor wages and tax debts all at once.

Fault tree analysis of cargo leakage from manifold connection in fuzzy environment: A novel case of anhydrous ammonia

Ammonia cargo requires special expertise in terms of handling, storage and transportation aspects as it is unquestionably one of the toughest goods carried by tankers due to its intrinsically dangerous properties. Any malfunction experienced during the cargo operation may result in disasters. Cargo manifold leakage is one of the most critical hazards that may arise during cargo operations. According to the characteristics of the ammonia, manifold leakages contain risks that may result in explosion, fire, pollution and poisoning. In this study, all probable root causes and risk of cargo manifold leakage event of a gas tanker carrying ammonia is introduced by employing Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) in fuzzy environment, which is a systematic method to access reliability of complex systems both quantitatively and qualitatively by using exact occurrence probability values of all probable root causes. As a result, occurrence probability of ammonia leakage from cargo manifold is calculated as 0.00539 which is found realistic by consulted field experts. This study aims to introduce an appropriate management tool to identify root causes and mitigate the cargo manifold leakage risk by reducing the occurrence probabilities of the root causes.

On-line solid phase microextraction derivatization for the sensitive determination of multi-oxygenated volatile compounds in air

Abstract. Multi-oxygenated volatile organic compounds are important markers of air pollution and precursors of ozone and secondary aerosols in both polluted and remote environments. Herein, their accurate determination was enhanced. The approach was based on an automated system for active sampling and on-fibre derivatization coupled with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. The method capability was determined for different compound families, such as aldehydes, ketones, α-dicarbonyls, hydroxy-aldehydes, hydroxy-ketones, and carboxylic acids. A good accuracy (<7 %) was demonstrated from the results compared to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Limits of detection (LODs) of 6–100 pptV were achieved with a time resolution lower than 20 min. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of multi-oxygenated compounds in air samples collected during an intercomparison campaign (EUROCHAMP-2020 project). Also, its capability and accuracy for atmospheric monitoring was demonstrated in an isoprene ozonolysis experiment. Both were carried out in the high-volume outdoor atmospheric simulation chambers (EUPHORE, 200 m3). In summary, our developed technique offers near-real-time monitoring with direct sampling, which is an advantage in terms of handling and labour time for a proper quantification of trace levels of atmospheric multi-oxygenated compounds.

Lymphovenous anastomoses with three-dimensional digital hybrid visualization: improving ergonomics for supermicrosurgery in lymphedema.

The conventional approach of looking down a microscope to perform microsurgical procedures is associated with occupational injuries, anti-ergonomic postures, and increased tremor and fatigue, all of which predispose microsurgeons to early retirement. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) visualization of real-time microscope magnification has been developed as an alternative. Despite its commercial availability, no supermicrosurgical procedures have been reported using this technology to date. Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVAs) often require suturing vessels with diameters of 0.2–0.8 mm, thus representing the ultimate microsurgical challenge. After performing the first documented LVA procedure using 3D-augmented visualization in our unit and gaining experience with this technique, we conducted an anonymized in-house survey among microsurgeons who had used this approach. The participants considered that 3D visualization for supermicrosurgery was equivalent in terms of handling, optical detail, depth resolution, and safety to conventional binocular magnification. This survey revealed that team communication, resident education, and ergonomics were superior using 3D digital hybrid visualization. Postoperative muscle fatigue, tremor, and pain were also reduced. The major drawbacks of the 3D visualization microscopic systems are the associated costs, required space, and difficulty of visualizing the lymphatic contrast used.

Flip Chip integration of ultra-thinned dies in low-cost flexible printed electronics; the effects of die thickness, encapsulation and conductive adhesives

As the demand for flexible hybrid electronics has increased extensively e.g. for the internet of things (IoT), electronic skin and wearables applications, the implementation of devices based on low-cost materials such as PET, paper, and unpackaged bare dies have become crucial for economical mass production. To facilitate flexibility for instance in wearables, the rigid silicon-based components are also deemed to become ultra-thin, which raises major challenges in terms of handling and reliable integration. In this paper, the hybrid integration of ultra-thin dies on PET and paper-based printed substrates is investigated. Silicon dies with different thicknesses from 10 to 50 μm with an internal daisy-chain structure were made and flip-chip bonded to screen-printed substrates. The bonding was conducted by using two types of anisotropic conductive adhesives, i.e. anisotropic conductive films (ACF) and anisotropic conductive paste (ACP). The effect of die encapsulation on the reliability of the assembly was also assessed by employing a protective foil. For reliability analysis, a cyclic bending test was carried out to identify the failure cycle. The successful integration of ultra-thin chip on the low-cost printed flexible substrate was obtained by optimizing the bonding parameters with both ACF and ACP. It was revealed that in flexible hybrid electronics; the thinner the die, the higher is the reliability, as the thinner dies promise superior flexibility, and can withstand higher bending stresses. Moreover, it was found that encapsulation of the thin die in a foil dramatically increases the long-term reliability of the bonded chip.