Terms Of Business Models Research Articles

Универсальная классификация бизнес-моделей в цифровой экономике

The article considers the main approaches to the definition of the term business model, identifies the peculiarities of business model formation in the field of digital economy and e-commerce. As a result of analytical study of existing approaches to the classification of business models, their universal classification is compiled. The practical significance lies in simplifying the process of selecting and adapting the existing business model of the organization in conditions of economic uncertainty.

Electric Vehicles Charging Services Perspectives and Challenges

Abstract The year 2023 marked another breakthrough in electromobility. Customers accept electric powertrain; sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are booming and public charging infrastructure follows the similar pace. However, the leading European independent charging stations operators, despite the significant public funding utilized for financing their expansion activities are still experiencing losses, as a result of their operation. Generally, current research work in area of electric vehicle charging is rather focused on specific and rather technical aspects of charging infrastructure operations, like optimization of charger locations, connection to energy networks and operational excellence. Very few authors are focusing on core business essentials of charging infrastructure operation, in particular on sustainability of their operations. Within this paper author conducted financial analyses of selected charging infrastructure operator in Europe, compared the conclusions with its peers. Furthermore, this paper has an ambition to perform synthesis (after thorough review and analysis of relevant information sources) of different aspects of e-mobility ecosystem to conclude innovative recommendations. The main result of this paper is the recommendation for the charging infrastructure operators to adjust their strategies and respective business models in terms to make a move towards slow charging world, by building and operating Vehicle to Grid equipped infrastructure as a supplement to fast chargers’ network. Sooner charging infrastructure operators will develop their competences in Vehicle to Grid world the better, mainly for two reasons. Firstly, it is very probable that Vehicle to Grid market will jump on fast track very soon. Not only from technology point of view, but also from services provided/expected from customers. Secondly, in Vehicle to Grid connected ecosystem lays needed tens or even hundreds of millions EUR opportunities which will be waiting for Electric Vehicle´s owners and any subjects which can facilitate and instrument interconnection between energy network’s needs – auxiliary services, storage of electricity, integration of renewable energy sources and traction batteries of Electric Vehicles.

Сost-volume-profit analysis: practical aspects in e-commerce

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, e-commerce has experienced a significant increase. For Russian companies it's quite hard to compete with international organizations, mainly due to companies’ size and constant investments. The article addresses the issues that e-commerce companies face in terms of business models, costs, pricing and reaching a break-even point. We have studied the financial metrics of Ozon (leader company in Russian e-commerce market and have predicted net income for Ozon in 2023-2028. We outlined the limitations of break-even analysis in real-world scenarios for digital platforms.

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF ENTERPRISES IN CRISIS PERIOD: THE MARKETING ASPECT OF AIRLINES

Goal. The article is devoted to the study of the modification essence of competitive strategies as a result of the impact of crisis phenomena on the example of the activities of airlines. Methodology. Research methods include methods of scientific abstraction, observation, synthesis, generalization to highlight the key features of airlines competitive strategies, system-structural analysis of the market. The classification system of Porter's general strategies was applied in the airline sector. Results. Functional-level strategies in different areas of the firm, such as marketing, operations, finance, can only be properly developed when there is clear understanding of the overall business strategy. The article discusses general strategies that are available to all firms regardless of the sector, in accordance with Porter's view of activities differentiation and low cost, taking into account the breadth of operational goals. The focus was on airline operations, indicating the competitive strategies of full-service network carriers, low-cost carriers, integrated cargo carriers, regional airlines, charter airlines, and carrier-within-a-carrier airlines. These business models form the spectrum of strategic choices that will mix and function in hybrid forms as airlines continue to add nuance to their diverse approaches. The impact of crisis phenomena is direct factor in the hybridization of competitive strategies, although budget airlines have proven to be the most stable business models in terms of staff reduction. Scientific novelty. The competitive strategies of enterprises for the aviation sector and the business models of airlines, which respond to the global crisis challenges to varying degrees, are adapted, among which the budget business model is the most stable due to low operating costs. It was established that the business models of airlines are characterized by the approach of hybridization and mixing of business model features. Practical significance. The obtained results contribute the further development of theoretical approaches to the marketing research of airline activities, the analysis of the functioning of the air transport market. The materials reflect the generalization of competitive strategies of airlines.

How Pop Mart Is a Major Player in the Market

The rapid development of the fashion game industry in recent years is a microcosm of the national pursuit of spiritual and cultural satisfaction. After nearly a decade of development, China's fashion game market is still in a period of rapid growth. In the field of fashion games, Pop mart is the pioneer of its industrialization and the industry benchmark. Pop mart has grown rapidly and come into the spotlight in a short period of time, with substantial annual revenue growth every year. In this case, it is important for people to know why Pop mart is the leader of this industry in detail and some thoughts about their future business direction post-pandemic. This paper scrutinizes and analyzes why Pop mart dominates this market in terms of business model, product planning, sales approach, and consumer psychology. It also indicates how to maintain the company's development and economic growth in the face of a serious epidemic.

Strategic Choice of Intelligent Logistics Enterprises Based on Internet Platform -- A Case Study of Zhongchu Smart logistics Corporation

As an important part of the national economy, the logistics industry is on the road of Internet+ development. Intelligent logistics based on Internet platform is an effective way to cope with the challenges of rapidly changing customer expectations, seize the opportunities brought by new technologies and promote new business models. From the perspective of strategic choice, the purpose of this paper is to take the storage and intelligent transportation of China's large modern integrated logistics enterprises, Zhongchu Smart logistics, as an example to study the strategic choice of traditional freight logistics type of enterprises in terms of business model, service products, technology application, and their own organizational structure when transforming into intelligent logistics enterprises based on the Internet platform. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relevant aspects of the research object, the core elements of the strategic choice for the transformation and construction of intelligent logistics enterprises are obtained, which provides the basis and reference for relevant enterprises.In this paper, Zhongchu Smart logistics has built an intelligent online freight platform using advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data to achieve enterprise marketing and transportation capacity management, logistics operation process management and services; Extend the network freight platform to the upstream and downstream services of the industrial chain, build a logistics ecology, and coordinate multimodal transport, financial and digital solution services; Building a flat, efficient and fast organizational structure will greatly enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and may occupy long-term advantages in the future development of the industry.

Product co-design with consumer participation in a service-oriented manufacturing system

Product co-design which connects the firm and consumers to achieve value co-creation is widely applied in the service-oriented manufacturing system (SOMS) to improve service quality. One of the key challenges in practice is to understand how the product co-design affects the performance of SOMS under different business models. This study considers a SOMS in which the firm optimises its product co-design effort and consumers decide whether to participate in product co-design under the selling and leasing models. The results show that the firm can always benefit from implementing the product co-design, even though consumers do not participate in product co-design under some specific circumstances. However, it does not always hold for consumers. Interestingly, we find that the free rider effect occurs when the participation cost is high. We further elaborate on the firm's business model selection strategy, introducing a threshold-based policy designed to assist the firm in making decisions when confronted with varying residual values and participation costs. Lastly, our findings indicate a lack of clear-cut pros and cons between the two business models in terms of the firm's product co-design efforts and consumer surplus.

Business Models in Terms of the Strategy for Sustainable Management in Economic Entities Taking into Account Energy Transformation

The article presents the results of research on the importance of managing the energy transition in various economic sectors. The barriers and benefits of implementing a knowledge management and environmental management system in enterprises were considered. These factors are necessary for the effective planning and proper functioning of enterprises. Knowledge becomes the main and most dynamic factor responsible for the development of a given company, while environmental management ensures it achieves high economic efficiency of production and environmental rules and regulations. The article presents the results of the functioning of knowledge-based enterprises in contemporary conditions characterized by constant changes in the environment in terms of energy transformation. As part of my research, an algorithm was built based on which essential elements of the Polish energy policy strategy were defined enterprises in various sectors of the economy. In the holistic approach, a model of the functioning of knowledge-based enterprises was built and tested. On its basis, a prosumer/customer business model was proposed on the example of a photovoltaic installation. The study was conducted using the methods of economic measurement models. These methods allowed us to calculate the market value of the investment with the assumed boundary criteria and to determine its effectiveness. The research was carried out in 2020–2022 on the example of a real photovoltaic installation. The use of a photovoltaic installation in a company based on a business model is justified in practice and allows the company to reduce the electricity costs incurred, in this case by about 60%. Taking into account the result for the calculated payback period of 3 years, this proves that such an investment is very profitable for the company. The developed business model showed that the project of its implementation is fully economically justified and will allow investors to create various economic areas as part of the ongoing energy transformation.

Circular business model, technology innovation and performance: A strategic-based theoretical framework in the Indonesian energy transition

Along with the popularity of the environment, social and governance (ESG) concerns, the circular economy concept has gained tremendous attraction from the industries, policy makers and academicians. On a firm level, this is implemented through the so-called Circular Business Model (CBM), which is seen through various initiatives. This includes firms in the energy industry, who are transitioning from conventional to renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, despite of the importance and the omnipresence of the practice, there is still lack of empirical research within the CBM topic. In particular, empirical research combining the CBM and technological innovation topic within energy industry (as technology-intensive and high risk industry) in developing country such as Indonesia, is still lacking. To answer this gap, using literature review as research method, this paper has arrived into the following propositions as main result; (1) there is a positive relationship between firm’s level of CBM and technology innovation adoption to firm’s performance, where (2) the two antecedents that are positively impacting firm’s level of CBM and technology innovation adoption are leader’s innovativeness and perceived level of technology. For academicians, this research is expected to provide contribution to the energy transition literatures within CBM and technology innovation adoption topic. Propositions provided in this paper is expected to serve as valuable basis in conducting further empirical research. For practitioners, this research is expected to provide valuable insights to make improvements and/or innovations in terms of business model, technology adoption, and strategy. At last, this research is expected to support energy transition.

Research on Luckin Coffee Brand Creative Design and Business Model

After a deep financial crisis, Luckin Coffee made a series of adjustments to the new retail business model and brand creative design. Let it re-establish a good image in front of the public. The product will have good economic and social benefits, which have certain reference significance for similar marketing enterprises. The article will use the Survey method to study. The article will cover the process and impact of the deep financial crisis, business model self-help, and the creation of popular products. An in-depth study explores Luckin Coffee’s Brand Creative Design, such as brand culture design, brand culture media, brand APP design, and offline brand experience store design. The article finds that design, as an effective marketing method, has a positive effect on establishing corporate brands. As a designer, the concept of marketing and the needs of the public must also be integrated into the design. This determines whether the design can succeed, whether it can open up and occupy the market for the enterprise, and whether it can help the enterprise survive and develop. In terms of business model, the company should use Internet technology and big data capabilities to empower product development and store operations.

Exploring barriers to collaborative innovation in supply chains – a study of a supplier and two of its industrial customers

PurposeThe purpose is to identify and explore barriers to overcome for developing collaborative innovation between a global service supplier and two of its industrial customers in Sweden.Design/methodology/approachThe research had an action-based research approach in which the researchers were interacting and collaborating with the practitioners in the companies. The empirical part includes primary data from multiple interviews, and two workshops with dialogues with participants from the involved companies. The use of complementary data collection methods gave rich input to understanding the context for collaborative innovation, and to uncovering barriers, to develop solutions for collaborative innovation. The empirical barriers were analysed using theoretically derived barriers from a literature review. The analysis generated four broad themes of barriers which were discussed and led to conclusions and theoretical and practical implications on: the customer's safety culture, the business model, the parties' understanding of innovation and the management of collaborative innovation in supply chains.FindingsThe thematic analysis generated four broad themes: the customer's safety culture, the business model, the parties' understanding of innovation and the management of collaborative innovation. These themes where analysed using theoretically derived barriers from a literature review. The industrial context, the understanding of innovation and its management created barriers.Originality/valueThe unique access to the service supplier and its two independent industrial customers adds a rich contextual framing to the process of identifying and exploring the barriers to collaborative innovation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an industrial business context, the business logic in terms of business models and for the understanding and management of collaborative innovation.

Business models and supply chain of personalized medical products made by additive manufacturing

In the last years, Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increasing interest among practitioners in manufacturing personalized medical products. Researchers have consequently aligned to this increasing interest from practice, trying to support the development of AM for personalized medical products. However, researchers are currently overlooking one of the main aspects that would ensure the successful development of AM in the medical sector: the supply chain configuration. Practitioners are left alone configuring their supply, such as centralized or decentralized production, what to insource and what to outsource, etc. Some guidelines to support them in their decisions are hence needed. However, before doing that, it is necessary to understand the possible business models that can be adopted. In this work, we aim to do so. Specifically, we have conducted a narrative literature review, interviews and a workshop. Nine possible business models, three current ones and six future ones were identified. In addition, to describe the different business models, we have also identified their main challenges. The study represents preliminary work necessary to support the development of AM for personalized medical products in terms of business models and supply chain configurations.

Effects of Digitalization and Intangible Assets in the Crop Production Sector

In economic research, the introduction of digital innovations in agriculture is identified as a critical factor for changing business models in terms of creating economies of scale, improving productivity and efficiency within a single farm, and creating and capturing value in the agricultural sector. The present study attempts, on the one hand, to systematize the effects of digitalization processes in relation to the crop sector from available research. On the other hand, it analyses empirical data of crop farms through the lens of digital transformation. An econometric analysis was carried out, using data from enterprises from the crop growing sector that carry out costs related to innovation activities. The scope of the study covers a period of five years.

PEER-TO-PEER LENDERS AND BANKS: COMPETE OR COMPLEMENT? A POSITION PAPER

This paper is a position paper that aims to identify whether the presence of P2P lending is a problem for banking companies or vice versa. We answer this question through three approaches: in terms of business models, SWOT analysis, the risks faced by them, and market segmentation. Our identification shows that due to its easy communication channel (the Internet) and affordable infrastructure, P2P lenders are a competitive rival. P2P lenders should move to a niche market that is still available, namely SME financing. These SMEs are then expected to become more mature and bankable so that they can get financing from banks to grow bigger. They have qualified capabilities for this segment and capable technology. This could be their competitive advantage over banks. Banks operate in safe segments for them to avoid bank panics, bank runs, and economic instability. Meanwhile, banks can engage in other market segments, such as housing finance, commercial, and corporate financing. This synergy will have a harmonious impact on economic progress.

Research on the Business Model of Luckin Coffee Under the Background of New Retail

The term “new retail” first appeared in 2016, when Ma Yun, the co-founder and former executive chairman of Alibaba Group, put forward the concept in his speech. Since then, “new retail” has become a hot word and means that traditional e-commerce has begun to change into new retail. The new retail concept and development mode has brought a great impact on the development of the traditional retail industry, and also opened up a new way for its development. Since its birth, the implementation of the concept has brought the most direct impression to the public that a variety of unmanned retail experience stores have sprung up on a large scale nationwide. The experience stores take mobile payment and face recognition as the development basis, and show the concept in front of the public more intuitively, so that people can understand the concept of online payment and offline experience better, helping new retail win a lot of markets. This article will focus on the exploration of Luckin Coffee as a new retail coffee in terms of business model. Compared with the traditional coffee mode, the new retail coffee breaks the shackles of the physical space of the traditional coffee shop with the help of the Internet and meets the coffee consumption needs of users in multiple scenarios. At the same time, Luckin Coffee can accurately portray users and carry out targeted marketing through the data about consumption frequency and period of ordering coffee and light food category retained by users in the mobile app. Operation management, intelligent replenishment and scheduling and membership system establishment will be determined by the big data system of Luckin Coffee. The thesis makes an introduction of the realization means and profit analysis of Luckin Coffee’s new retail mode and briefly summarizes the reference significance of Luckin Coffee for other new retail industries.

Evidence from Fieldwork: Rural E-Commerce Development in China

In recent years, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the "three rural issues." In this context, this paper adopts a field survey method to review several typical models of rural e-commerce to sort out the current development of rural e-commerce. In terms of business models, the main businesses of rural e-commerce include live streaming and short video sharing of agricultural supply sources, agricultural product sharing, live evaluation, and community-based exchange circles for agricultural products. In terms of profit models, the main revenue models of rural e-commerce at present are product transaction rebate profit, mall product service fee profit, and traffic revenue. In the context of rural revitalization, a live e-commerce MCN organization is established to build up a team of anchors through systematic knowledge acquisition and skill training. At the same time, using anchors as a bridge, the resources of agricultural products, farmers, and enterprises in different areas are integrated. Build up an e-commerce platform integrating talent output, content creation, and product sales. Relying on the currently popular short videos and live webcasts, farmers and enterprises will provide products, and the anchor team will promote and sell them. This is conducive to the continuous development of rural revitalization strategies.

Reconceptualising stakeholders for the management of distributed value creation networks through open design‐led businesses

Openly shared design knowledge and open‐to‐participate design processes present potential for democratising innovation through diffuse value creation networks that can diverge into different directions and design outcomes. This potential mostly concretises through the distributed production paradigm that localises production, closes material loops and empowers communities to meet their specific needs. This paper argues that there is a need for formalising truly alternative ways of doing open design‐led businesses that can establish distributed value creation networks. In an attempt to enable and facilitate envisioning such alternatives, this paper presents a novel conceptualisation of stakeholders and framing of their ever‐shifting roles and responsibilities in complex value creation networks suggested by distributed production through a systematic literature review of 131 journal articles at the intersection of open design, distributed production and business models. The analysis revealed two main categories of stakeholders namely value‐creation‐for‐self and value‐creation‐for‐others, with a total of six sub‐categories presenting varying capacities to participate in networked value creation processes. The article concludes with a discussion on how this conceptualisation can enable envisioning novel, open design‐led business models in terms of collaborative value creation, managing distributed value networks and a layered approach to design and value offerings.

A Business Model for Developing Distributed Photovoltaic Systems in Iran

The necessity of increasing the utilization of renewable energies and lowering the dependence on fossil energies for power generation has been increasingly regarded worldwide. Thanks to its desirable solar radiation potential, Iran can lower its level of dependence on fossil fuels for power generation significantly by developing distributed solar photovoltaic (DSPV) systems. The present research began with identifying, through a literature review, relevant business models in terms of ownership and control and the barriers encountered by the PV industry. Continuing with the research, semi-structured interviews were performed with elites in the power industry to explore different barriers hindering the development of DSPV in Iran and weigh them appropriately. Next, according to the elites’ opinions, three business models differing in ownership and control were compared and scored in terms of their ability to address the identified barriers. According to the results, the business model with customer/third party ownership and utility control was identified as the most appropriate business model in Iran. As a final discussion, the business canvas and the roles and associations of all players of this industry in relation to the development of DSPV in Iran were explained.

How Swiss Start-Ups Deal With Business Model Innovation

The term business model innovation refers to the introduction of innovations that differ from state-of-the-art business models in the same field. Current research indicates that business model innovations are more resilient (e.g. to imitation) overall and more successful in the long term compared to traditional types of innovation (e.g. product innovations). Working on business model innovation, therefore, can provide valuable insights, particularly for start-ups looking to grow and scale up under conditions of extreme uncertainty. Business model innovation involves the innovation of two of four core elements of a business model: customer, value proposition, value chain and revenue mechanism. A business model can be described using these four elements in a sophisticated and comprehensive manner. Moreover, these elements help us to determine whether a business model innovation exists. However, do start-ups really use the advantages of business model innovation and to what extent? This research paper addresses this issue and examines the role business model innovation plays for start-ups as well as how it has been implemented. To gain these insights, we examine the business plans of 24 finalists of a Swiss innovation competition in 2021 in a multi-stage process. We systematically reviewed and analysed business plans individually using pre-defined innovation criteria for each of these four elements of a business model. The individual analysis allows a robust assessment to be able to make a comprehensible classification. On reviewing the results, we were surprised by how many of the analysed start-ups are pursuing business model innovations, and that they often innovate more than two elements of their business models. According to our findings, start-ups nowadays deal with business model innovation more often than they did in previous research studies. We can also show that business model innovations are often more complex than they were in the past.

A Case Study of Costco: from Business and Financial Perspective

Costco is one of the four leading retailers in the world, offering customers a wide range of products at low prices and with high quality. As a low-cost leader, Costco still achieved amazing growth despite the impact of the epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the business model and financial analysis of retailer Costco. This paper adopts the method of case study to discuss Costco's existing business model, strategic and competitive advantages and financial indicators. Provides Costco with a detailed analysis of its business activities relative to industry competitors in order to generate profits and maximize shareholder value. Data is collected from multiple secondary sources to ensure the authenticity of the information. In terms of business model, Costco is significantly affected by the macro environment, mainly due to COVID-19. Secondly, with the rapid economic development, online shopping is becoming more and more popular among young people, so the competition is becoming more and more fierce. Costco shows a flexible business model in its financial analysis. This article provides help for corporate managers, other retailers in the industry and researchers.