Address Terms Research Articles

The multiple constraints of addressed questions in whole-class interaction: Responses from unaddressed pupils

This article explores pupils’ responses to addressed questions in two third-year primary school classes, organized as plenary interaction and based on the next-speaker selection. In this context, unaddressed pupils often produce responses of various kinds spontaneously, showing that the next-speaker selection per se does not exclude unaddressed pupils from participating. Analysis of the design and position of these responses show their orderly nature as mainly depending on the following dimensions: the position of the address term in the question and who has primary access to answers. Pupils’ responses display a high level of awareness of the next-speaker selection rule operating in this setting, and more globally, of the turn-taking system. This competence enables pupils to understand and navigate the other-selection rule, often gaining their right to speakership. In line with prior studies on multiparty interactions, the article shows that teachers’ questions pose multiple constraints on responses.

What’s in a Word? The Ubiquitous and Multidimensional Address Form hoca(m) in Turkish

Like many other words, hoca(m) has undergone a historical development. Originally a religious term, hocam has turned into a widespread and multidimensional address form in Turkish academic settings expressing the sociosemantic notions of solidarity, equality, respect, intimacy, and distance. In this study, after tracing the historical development of the word hoca, the results of first-hand observation over a period of eight years in Turkish academic settings will be presented. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the quantitative data collected through a questionnaire will be provided, which will be followed by participants’ comments and reflections on the use of this address form. All the results point to the fact that hocam is the predominant and pervasive address term in Turkish universities. It is hoped that the present study will make a contribution to the field of sociosemantics by introducing a unique case of an address form.

Address Term Used By The Instagram Users

The purpose of this research was to analyze the kinds of address terms in media social, especially on Instagram. The researchers used one of David Beckham’s posts as the object of research. This research used (Wardhaugh, 2006) and (Chaika, 1982) theories about kinds of address terms. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research shows that from seven types of Wardhaugh and Chaika theories, the researchers found seven kinds of address terms that are used by Instagram users on David Beckham’s posts. They were First Name (FN), Last Name (LN), Title (T), Title plus Last Name (TLN), Special Nicknames (SN), Pet Names (PN), and Kindship Terms (KT). The most commonly used by Instagram users is First Name (FN) there were five data, three data in Last Name (LN), two data in Pet Name (PN), two data in Kindship Terms (KT), one data in Title (T), one data in Title plus Last Name (TLN), and one data in Special Nicknames (SN).
 Keywords: address term, media social, instagram, type

ADDRESS TERMS USED FOR BIRTHDAY WISHES: A CASE OF STUDENTS AND LECTURERS OF NWAFOR ORIZU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, NSUGBE

This research investigated the address terms used by WhatsApp group members in expressing birthday wishes among its members. The WhatsApp groups constitute the undergraduates’ WhatsApp platform and the College of Education Academic Staff Union (COEASU) WhatsApp platform, all in Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State. Address terms is a phenomenon that exists in our day-to- day communication and are bound to vary as a result of many social factors. Therefore, this paper focuses on the address terms used by the members of these groups when expressing birthday wishes to their fellow members, as well as the factor(s) that may be the face behind the mask of choice of address terms. The address terms are classified under the following: first name (FN), last name (LN), title (T), special nickname (SN), pet name (PN) and without address term (WAT). This study revealed that the combination of two or more address terms neutralises the original concept of one address term or the other. The without address term depicts more of solidarity than degree of intimacy and familiarity. Furthermore, the use of dual language in the address terms portrays a high degree of intimacy and the use of codes and abbreviations depict the highest degree of intimacy between the addresser and the celebrant or addressee. Finally, this simply means that the context in which an address term is used and the combinations of other address terms can neutralise the concept of a particular address term. Also, some address terms are status specific and the proposition of Wardhaugh (2010) that title (T) is the least intimate address term does not hold water in this paper, instead, it is without address term (WAT).
 Keywords: Address Terms, Birthday Wishes, Students, Lecturers, Whatsapp Group.

The Students’ Strategies in Online Learning Interaction: Exploring Politeness in Zoom Class during Covid-19 Pandemic

Studies of teacher-students politeness are presented mostly in direct communicationor face-to-face communication. filling the gap of politeness between teacher and students in online learning is the aim of this study, specifically in one of the very popular educational platforms applied during the Covid-19 pandemic. The platform is Zoom Class. This study applies qualitative research method to describe the phenomenon of the language. This study observed the interaction of 7 zoom classes of English Department students from September to November 2021. The researchers did the analysis on students’ interaction with their lecturer based on the theory of politeness stated by Brown and Levinson. It is found that there are five strategies which 3 of them belong to positive politeness strategies, namely greeting, gratitude, and address term, then negative politeness strategies namely apology and mixing language. The gratitudeis dominantly applied by students with the utterances “thank you” to minimize the threat and maintain the relationship between them. these politeness strategies also used to ensure the effectiveness of online learning interaction as it increases students’ language competence. However, the problem also faced by students and lecturer during the learning process by online learning. Fortunately, the problem could be solved. Thus, this finding contributes to enrich the aspects of politeness interaction in zoom class and provide future researchers to explore politeness in other context.

Sociolinguistic aspects of address terms based on Kazakh consanguine kinship system

The Kazakh society, being traditional in nature, strictly regulates the behavior of its members in many spheres of life, including family communication. The usage of kinship address terms to refer to relatives as well as nonrelatives indicates the uniqueness of the Kazakh culture. Kinship address terms are powerful means of creating and maintaining solidarity among not only members of a kin community but the whole society. In the Kazakh language, there is a plethora of address terms young people use to refer to the members of their family and сlose relatives. The present article is aimed to investigate the address terms that modern younger generations of the Kazakhs use to refer to their parents, siblings, grandpar- ents, uncles, aunts and cousins, and nonkins to determine in what way kinship address terms regulate the communicative behavior of the younger generation and formation of their live values. The analysis of data obtained through on-line survey, observation and face-to-face interviews yielded valuable informa- tion on the usage of address terms within a nuclear family and close consanguine relatives. The research revealed a strong family orientation of today’s Kazakh young people. A peculiarity of Kazakh address terms is a wide use of «Russianized» and Russian kinship terms by the modern Kazakh youth due to two factors – intercultural communication and the bilingual situation in Kazakhstan. Investigation of Kazakh consanguine kinship terms of address employed by the younger generation theoretical and practical sig- nificance. It enabled to demonstrate the links between language use, social relations and cultural values. Key words: kinship, consanguine, address terms, politeness, communicative behavior, hierarchy, on-line survey, face-to-face interview

호격조사 ‘아/야’의 전략적 사용과 어휘화

Address terms are not only a mean of revealing social relationships, but also a strategic sign indicating the speaker’s mind or attitude. Original function of ‘a/ya’ as a vocative postposition is to make the previous words into a term of address. However, it was confirmed that speakers use kinship terms of address combined with ‘a/ya’ for solidarity form as a result of considering the discourse text that is actually spoken.
 Kinship terms of address combined with ‘a/ya’ that lost function of vocative is recognized as a unit. It was originally a spoken sentence structure, but it changed into a noun after univerbation, categorical change, and semantic change. This paper described lexicalization that changed structure: including ‘a/ya’ into noun.

A Comparative Study of News Tweets of Tham Luang Cave Rescue by Thai, American, British, and Australian Broadcasters

This research investigated the typical grammatical structures, topics, and address terms for the victims in the news of Tham Luang cave rescue on Twitter published by four broadcasters: Bangkok Post, CNN International, BBC World News, and ABC News. The sample was 454 news tweets posted by the broadcasters between June 25, 2018 and July 15, 2018. The instruments were a syntactic analysis table, a topic analysis table, and an address term analysis table. The results showed that (1) the most typical grammatical structure used in the news by all broadcasters, except BBC World News, was simple sentence, (2) the most frequently-addressed topics in Bangkok Post and BBC World News were settings, while those in CNN International and ABC News were victims, and (3) the most frequently-used address terms for the victims in the news by Bangkok Post and BBC World News were address terms associated with age and gender combination and those associated with occupation, while this frequency order was in reverse in the news by CNN International and ABC News. Certain statistically significant correlations were also witnessed. The findings provided insights into certain similarities and differences in typical grammatical structures, topics, and address terms in the news tweets posted by the four broadcasters, and they also reflected English-language news publication on Twitter in general.

Instances of (un)translatability in Ion Creangă’s “Amintiri din copilărie”/”Memories of my boyhood”

These days, writing about untranslatability may seem courageous, as more and more voices associate this issue with translation incapacity and, instead, advocate for creative remedies or even reject such an instance. This study does not deal with a contemporary novel, nor does it have to do with a powerful textual space. However, we believe that translation theories mainly focus on analyses of a certain category of languages, and raise questions of discrepancies between subordinate and dominant cultures, a tendency which derives from the proneness of the international publishing industry to favour certain languages and types of writing. We are not aiming for a debate around the subject of publishing politics or endeavours, but rather we try to cast some light on the ambitious project of rendering vernacular into a powerful language. This paper deals with the work of a great Moldavian storyteller who contributes significantly to the enhancement of expressiveness through linguistic characteristics that occur informally. We hypothesise that the vibrant vernacular writing “Memories of my boyhood” creates potential instances of untranslatability, due to significant differences between the Romanian variety and English, not necessarily in the linguistic inventory but rather in the cognitive structures of the readership. Therefore, the case study focuses on how source text and target text readers infer meaning from interjections and terms of address, originally belonging to the Moldavian modes of expression. Although the translators re-create these short utterances, due to a lack of a similar background from the part of the receiving culture, we witness a limitation on conveying their original intentionality, emotion and plethora of meanings.

The chair’s use of address terms in workplace meetings

Abstract This conversation analytic study investigates the chair’s practice of addressing participants in multiparty meeting interaction. Paying close attention to the participants’ verbal and embodied actions, I examine 12 h and 30 min of video-recorded faculty meetings in a U.S. school district. I focus on how the meeting chair uses terms of address (e.g., first name, occupational title) during the meetings. The analyses show that when the chair uses an address term, she not only establishes a recipient, but also invokes and makes her institutional identity relevant as a meeting chair. In particular, the chair uses an address term while carrying out actions such as 1) opening or closing a topic, 2) managing the floor for different speakers, and 3) conducting relational work (e.g., welcoming a new member). The findings show that the address terms facilitate the chair’s actions that promote progressivity – between and within (a) topic(s) in the meeting agenda – and foster social solidarity by displaying affect toward individual participants. This study contributes to research on address terms and their functions, as well as to meeting interaction, particularly with regard to chairing practices.

“People confuse respeto ‘respect’ with terms of address”: an analysis of online metacommunication about politeness and second-person pronoun use in Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This article investigates online metacommunication about politeness and second-person pronouns in Peninsular Spanish. I propose a framework that integrates a discursive approach to politeness, speech codes theory, and dialogism to capture emically the contested nature of politeness at the cultural level. The analyses show two oppositional codes of address: Las formas ‘manners’ presumes that the use of usted (formal-second person pronoun) is the default polite way to enact respect towards societal hierarchical structures. El tuteo ‘the act of addressing somebody as you[tú]’ presumes that respect is not inherent in terms of address or an obligation towards hierarchy; instead, respect is owed to all people and earned through one’s actions. These codes co-exist in tension and their respective meanings stem from how they articulate with each other. I conclude that online metacommunication provides new affordances to study politeness and speech codes.

A Sociolinguistic Research on the Usage of Address Terms for Professors by Undergraduate and Graduate Students.

A Sociolinguistic Research on the Usage of Address Terms for Professors by Undergraduate and Graduate Students.

The Mapping of Honorific Balinese Address Terms Translated into English

The aim of this article is to find the mapping of Balinese address terms and its translation into English in a Folktale entitled I Juragan Anom. The mapping is used to categories and make clear the major conceptual of the address term are used in folktale I Juragan Anom. Based on the simple analysis, the mapping of Balinese address terms can be categories into three, there are: 1) Balinese address term sub-type indicating honorific: caste system; 2) Balinese address term sub-type personal name system; and 3) Balinese address term sub-type kinship.

Forms of address and (im)politeness: a corpus-assisted study of Polish professional and non-professional subtitles

The aim of the study is to analyse how the English form of address you is translated into Polish in subtitles. The investigation is embedded in the framework of (im)politeness theory. The data used for the study comprise two types of non-professional renderings: amateur subtitles (fansubbing) and subtitles written by sophomore students of English Philology. The study proves that fansubbers’ subtitles have a tendency to foreignise translation by ignoring the Polish sociocultural norms of terms of address, thus making it sound less polite and marked, while students’ translations show a tendency to make the original dialogue more familiar to the target (secondary) audience, and make it more acceptable and polite.

The Sociolingustics Analysis of Address Terms in English and Enrekang Durinese

This research is a sociolinguistics study which explore the relationship between language and society. The aims of the research is to identify the kind of address terms used in English and Enrekang Durinese based on daily conversation. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The Enrekang Durinese data is obtained by Recording and interviewing which is done by Massenrempulu people in Duri, Alla’ Sub-district, Enrekang District. The English data is obtained from English Movie and Series which contain utterance of address terms.The result of the research shows the kind of address terms used in English and Enrekang Durinese in daily conversations. They are: 1) Pronoun (Second Person Pronoun) 2) Kinship Terms and 3) Non-Kinship Terms. The difference from the both languages appeared in Pronoun, Enrekang Durinese has two type of Pronoun, Polite and Polite while In English, there is only one second person pronoun; you. Another difference found in kinship and non-kinship terms. Enrekang Durinese people usually use mockery to address family and relative while using mockery to address family and relative is not found in English Data. Another result found in this research is there are aspects that influence the use of the address terms in English and Enrekang Durinese, they are 1) Sex and Age 2) Situation 3) Social Rank/ Social status.

PEMBENTUKAN NILAI MURNI SEBAGAI SARANA MESEJ BERDASARKAN KARAKTER NAMA DALAM KATA PANGGILAN ADAT MASYARAKAT KELABIT

This study discusses the formation of moral values as being a message based on a character name in the Kelabit Highlands community custom terms of address. This study was conducted in Bintulu, Sarawak. Seven ethnic Kelabit from Bario Highland and aged between 50 and 70 years of informan. The main data sources obtained through interview, observation, photography and analysis of documents. The tide of change globalization which traction among new generation causes less kelabit communities to their ancestral treasure in particular related character names and subsequently made a message in life their daily. Due to the current scenario and problems, the study was done to identify the formation of moral values as being a message based on a character name in the Kelabit Highlands community custom terms of address. Character name referred to in this study specific to the selection a combination of vocabulary name Aran Raja, Raja, Aran Paran Pelaba and Maran Bala in the Kelabit Highlands community custom terms of address. A combination of vocabulary name concerned is a combination of vocabulary name in the category Element Name first class in name change or Irau Mekaa Ngadan '. Study on the character of the name of this vocabulary to nurture theory presented by Lickona (1992) and the related description of the formation of moral values based on the principles of moral values as outlined by the Ministry of information communication and Culture (2013). The study found that every individual to be granted the title of the relevant combination is able to form a noble personality character and became a symbol of community identity Kelabit ethnic character. In addition, the title also to create individual identity in your welfare values for himself and for the ethnic Kelabit. Pure Pembentukannilai based on character names are as follows, namely, highlighting responsible character, showing character dear exhibit sincerity/integrity (honesty) and symbolizes justice and leadership qualities.

COMPLAINT STRATEGIES AND FORMULAS IN CAMEROON FRENCH: A CASE STUDY

The present study examines the realization of complaints by Cameroonian French speakers. The data were collected, by means of discourse completion tasks (DCT) that was administered to 228 participants in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon. The examples were analyzed according to the following aspects: head act strategies (direct and indirect complaints) and external modifiers. With respect to head act strategies, the results show that the informants mostly preferred direct complaints in the form of expressions of disapproval and accusations, and indirect complaints in the form of expressions of disbelief and requests for repair. It was also found that the participants mostly used complex complaint utterances with a wide variety of pragmatic strategies and linguistic realizations. The analysis also reveals that the participants employed different types of external modifiers to soften or aggravate their complaints. These include preparatory acts such as exclamations, attention getters, address terms, etc., and supportive acts such as expressions of regrets, insistence acts, sarcasm, suggestions, etc. The strategies and formulas attested in the data seem to reflect the way in which Cameroon French speakers voice complaints in naturally occurring situations involving peer equality.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0917/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

APOLOGY STRATEGIES IN CAMEROON FRENCH

This article discusses the results of a case study on strategies used by Cameroon French speakers to apologize in situations involving friends and superiors. The data of the study were collected by means of a Discourse completion Task Questionnaire that was administered to two groups of university students. The findings show that the participants used a wide range of direct and indirect apology strategies and that the apology utterances mostly occurred in speech act sets, which generally involved combinations of direct and indirect apologies and supportive acts. The results also reveal the use of nominal address terms, codeswitching and some indigenized patterns of French to modify the illocutionary force of apologies. Overall, the linguistic and pragmatic choices made by the respondents varied according to degree of familiarity and power distance between the interlocutors.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0949/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

‘You son of a perverse rebellious woman’: Mobilizing the storytelling event for self-empowerment

AbstractThe current study investigates the discursive strategies used by Jewish Israeli women when telling stories of self-empowerment involving interpersonal tension with authority figures. Our corpus is based on in-depth interviews with thirty women aged fifty to ninety-three from the southern city of Beer Sheva, Israel. We identified forty-two narratives manifesting interpersonal tension, mostly with authority figures. Drawing on the theoretical framework of narrative analysis, we conduct a performance-based, pragmatic microanalysis of four stories through which we demonstrate an ensemble of strategies paramount in shaping and contesting power relations, including use of direct reported speech, address and reference terms, and code-switching. By telling their stories, our storytellers mobilized the storytelling event as an occasion to perform a self-empowering move through which they subverted the frameworks of authority not only on a local level in the narrated and storytelling events but potentially also on a broader societal level, disrupting hegemonic asymmetries. (Power relations, narratives, self-empowerment, direct reported speech, code-switching, terms of address, terms of reference)

Footnotes in an Indonesian Source Text and in an English Target Text

This research is about the use of footnotes in an Indonesian source text and in an English target text. It involves a translation of literary work called a novel from Indonesian into English. The novel deals with some cultures; Arabic/Islamic culture applied in Islamic boarding school, Minangkabau culture, and Indonesian culture. That is why the author needs to strengthen information using footnotes regarding some terms or words in his novel. When or which words need to be put as footnotes depend on the author’s preference, and this is also what occurs in the target text; the translator has her own preference whether to keep the footnotes as footnotes in her target text or insert them as additional information in the text. The footnotes in the source text are almost four times outnumbered the footnotes in the target text. Using the descriptive qualitative method, this research is to give a description of the translation of footnotes into footnotes and about the information provided in the footnotes either in the source text or in the target text. And using Translation Studies in analyzing the data, this research is to find out the procedures of translation involved in the translation from footnotes into footnotes. The results show that translating footnotes into footnotes cannot use only one single procedure; it needs at least a combination of two procedures, namely couplets, or of three procedures, namely triplets, and quadruplets, a combination of four procedures; and the footnoted words or terms or sentences provide information mostly about Arabic daily conversation between a teacher and his students at school and about address terms used in Minangkabau language.