Terms Of Changes Research Articles

Tracking diachronic sentiment change of economic terms in times of crisis: Connotative fluctuations of 'inflation' in the news discourse.

The present study focuses on the fluctuation of sentiment in economic terminology to observe semantic changes in restricted diachrony. Our study examines the evolution of the target term 'inflation' in the business section of quality news and the impact of the Great Recession. This is carried out through the application of quantitative and qualitative methods: Sentiment Analysis, Usage Fluctuation Analysis, Corpus Linguistics, and Discourse Analysis. From the diachronic Great Recession News Corpus that covers the 2007-2015 period, we extracted sentences containing the term 'inflation'. Several facts are evidenced: (i) terms become event words given the increase in their frequency of use due to the unfolding of relevant crisis events, and (ii) there are statistically significant culturally motivated changes in the form of emergent collocations with sentiment-laden words with a lower level of domain-specificity.

AN ANALYSIS OF POST-DISASTER RECOVERY EFFORTS IN TURKEY ACCORDING TO KURT LEWIN'S CHANGE MODEL EXAMPLE OF KAHRAMANMARAŞ AND HATAY PROVINCES

Turkey, which has a surface area of 780 thousand square kilometers, is a country that is in the position of a bridge between the European and Asian continents, most of which is in the Asian continent. Due to its location, Turkey's territory is highly prone to natural disasters and has faced many disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides and avalanches. This high- risk geography has hosted major earthquakes, floods, landslides and avalanches every five years on average. Turkey, which has been exposed to disasters whose exact location, time and type cannot be determined, is in a constant state of change in terms of managing and improving the post-disaster crisis situation, especially in terms of physical, economic and social losses after these natural events. Especially social losses after disasters can be classified as losses that take longer to recover, require more labor and cause countries to spend more energy after the crisis compared to physical and economic losses. Post-disaster social losses require adaptive measures and change management with reference to the previous situation, which has become obligatory to change. This study aims to examine post-disaster recovery efforts in Turkey in the context of Kurt Lewin's Three Stages of Change Model. In this direction, the studies related to the Three Stages of Change Model have been analysed and the social context of post-disaster recovery efforts around the theory has been evaluated within the framework of Kahramanmaraş and Hatay earthquakes.

Decomposing India's Trade Ratio: 1980–2021

ABSTRACTExternal trade balance is a critical constraint in the macroeconomic dynamics of a developing economy. Typically, external adjustment is said to occur through changes in the real exchange rate, and implicitly in the terms of trade. This article decomposes India's merchandise trade ratio into three parts, namely, change in terms of trade, relative expenditure growth and relative import intensity over the period 1980‒2021. It finds that terms of trade contribute little to the evolution of India's trade ratio since the 1990s. Instead, falling relative expenditure growth due to India growing faster than its trade partners, and rising relative import intensity due to a reduction in India's reliance on imports relative to its partners explain a large share of the change in the trade ratio post‐1991. Devaluations have not contributed to the improvement in the trade ratio while export growth and reduced domestic intensity have been critical.

Derivation of Residual Thermal Properties from Cubic Equations of State when the Discriminant of Quadratic Term Changes Sign with Temperature

Derivation of Residual Thermal Properties from Cubic Equations of State when the Discriminant of Quadratic Term Changes Sign with Temperature

No Evidence of Short-Term Changes in Muscle Activity Elicited by Dry Needling in Chronic Unilateral Shoulder Pain Patients.

The aim of the study was to assess short-term changes in shoulder muscle activity elicited by dry needling in chronic unilateral shoulder pain patients. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted, in which 30 volunteers with unilateral shoulder pain (USP) were recruited and randomly assigned to either real or sham dry needling conditions. Pain intensity scores, pressure pain threshold (PPT), glenohumeral internal rotation angles, and electromyographic activity during isotonic shoulder tasks (shoulder flexion and extension) were assessed before, immediately and 72 h after the intervention in the infraspinatus and deltoid muscles. A single application of real dry needling resulted in lower pain intensity scores and a larger range in glenohumeral internal rotation 72 h after the intervention in comparison with sham dry needling. No differences in PPT or muscle activity were observed due to the intervention. A single application of real dry needling resulted in clinically significant changes in the short-term. No differences were detected in muscle activation in the infraspinatus or deltoid muscles. Complementary interventions and longer follow-up times may be required to observe changes in muscle activity.

Strategic donor behaviour and country vulnerability in health aid transitions

BackgroundWhen countries reach the middle-income threshold, many multilateral donors, including Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi), begin to withdraw their official development assistance (ODA), known as graduation. We hypothesised that bilateral...

Risk Management Promotion and Bulgarian Farmers' Participation in the Insurance Market

Agriculture is a particularly risky business. Along with the inherently high levels of production risk, the long- term changing climate contributes to the frequency of risky events in the sector - in recent years, weather events have become more extreme, and the frequency of damage is increasing. All this raises the question of the strategies used to manage production risk in agriculture. This paper analyses the participation of Bulgarian farmers in the insurance market and the impact of policy techniques to promote this risk mitigation strategy. The share of insured holdings in the total number is evaluated by comparing on the one hand with other member states of the European Union. On the other hand, a comparison is made between different types of farms in the country. On the basis of accepted criteria for assessing the degree of realization of the objectives of the public instruments for promoting insurance, the conclusion is made that the support has an insignificant effect on agricultural holdings in the country.

Investigation of the Influence of Ionization Radiation on Glassy Carbon Coatings, after Long Stay in the Outer Space on the International Space Station (ISS)

In this study two types of samples of spectrally pure graphite, compacted and coated with glassy carbon, were analyzed with liquid scintillation spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). “Space” sample has been sent in outer space on the surface of ISS for 28 months. “Space” sample is compared with “reference” sample, made of the same material, but stored on Earth for the same period.
 Radiation environment data were collected using R3DR2-Lyulin instrument, located in the outer space very close to the samples, in the same module of ISS. The effect of cosmic radiation leads to slight increase of 14C content, detected by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
 SEM and thermal test using XRD did not show any noticeable changes in terms of structure and phase composition. This confirms the high degree of reliability of this material under significantly milder operating conditions in Earth orbit.

Changes in emergency department use associated with Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act: A comparison of waiver and traditional expansion states.

To determine whether changes in emergency department use associated with Medicaid expansions differed between states undergoing waiver and traditional expansions. Design: This study was a cross-sectional difference-in-difference and event studies of Medicaid Expansion among states that expanded during or after 2014. Setting: We used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey from all 50 United States and the District of Columbia from 2010 to 2016. Participants: Adults aged 19-65 years with incomes <138% of the federal poverty level were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Main outcomes were self-reported emergency department (ED) utilization in the last 12 months. Individuals in states across all expansion types were not more likely to report any ED use in the previous year (2.8 percentage point increase [0.0-5.5], P=0.052) but were more likely to report visiting an ED 2 times or more in the previous year (2.0 [0.0-4.1], P=0.049) than those in non-expansion states. Individuals in states undergoing traditional expansions likewise were not more likely to report any ED use (2.2 [-0.7 to 1.5], P=0.136) but were more likely to report visiting an ED 2 times or more in the previous year (2.3 [0.1-4.4], P=0.038). Conversely, individuals in waiver states were more likely to report increase in any ED use (5.6 [0.3-11.0], P=0.038), but were not more likely to report use of EDs 2 times or more in the previous year (0.8 [-3.2-4.9], P=0.688). The differences between traditional and waiver states in any ED use and ED use 2 times or more in the previous 12 months were not statistically significant (P=0.215 and P=0.501, respectively). Three years after expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, there is little evidence of differences between traditional and waiver expansion states in changes in any ED use or intensive ED use. Future studies should investigate longer term changes in ED use.

Last Glacial – Holocene variability of the European Slope Current, NE Atlantic

The upper branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the mid-latitudes of the Northeast Atlantic remains poorly studied. This study provides a complete overview of the glacial, deglacial and Holocene dynamics of the easternmost portion of the AMOC upper branch, namely the European Slope Current (ESC) and its glacial equivalent known as the Glacial Eastern Boundary Current (GEBC). This is achieved through the study of the sediment core SU81–44 retrieved from the southern Bay of Biscay (BoB) (∼1000 m water depth), and by using a multiproxy approach (i.e. benthic foraminiferal assemblage, grain size proxies, oxygen and carbon stable isotopes, and neodymium isotopic composition of foraminiferal shells). During the glacial period and the onset of the deglaciation, the grain size proxies at SU81–44 fluctuate significantly. These fluctuations are coherent with changes in relative densities of benthic foraminiferal indicator species of current strength and ventilation, thus highlighting significant changes in the GEBC vigor through time. The SU81–44 data confirm the Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadial/faster-stadial/slower flow pattern previously observed in northern BoB. Our results also provide new constraints on the strength of the slope current during the late deglaciation and Holocene period with a significant reinvigoration of the ESC, and by extension the upper branch of the AMOC during the Bølling-Allerød warming. This seems to confirm the crucial role of the ESC in deep water formation at high northern latitudes, as it is the case today. Finally, our data show a progressive weakening of the ESC during the Holocene. We hypothesize a link with a long-term decrease in the density gradient between low and high latitudes that can be attributed to long term changes in insolation and the strength of the subpolar gyre dynamics.

Penguatan 5 Pilar dalam Upaya Penurunan Stunting di Kelurahan Simokerto Kota Surabaya

The purpose of this study is to find out the five pillars in efforts to reduce stunting in Simokerto Village, Surabaya City. Research data collection using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The targets of the EMAS Stunting Village Thematic KKN are brides-to-be, pregnant women, postpartum mothers and Baduta and toddlers. The results showed that there were 5 pillars of cultivation carried out by each "Golden Village" group in each village. Pillar 1 in the form of increasing village government commitment and leadership has activities in the form of collecting village commitments related to accelerating stunting reduction through the FGD forum. Pillar 2 related to strengthening and developing systems, data, information, and research has activities to collect and analyze demographic data related to stunting, assistance in stunting surveillance and growth and development, assistance in Rumah DataKu, and assistance in auditing stunting cases. Pillar 3 discusses communication of behavior change and community empowerment in terms of nutrition, healthy behavior, mutual assistance, and independence which has activities including training and education based on nutrition and health behavior change, development of nutrition and health education media. Pillar 4 is on the convergence of specific and sensitive interventions through a quality family village approach with programs implemented in the form of situation analysis related to hygiene and sanitation as well as the availability of clean water, development and development of healthy environments, and clean water surveys. Pillar 5 discusses food security at the individual, family, and community levels through optimizing the use of local food ingredients with activities in the form of local food potential map analysis, food consumption surveys, and market surveys. The implementation of the five pillars is carried out in Simokerto Village well and is adjusted to the needs of the relevant village.

Curriculum Changes in Terms of Accreditation: An Example of Public Relations Education

Müfredat yükseköğretimde eğitim programının temel taşıdır ve öğrencilerin bilgi, beceri ve değerlerini şekillendirmede kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Müfredat, yükseköğrenimdeki eğitim hedeflerini belirlemenin bir yolu, öğrencilerin belli bir dönem boyunca nasıl gelişmelerini sağlayacaklarına dair bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Derslerin sıralaması, içeriği, sınavlar, ödevler ve performans ölçütleri, öğrencilerin ne kadar bilgi ve beceri kazandıklarını değerlendirmek müfredatla bağlantılıdır. Müfredatın etkin bir şekilde tasarlanması ve güncel tutulması, yükseköğretim kurumlarının başarısını ve mezunlarının niteliklerini etkilemektedir. Akreditasyon, bir üniversite bölümünün veya programının kalitesini ve uygunluğunu değerlendiren ve onaylayan bir dış denetim sürecini ifade etmektedir. Dolayısıyla yükseköğretim kurumları açısından akreditasyon kurumların sunduğu eğitimin kalite standartlarının yükseltilmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Akreditasyon uygulamalarının en çok üzerinde durduğu konuların başında müfredat gelmekte olup müfredatın paydaş istek ve beklentileri doğrultusunda güncellenmesi yoluna gidilmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma akredite olan halkla ilişkiler bölümlerini konu almakta ve bölümlerin müfredatlarının akreditasyon dolayısıyla ne ölçüde değişime uğradığını tespit etmektir. Araştırma, Türkiye’deki tüm halkla ilişkiler bölümlerinin müfredatlarının içerik analizi ile incelenmesi yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Akredite olan ve olmayan bölümler arasında karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiş olup değişimin ne ölçüde ve ne yönde olduğu anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Deciphering the evolvement of microbial communities from hydrothermal vent sediments in a global change perspective

Microbial communities first respond to changes of external environmental conditions. Observing the microbial responses to environmental changes in terms of taxonomic and functional biodiversity is therefore of great interest, particularly in extreme environments, where the already extreme conditions can become even harsher. In this study, sediment samples from three different shallow hydrothermal vents in Levante Bay (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Islands, Italy) were used to set up microcosm experiments with the aim to explore the microbial dynamics under changing conditions of pH and redox potential over a 90-days period. The leading hypothesis was to establish under microcosm conditions whether the starting microbial communities of the sediments evolved differently depending on their origin. To profile the dynamics of microbial populations over time, biodiversity, enzymatic profile, total cell abundance estimations, total/respiring cell ratio were estimated by using different approaches. An evident change in the microbial community structure was observed, mainly in the microcosm containing the sediment from the most acidified site, which was characterized by a highly diversified microbial community (in prevalence composed of Thermotoga, Desulfobacterota, Planctomycetota, Synergistota and Deferribacterota). An increase in microbial resistant forms (e.g., spore-forming species) with anaerobic metabolism was detected in all experimental conditions. Differential physiological responses characterized the sedimentary microbial communities. Proteolytic activity appeared to be stimulated under microcosm conditions, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly depressed at low pH values, like those that were measured at the station showing intermediate pH-conditions. The results confirmed a differential response of microbial communities depending on the starting environmental conditions.

Exploring the Effects of Laser Surface Modification on AISI 301LN Steel: A Micro-Mechanical Study

This article investigates the surface hardening capability of a metastable austenitic TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) stainless steel, particularly on AISI 301LN, by laser texturing. This technology produces microstructural surface changes in terms of both phase transformation and grain size modification and, as a direct consequence, the laser influences the surface characteristics, mainly hardness and roughness. In this sense, the key parameters (laser power, scanning speed and position of the focal length) were investigated by using a Design of Experiments (DoE) in detail to better understand the correlation between texturing parameters, microstructural and mechanical changes, always at the superficial level. From all the aforementioned information, the results show that the maximum surface hardening is obtained by increasing the laser power and decreasing the scanning speed. Furthermore, by reducing the focal distance, the depth of the microstructural evolution layer is more significant, while the width is less affected. Finally, a suitable model was developed to correlate the processing parameters here investigated with the resulting surface integrity, in terms of mechanical properties, by means of a regression equation.

Seedling establishment in a deciduous and an evergreen oak under simulated climate change

Climate change constitutes a major threat to global biodiversity and to the success of natural and assisted tree regeneration. Oaks are among the most emblematic tree species in the Northern Hemisphere, so it is crucial to understand the impact of changing climate on seedling recruitment and early development. In this study, we investigated the effect of air warming on the early development of one deciduous species – Quercus faginea – and one evergreen species – Quercus ilex subsp. ballota. Acorns of both species were seeded in an alluvial valley in southern Spain and subjected to an air warming treatment with Open-Top Chambers (OTC), which increased air temperature by 2 °C. We monitored seedling emergence, growth, chlorophyll concentration, and mortality in the first growing season. The simulated climate change treatment accelerated plant emergence in early spring, reduced spring shoot growth, and increased mortality from ∼ 23 % in control plots to ∼ 40 % inside OTCs. Although Q. ilex and Q. faginea are sympatric species, Q. faginea showed lower performance under simulated climate change in terms of growth. In addition, acorn fresh weight was positively related with the probability and speed of emergence (only for Q. faginea), seedling size, and relative chlorophyll content, and plants that emerged earlier had a greater likelihood of surviving. In short, larger acorns partly counter-balanced the negative impact of temperature increase on plants. This study highlights the importance of understanding plant response to climate change both to forecast potential changes in species composition and to choose adequate species and traits such as acorn size in restoration projects.

The socioeconomic impact of severe droughts on agricultural lands over different provinces of Iran

The lack of rainfall is the primary cause of drought, reduced crop harvest (CH), and socioeconomic drought. Agriculture is the primary source of income for most Iranians, and drought can harm people's lives irreparably. This study examines the changes in the CHs and crop prices (CPs) across provinces of Iran during the most severe drought of all time in Iran and its impact on producers (farmers), consumers, and public prosperity using the Surplus Economic Method (SEM). Our study focused on crops that have a big impact on Iranian life, such as wheat, barley, potato, onion, tomato, lentils, chickpeas, and alfalfa. Our results indicated that Iran's most severe hydrological drought occurred from 2000 to 2002. The rainfed farms experienced the most pronounced changes in terms of CH, while financial damages were the highest in irrigated areas. Among the crops investigated, rainfed wheat has experienced the greatest reduction of 80%. Moreover, grains have the greatest price change (40% increase) during the hydrological drought. Wheat underwent the steepest CH reduction. Legumes experienced the steepest price rise. During the drought, most crops had lower yields, causing losses for consumers, but some producers still made a profit. The drought affected northwest and west Iran farmers adversely, but southern and central Iran farmers gained from the drought through increased product prices. Drought has had adverse effects on the public prosperity for most of the examined crops and reduced it. The greatest reduction corresponds to barley in the western regions and the Zagros Mountains. The diversity of crops in northwestern and western Iran has made these regions the most important areas for farming and crop supply in Iran. Agricultural droughts in these regions can affect the lives of all Iranian people and lead to socioeconomic drought in Iran. Our study demonstrated that hydrological droughts in northwestern and western areas of Iran are chiefly caused by the shortage of winter and spring rains. Moreover, Identifying the primary factors of hydrological drought showed that the hydrological drought is most affected by the depth of snow during winter. Additionally, the data analysis revealed that the combined effect of winter precipitation with snow depth and snow depth with snow coverage has the highest impact on hydrological drought (61%). The results can make farming policies based on the region and climate, marketing plans for droughts, and solutions to address the harmful effects of drought.

Cell Count and Cell Density Decrease as Age Increases in Cadaveric Pediatric Medial Menisci

To examine the histologic changes in terms of cellularity, cell density, and nuclear shape in medial meniscal cellularity during skeletal development using pediatric cadaver specimens. Medial menisci from 26 pediatric cadavers, 11 female and 15 male (total 36 menisci), were obtained from tissue bank. Mean age of female donors was 34 months (1-108 months) and of male donors was 52 months (1-132 months). Menisci were processed and embedded in paraffin blocks. Each tissue block containing 6 representative areas of meniscus (anterior root, anterior horn, body [n= 2], posterior horn, and posterior root) was sectioned at 4 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for evaluation of chondrocyte nuclei. Each of the 6 representative areas was imaged at 10×; one image on peripheral one-third of section, the second image on central two-thirds of the section. FIJI imaging software was used to measure cell count, cell density, and nuclear morphology (1= perfect circle). Data analysis included linear mixed models, Type II analysis of variance tests, and pairwise tests with the Tukey correction to assess statistical significance. Peripheral meniscus was more cellular than central meniscus. The cell count was found to decrease by 14% per year of age. Peripheral cell count decreased at a rate similar to the cell count in the central meniscus. Meniscal cell density was 2× higher peripherally than centrally. Overall average cell density in all locations in the menisci decreased by an average of 14% per year of age. The results of this study reveal decreases in cell count, cell density, and circularity as age increases in cadaveric pediatric medial menisci. To better understand the development of pediatric menisci at a cellular level and use this knowledge in the future on how to maintain the menisci in a younger, healthier state.

METAVERSE AND HEALTHCARE SECTOR

From the past to the present, many concepts have evolved into a new look by undergoing radical changes with the technology that has reached dimensions that cannot be taken by the human mind. In the health sector, technological devices are as important as human resources in diagnosis and treatment. Metaverse technology also emerges as one of the important changes in terms of technological developments. Metaverse technology, which radically changes the perception of reality, shows itself in many different areas. These areas include the health sector. With the COVID-19 pandemic, radical changes have occurred in the field of health. The difficulties that have arisen in an extreme situation such as the pandemic have limited the living conditions that people are used to, the services and opportunities they can access. The use of technology has created new opportunities and ideas for overcoming barriers and limitations. Thus, the interest in the concept of metaverse, which is the product of a technological development, has started to rise. In this study, in which the concept of metaverse in the field of health is discussed; The development of the metaverse from past to present and its role in the field of health are included, and its applications in the health sector are also discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of Metaverse are examined and suggestions for the future are given. Health systems where metaverse and virtual reality technologies are made available; It can be said that they will be ahead in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, in surgical operations, and in the education sector, which includes medicine-dentistry-nursing. It is thought that countries that develop the concept of metaverse in an integrated way with the ever-evolving technology and integrate their infrastructure will make a name for themselves in the future and potentially gain advantages.

Power structures in economics and society: Some remarks on the future of non-mainstream economics

Economic approaches that emphasize power dynamics in the political economy or rely on a non-mathematical, non-positivistic, pluralistic methodology are either almost marginalized in (heterodoxy) or excluded from (transdisciplinary non-mainstream) the field of economics. Relying on a combination of the Discursive Political Economy of Economics and a critical sociology of economic knowledge, this article gives a sociological explanation of these paradigmatic conditions and the related future prospects of non-mainstream research within economics in Germany, by incorporating social theory, discourse, and power analysis, and philosophy of science. In doing so, the article argues for a special role of economics in the political economy, which is associated with a legitimatizing and economic-knowledgeproducing function for non-epistemic issues. In a dialectic understanding of society and science, the implementation of classification rankings such as rankings and of a pyramidal hierarchy of publications is viewed as the disciplinary response to its social role. This results in an unequal distribution of power in the field of economics in Germany. The article concludes that a pluralistic change in modern economics cannot be expected, as long there is no social change in terms of the interconnection between the two demands for academic reputation and economic knowledge.

Withdrawal from 3-Fluoroethamphetamine induces hyperactivity and depression-like behaviors in male mice.

3-Fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) belongs to the amphetamine class of stimulant drugs and functions as a releasing agent for the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 3-FEA acts on the central nervous system and elicits physical and mental side effects, such as euphoria, increased heart rate, and excitement. However, little is known about the withdrawal symptoms and behavioral changes induced by 3-FEA administration. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term consequences of 3-FEA administration (twice a day, 7 days, i.p.; 1 and 10 mg/kg) in C57BL/6J mice (male, 7 weeks old) at three behavioral levels following 1-4 days of withdrawal. The evaluation included (1) withdrawal score, (2) hyperactivity (open field [OF], elevated plus maze [EPM], and cliff avoidance [CA] test), and (3) depression-like behavior (forced-swim test). In the withdrawal score test, withdrawal behavior increased in all 3-FEA groups at 16 and 40 h after withdrawal. In the OF, EPM, and CA tests, the 3-FEA administration group showed significant changes in terms of hyperactivity. In addition, in the forced-swim test, both the 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg 3-FEA groups showed increased immobility time. These findings indicate that 3-FEA administration may lead to physical dependence, demonstrated by the withdrawal score increase and significant changes in hyperactivity and depression-like behavior following repeated administration and drug cessation. In conclusion, this study reveals the adverse consequences of 3-FEA administration and highlights the need for awareness raising and regulatory action to control the use of this new psychoactive substance.