Terms Of Changes Research Articles

Challenges and Opportunities of Domestic Violence in Nyeri County, Kenya

For many years, domestic violence has been stereotyped as violence against women and girls, with men as perpetrators. However, in recent times, men have also become victims. Domestic violence is a violation of human rights and should not be condoned. Nyeri County has experienced tremendous development and, therefore, changes in terms of education, occupation, and economic activities, making it one of the richest counties in Kenya. With these changes in society, there is a high level of education, strong cultural adjustments, and economic endowment, and the expectation is that there should be harmony in the homes. To the contrary, there is a lot of domestic violence, as captured by scholars and the media. The objective of the study was to assess the challenges and opportunities resulting from domestic violence in Nyeri County, Kenya. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. The study was underpinned by the frustration-aggression theory and the social learning theory. Descriptive and evaluative research designs were used. The study was conducted in Nyeri County, which has a population of 759,164. The study used random, purposive, convenience, and census sampling techniques. The following respondents were sampled to participate in the study: 384 household heads, 12 assistant chiefs, 15 police officers, 30 religious leaders, 12 NGOs/CBOs, 3 sub-county administrators, and 20 village elders. The primary methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 25 to give frequency distributions, means, and percentages, and findings were presented using tables, graphs, and charts. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic narrations, and findings were presented using narrations and descriptions. Challenges to domestic violence include a lack of political will (16%), modernity (15%), the influence of social media (20%), societal victimisation (29%), and high poverty levels (20%). There are some opportunities for enhancing the resolution of domestic violence, such as boosting moral values, strengthening the justice system, enacting social programmes and sensitization, and providing psychosocial support. The study recommends that the government, civil society, and the general public should work together to end domestic violence in the county, as it is a major threat to human rights.

Comparative Analysis of Social Policy Studies

While social policy refers to measures taken by society to improve and provide services to meet health and welfare needs, social policy studies are concerned with aspects of public policy, market transactions, personal consumption and interpersonal relationships that contribute to the well-being or wealth of individuals and/or groups. There has been an increase in the number of studies in the field of social policy. The main purpose of this study is to show how the research papers published in this field have undergone an evolutionary change in terms of emphasis. With 4,697 articles from seven different journals over 50 years, the most influential authors in the field, the impact of journals, the most collaborating countries, the evolutionary process of social policy studies in three different periods and the differences in transformations in this process are revealed. The number of studies making a general evaluation in the field of social policy is limited. The originality of the study shows how the studies in the journals, which are seen as a period of approximately 50 years, have transformed in this process. This study is expected to be a road map for researchers on what areas they will focus on according to the social policy transformation.

Stakeholder perceptions on climate change impacts and adaptation actions in Greece

The scientific evidence clearly demonstrates that human activity plays a significant role in the changes to the world's climate, and it is crucial to take adaptive actions to mitigate the impacts of these changes. Effective climate adaptation requires raising awareness among a variety of key stakeholders, such as executives and staff in the public and private sectors, while assessing the incentives and actions they undertake and allowing them to act at various levels of engagement, ranging from global to local. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of awareness, perceived values, recommendations and expectations regarding climate change among key actors in Greece, focusing on the consequences of climate change in the country and the concurrent adaptation actions taken by stakeholders. A web-based survey was designed and conducted, and responses were systematically collected, categorized and analyzed. The key stakeholders believed that planning and implementing adaptation measures are crucial in addressing and minimizing the impacts of climate change. However, it was also noted that these plans and measures alone are insufficient to counteract the long-term, devastating consequences of climate change in Greece, and more comprehensive and targeted measures must be adopted. It was also concluded that the main obstacle to addressing and adapting to climate change in terms of public policy planning in Greece is the lack of human and financial resources, particularly among public institutions.

Response of two selected river basins from Eastern and Western Himalayan regions to climate change in terms of streamflow and snow parameters

Response of two selected river basins from Eastern and Western Himalayan regions to climate change in terms of streamflow and snow parameters

Strengthening the Role of Higher Education in Reducing Stunting Prevention in North Sumatra

Indonesia has established specific objectives aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Program for the year 2030 in the domain of public health. These objectives primarily focus on enhancing nutritional standards and overall health quality as a means of addressing the prevailing issue of stunting. The attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitates proactive preparation and effective coordination across various sectors. In the past two decades, progress in addressing the issue of stunting has been notably sluggish. On a global scale, there has been a mere 0.6% annual reduction in the prevalence of stunted growth among children since 1999. According to projections, if the current trend persists, it is anticipated that in 15 years, approximately 450 million children will be affected by growth retardation or stunting. It is hypothesized that the lack of cross-sectoral roles in preventing stunting is the causative factor. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the role through convergence actions in order to expedite the reduction of stunting. The role of higher education involves implementing a mentoring strategy for both educators and engaging students in the Program to Accelerate the Reduction of Stunting at 10 locations in the Labuhan Batu district. This program adopts a five-pillar approach, which includes: (1) enhancing the commitment and leadership of the Village/Kelurahan Government, (2) strengthening and developing systems, data, information, research, and innovation, (3) promoting behavior change and community empowerment in terms of nutrition, healthy behavior, cooperation, and self-reliance, (4) implementing specific and sensitive interventions through a stunting caring family approach, and (5) ensuring food security at the individual, family, and community levels by optimizing the utilization of local food ingredients. The factors that promote the implementation of convergence initiatives to expedite the reduction of stunting encompass the government's dedication, alongside the engagement of diverse stakeholders from both the healthcare and non-healthcare domains.

Pedagogical Reasoning for Speaking Instruction: A Longitudinal Study of Novice Language Teachers’ Cognition

Pedagogical reasoning, as one of the major components of teacher knowledge base, is crucially important in teacher education. Motivated by the dearth of research in this area, this study investigated the pedagogical reasoning of four novice language teachers in relation to speaking instruction in order to further our understanding of language teacher cognition. For this purpose, a qualitative approach was adopted and classroom observations and post-observation stimulated recall interviews were conducted over a period of eight months. The analysis of the data related to pedagogical reasoning episodes and reasoning complexity indicated that novice teachers employed varied pedagogical arguments for different aspects of teaching speaking to justify their pedagogical decisions, which included instruction-based, students-based, teacher-based, and context-based arguments. The findings also pointed to the developmental changes in terms of the complexity and comprehensiveness of novice teachers’ pedagogical reasoning. Although they initially tended to focus primarily on the subject matter and instructional activities, their reasoning gradually expanded to include students’ cognitive and affective characteristics. The findings of this study contribute to the research on the teacher knowledge base and cognition. Having a clear understanding of novice teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and how they utilize it to explain their classroom practices provides us with valuable insights into the process of learning to teach.

Investigation of Nd3+:Y2Si2O7 Phosphors Using Photoluminescence and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

Neodymium-doped Y2Si2O7 nanopowders were synthesized by sol-gel and annealed under varying annealing temperature conditions. The phase transformation of Y2Si2O7 and the crystalline size change were observed with annealing temperature. Photoluminescence and the decay patterns of the 4F3/2→ 4I9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2 transitions were examined to reveal the spectroscopic characteristics of the powders. The spectral outputs of Nd3+:Y2Si2O7 phosphors remain strongly connected to the phase properties of Y2Si2O7. The positron lifetimes (τ 2, τ 3, and τ 4) and intensities (I 2, I 3, and I 4) obtained by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy were discussed for neodymium-doped Y2Si2O7 phosphors to relate the structural and boundary changes in terms of the phases and molar contents of the Nd3+ ions. The τ 2 and I 2 components were related to the structural open space in the grain, the τ 3 and I 3 components were correlated with vacancy-like defects in the grain boundaries, and the τ 4 and I 4 components were associated with vacancy defects in the grain, together with the effect of the increasing content of the Nd3+ ions.

Potential benefits and risks of solar photovoltaic power plants on arid and semi-arid ecosystems: an assessment of soil microbial and plant communities.

Exponential increase in photovoltaic installations arouses concerns regarding the impacts of large-scale solar power plants on dryland ecosystems. While the effects of photovoltaic panels on soil moisture content and plant biomass in arid ecosystems have been recognized, little is known about their influence on soil microbial communities. Here, we employed a combination of quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and soil property analysis to investigate the responses of soil microbial communities to solar panel installation. We also report on the responses of plant communities within the same solar farm. Our findings showed that soil microbial communities responded differently to the shading and precipitation-alternation effects of the photovoltaic panels in an arid ecosystem. By redirecting rainwater to the lower side, photovoltaic panels stimulated vegetation biomass and soil total organic carbon content in the middle and in front of the panels, positively contributing to carbon storage. The shade provided by the panels promoted the co-occurrence of soil microbes but inhibited the abundance of 16S rRNA gene in the soil. Increase in precipitation reduced 18S rRNA gene abundance, whereas decrease in precipitation led to decline in plant aboveground biomass, soil prokaryotic community alpha diversity, and dehydrogenase activity under the panels. These findings highlight the crucial role of precipitation in maintaining plant and soil microbial diversities in dryland ecosystems and are essential for estimating the potential risks of large-scale solar power plants on local and global climate change in the long term.

통합 전환기 루마니아인의 사회 인구통계학적 추이

Today’s socio-demographic changes are based on parameters such as natural population growth rates, such as births and deaths, and migration abroad by emigration and immigration. Migration phenomena record the permanent evolution of inflows and outflows of people affected by a variety of factors. The factors that caused migration are very diverse, and depending on the era, they were influenced by social (war, invasion, and disease), natural (natural phenomena, earthquakes, floods), political (exportation), and economic (low wages, high costs, high prices, etc.) factors. Among these, economic factors, especially economic power and purchasing power, and the gap in wage levels between countries of origin and destination have the greatest influence. Migration flows from countries with low economic and purchasing power to developed countries are significant. After World War II, Romania's demographic history experienced three inflection points. The first is the temporary population increase caused by Ceausescu’s fertility policy in the 1960s and the continued decline thereafter. The second is the decline in the birth rate due to the economic situation immediately after the fall of socialism and the gradual decline in mortality due to the development of universal welfare and medical technology. The third is the ongoing change of population in the freedom of migration due to the integrated transition. Romanian international migration before 1989 is based on two mechanisms. One was permanent migration due to political and ethnic issues, and the other was temporary migration for study or employment based on an agreement between the governments of the other countries. However, since 1989, the main reasons for international migration have changed from political and racial issues to unified economic reasons. Thus, the trend of temporary migration has increased both in the number and percentage of total migrants. The world economy and Romania's integration into the EU have brought important changes in terms of economic development, purchasing power and population mobility within the EU. Migration refers to the change of residence of a person under the influence of various economic, political and social factors in relation to the country of origin or destination. During the transition to integration since 2007, international migration in Romania is characterized by two parallel trends: ‘emigration’ and ‘immigration’. The former is the emigration of Romanian citizens abroad, the latter is mainly the Republic of Moldova and foreign nationals from third countries to Romania. One of the most striking phenomena today is that the purpose of international migration is no longer driven by money or economic motives, but by various issues such as culture, education, society and health.

Global Potential Distribution of Sarcophaga dux and Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis under Climate Change

Climate change has a direct impact on biodiversity, affecting ecosystems and altering their balance. Many taxa, including insects, are likely to be affected by climate change in terms of geographic distribution. Sarcophagid flies, such as Sarcophaga dux and Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, are important flies because of their apparent ecological, forensic, and medical significance. Global habitat suitability varies as a result of climate change. In wildlife management, models that predict species’ spatial distribution are being used more and more, which emphasizes the need for reliable methods to evaluate their accuracy. Consequently, the statistical robustness of maximum entropy was implemented in Maxent to model the current and future global distribution of both flies, involving occurrence data of 155 and 87 points for S. dux and S. haemorrhoidalis, respectively. Based on the Pearson correlation and Jackknife test, five bioclimatic variables were used for current and future predictive models. For future models, two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 2.6 and 8.5, for 2050 and 2070 were applied. Both statistical parameters, AUC and TSS, were used to assess the resulting models with values equal to 0.80 (±0.01) and 0.9, respectively, for S. dux and equal to 0.86 (±0.01) and 0.92 for S. haemorrhoidalis. The resulting models for S. dux showed high and very high suitability in Europe, Tropical Africa, India, Canada, the United States from Alaska to Florida, Brazil, and Australia. In the case of S. haemorrhoidalis Europe and North and South America displayed low to medium suitability, but North Africa, including Egypt; Tropical Africa; Asia, including Saudi Arabia, India, and China; and Australia showed increased suitability. Decision-makers are put in conflict with their duties to avert destruction in the economic, medical, and ecological sectors by such anticipated models, and use these predictive models as a cornerstone for building a control strategy for such forensically important flies at local spatial scales.

Characteristics of 21st Century Education Planning

Education has a very important role in human life because without education humans will not be able to develop. At present, changes in educational patterns that occur are one of the characteristics of the globalization era known as the 21st Century. So teachers must be able to make one-step changes both in terms of methods and learning models. In dealing with changes in the education system in the 21st century, planning is certainly needed so that the process of implementing education can be truly directed. In this 21st century learning, not only by relying on the field of knowledge but the field of skills also plays a role so that teachers and students must be ready to take new steps in facing this era. The research used is using a qualitative research approach using the Library Research method (literary study) by describing articles related to education studies in the 21st century. The results of this study indicate that the development of science and technology is currently not an obstacle for teachers to be. Teachers or educators in the 21st century are expected to be able to design and plan innovative learning so as to create a comfortable atmosphere to make it easier for students to face the times and compete in the national and international arena.

Pengembangan Kecerdasan Spiritual Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pembiasaan Kegiatan Keagamaan Di TK Sokanegara

Parents think that a child's success is only seen from his intellectual success, and it is even embedded in society in general that a child will be said to be qualified if the child has good exact scores, and vice versa. Whereas in fact intelligence is not only limited to intellectual intelligence, but there are other intelligences that can be opportunities to be developed, for example spiritual intelligence.The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of spiritual intelligence in early childhood through religious habituation activities in Kindergarten Kelurahan Sokanegara. This study used a qualitative method with interview, observation and documentation collection techniques and analyzed by data analysis of the Miles and Huberman models. In this study resulted that through religious activities can develop the spiritual intelligence of early childhood challenged with the occurrence of changes (in good terms) or the development of spiritual intelligence is characterized by the tendency of children to be more calm when carrying out religious activities (the habit of praying dhuha in congregation), and also the reading of prayers becomes better because it is supported by the habit of memorizing letters, daily prayers and hadiths.

Quantification of freeze–thaw hysteresis of unfrozen water content and electrical resistivity from time lapse measurements in the active layer and permafrost

AbstractWe quantified seasonal, in‐situ variation in ground electrical resistivity, unfrozen water content, and ground temperature using daily and sub‐daily measurements in active layer and in permafrost on a high‐latitude monitoring site in West Greenland. The in‐situ unfrozen water content in a clayey soil undergoing phase change was 10% higher during freezing than during thawing at the same ground temperature, thus shifting the freezing curve parameterization seasonally. The freeze–thaw unfrozen water content hysteresis was a measurable part of the energy balance of the active layer and corresponds to 12.1% of the total yearly enthalpy change for our field site. We also observed and quantified hysteresis in the relationships between ground electrical resistivity and unfrozen water content, where the inverted resistivities during freezing in the temperature range from 0°C to approximately −4°C were up to one order of magnitude higher than during thawing at the same unfrozen water content. As a result, the petro‐physical models that uniquely derive soil unfrozen water content from bulk soil electrical resistivity measured from ground surface do not fully capture the complexity of the in‐situ processes. The hysteresis should therefore be considered in quantitative interpretation of ground resistivity changes in terms of ground temperature and ice content changes.

Does Perceived Posttraumatic Growth Predict Observed Changes in Current-Standing and State Posttraumatic Growth?

Research on posttraumatic growth has been marred by the ubiquity of retrospective perceived growth assessments that lack construct validity. However, one justification for assessing perceived growth is that such perceptions may be a catalyst for subsequent change. We examined this question using a measurement-burst design in a representative midlife sample who had experienced a major negative life event in the past year (Wave 1: N = 804). Participants completed three waves of retrospective measures of perceived growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), current-standing measures of posttraumatic growth domains, and experience-sampling assessments of state manifestations of growth-relevant domains twice a day for 3 weeks ( Nassessments = 32,099) over 6 months. In random-intercept cross-lagged panel models, perceived growth did not predict subsequent observed change in current standing or aggregated state assessments of growth. Overall, perceived growth does not appear to serve as a catalyst for positive change in the short term.

Investigation on influence of RCP-based climate scenarios on the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic changes during extreme events

The hydrodynamics and morphodynamic changes induced by climate change is a serious threat to a coastal community, in which researches are scanty. This study describes how a tropical cyclone and its associated surge, wave and morphological changes would behave in future with persistently changing Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)-based climate change scenarios. For the prediction of morphodynamics, to fully capture the tidal effects on waves and vice versa, TELEMAC-2D, TOMAWAC and SISYPHE modules are internally coupled with each other. In this study, we considered three scenarios of RCP (4.5, 6.0 and 8.5) in the Near-Future (2025–2045) and Far-Future (2065–2085). To endorse the efficacy of the model in coupled environment, the predicted wind speed, surface elevation and wave climate for an extreme event is compared with the field conditions. The result shows that, in RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 in far future, the effects of climate change in terms of maximum wind speed and maximum significant wave height increased in an order of to 10% to 15% and 9% to 14%, respectively. The effect of climate change scenarios in storm surge and current magnitudes does not follow any particular trend. The bed level changes for future scenarios (RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) in the area of assessment is doubled from the Control run. The numerical modeling results from this study conveys fresh visions about the effect of tropical cyclone on environmental parameters, in the present and future climate scenarios.

Nurse practitioner scope of practice and patient harm: Evidence from medical malpractice payouts and adverse action reports

AbstractMany states have recently changed their scope of practice laws and granted full practice authority to nurse practitioners, allowing them to practice without oversight from physicians. Physician groups have argued against this change, citing patient safety concerns. In this paper, we use a ratio‐in‐ratio approach to evaluate whether the transition to full practice authority results in harm to patients as proxied by malpractice payouts and adverse action reports against nurse practitioners. We find no evidence of such harm, and instead find that physicians may benefit from the law change in terms of reduced paid malpractice cases against them.

Comprehensive study of MWCNT and CuO/SAE50 hybrid nanofluid with experimental method and response surface methodology and introducing this nanofluid to the industry

In this study, rheological behavior of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) with MWCNT(35%)-CuO (65%) nanoparticles (NPs) in SAE50 base oil was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) and laboratory methods. Viscosity of HNF samples with solid volume fractions of SVF = 0.0625% to 1% was measured at temperatures between (T = 25–50 °C) and shear rates in the range of SR = 666.5–7998 s−1 using a Brookfield viscometer. The behavior of HNF shows non-Newtonian behavior in terms of relation between SR and shear stress (SS) in all SVFs. The relative viscosity at T = 30 °C and SVF = 1% has the highest value and is equal to + 22%. Viscosity changes in terms of temperature show that viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. The maximum viscosity difference at T = 25 °C is equal to −13.7 (-2.97). Also, to save time and reduce economic costs and check the accuracy and correctness of experimental data, it was predicted by RSM. Modeling with a three-variable mathematical relationship including T, SVF, and SR with R2 = 0.9986 coefficient was presented. After checking the viscosity with independent variables, it was determined that T effect is greater than other parameters on viscosity. Comparison results between experimental data and the proposed data show a high agreement between the predicted values.

Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials.

The effects of whitening toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite on the surfaces of restorative materials are not well known. This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of coffee-stained restorative materials after brushing with nanohydroxyapatite and other whitening toothpastes. Disc-shaped specimens were formed using microhybrid, nanohybrid, and supra-nano-filled composite (n = 30) and stained with a coffee solution. A brushing simulation was applied with toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (Dentiste Plus White), perlite (Signal White System) and hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Optic White) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Color and surface roughness measurements were taken before and after brushing. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system. Supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, and nanohybrid composite-Signal White System were the groups with the greatest color change observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. The smallest color change was seen in the microhybrid composite-Signal White System, microhybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, and nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White groups on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. No significant surface roughness changes were observed in the nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, or supra-nano-filled composite-Signal White System groups. Whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite provided a high degree of color change in the short term and did not create significant surface roughness in nanohybrid or supra-nano-filled composites.

Creative Teaching Strategies to Improve Achievement and Motivation of Higher Education Students in Indonesia

Education is a human need that must always develop according to time. The rapid development in the world of education and technology is a benchmark for the quality of increasing the achievement and motivation of higher education students in Indonesia. Therefore, to improve achievement and motivation to learn, the strategy taken is to make changes in terms of learning which is usually too menotonous now no longer, so as a lecturer must be able to create creative teaching strategies so as to improve the achievement and motivation of college students to learn even better, the strategy is to stop changing the way of learning that has been usually too monotonous. Therefore, as a lecturer must be able to develop creative teaching strategies to be able to improve student learning achievement and strengthen motivation, with a more interesting and fun learning strategy so that students are more enthusiastic about learning. The purpose of this study was to determine creative teaching strategies to improve the achievement and motivation of college students in Indonesia. This research method uses quantitative research methods, where the data is obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires online. The results showed that creative teaching strategies were able to improve student achievement and motivation. From this research, it can be concluded that the application of creative teaching strategies which aims to improve student achievement and motivation to learn has proven to be effective. The limitation of this study is that researchers can only conduct research on teaching strategies when there are many more strategies that can increase student creativity and motivation. The researcher hopes that future researchers can conduct research related to teaching strategies to increase student creativity and learning motivation but by using other strategies. This study also recommends that future researchers make this research a reference in conducting research on improving student creativity and motivation through teaching strategies.

Less Is More: When to Repeat Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

This study investigated the frequency of change of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern when the same isolate was found in the same patient in various situations. We used laboratory data collected over a period of 8 years (January 2014 to December 2021) at the clinical microbiology laboratory of a tertiary hospital for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using Vitek 2 automated system. We determined essential agreement and categorical agreement, and introduced the new terms essential MIC increase and change from nonresistant to resistant to present changes in antimicrobial susceptibility over time. During the study period, 18,501 successive AST were included. The risk for S. aureus to be resistant to any antibiotic upon repeated culture was <10% during a follow-up of 30 days. For Enterobacterales, this risk was approximately 10% during a follow-up of 7 days. For P. aeruginosa, this risk was higher. The longer the follow-up period, the higher the risk that the bacteria would show phenotypic resistance. We also found that some drug-bug combinations were more likely to develop phenotypical resistance (i.e., E. coli/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and E. coli/cefuroxime). A potential consequence of our finding is that if we regard a risk of resistance below 10% as acceptable, it may be feasible to omit follow-up AST within 7 days for the microorganisms investigated in this study. This approach saves money, time, and will reduce laboratory waste. Further studies are needed to determine whether these savings are in balance with the small possibility of treating patients with inadequate antibiotics.