Terminal Operating System Research Articles

Study on the Relationship between Port Governance and Terminal Operation System for Smart Port: Japan Case

Background: To improve port productivity, safety, and sustainability, the use of information and communication technology is being promoted as a smart port. The utilization of a terminal operation system (TOS) is important for advanced port operations, and it is necessary to organize the issues and characteristics of the TOS. Methods: The characteristics of TOSs introduced in Japan and those widely introduced in Europe and Southeast Asia will be investigated and discussed according to the port management system in Japan. Results: Japanese TOSs are characterized by a lack of automated functions, such as ship loading plans, and by the fact that they are designed to allow the crane driver to select the order of operations, which may be attributed to a system wherein stakeholders are segmented and on-site decisions are emphasized. The promotion of smart ports in Japanese-style ports requires a system for information linkage between stakeholders. Conclusions: TOS capabilities for smart ports should be implemented according to the characteristics of port management in each region, and the studies conducted in this paper are useful in examining port system implementation strategies.

Construction of power load control and management terminal operation system based on machine learning technology

With the increasing Power Load (PL), the operation of the power system is facing increasingly severe challenges. PL control is an important means to ensure the stability of power system operation and power supply quality. However, traditional PL control methods have limitations and cannot meet the requirements of load control in the new era of power systems. This is because with the development of modern industry and commerce, the demand for electricity is gradually increasing. This article constructed a PL control and management terminal operating system based on machine learning technology to achieve intelligent management of PL, so as to improve the operational efficiency and power supply quality of the power system. This article identified the design concept of a PL control management terminal operating system based on machine learning technology by reviewing the current research status of PL control technology. Based on the operational characteristics and data characteristics of the power system, this article selected suitable machine learning algorithms to process and analyze load data, and established a prototype of a PL control and management terminal operating system based on machine learning technology, so as to realize intelligent processing and analysis of load data and conduct experimental verification. The experimental results show that through the comparative study of 6 sets of data in the tertiary level, the difference between the system and the real tertiary level is 0.079 kw, 0.005 kw and 0.189 kw respectively. Therefore, therefore, the average difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the PL system is about 0.091 kw. This indicated that the system had high accuracy and real-time performance in predicting PL, which could effectively improve the load control efficiency and power supply quality of the power system. The PL control management terminal operating system based on machine learning technology constructed in this article provided new ideas and methods for the development of PL control technology. In the future, system algorithms can be further optimized and a more intelligent PL control and management terminal operating system can be constructed to cope with the growing PL and increasingly complex power system operating environment.

Strategi Pencegahan Fraud di Lingkungan Pelabuhan Indonesia

The port is the gateway to a country's economy, so the port must be clean from fraud. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy developed by Pelabuhan Indonesia to prevent fraud. The method used in this research is qualitative method with a case study approach. The results and conclusions of this study are many studies on fraud prevention in the Indonesian port environment, even though Indonesian ports are one of the entry points for global trade. Therefore, Indonesian ports need an efficient fraud prevention system. The study findings show that Indonesian ports have implemented two fraud prevention strategies. The first strategy is strengthening governance within Pelindo, which includes: a) ratifying GCG guidelines; b) carrying out the signing of an integrity pact; c) gratuity control; d) a violation reporting system called "Pelindo Bersih"; e) socializing the implementation of corporate governance; and f) strengtheningPelindo'ss SMAP. The second strategy involves digitizing services such as Vessel Management System (VMS) and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), as well as land ones such as Terminal Operating System (TOS), Multipurpose Terminal Operating System (MP-TOS), Car Terminal Operating System (CTOS), Autogate System, Single Truck Identification Data System (STID), Behandle Management System (BMS), and from the customer side such as e-Service developed into i-Hub to minimize national logistics costs, Lower the risk of fraud, and compete on a global scale.

Classification of Port Systems for Port Competitiveness

The general objective of the research was to classify port systems for competitiveness by implementation criteria, continents and port functional competitiveness indicators. This research used the qualitative approach and was applied. The thematic narrative research design due to the variety of information used in reference documents based on the topic of classifying port systems for competitiveness. A classification with 18 criteria was constructed by evaluating their fulfillment in the different port systems based on the literature reviewed. They were also classified by level of implementation, by countries in which they have been implemented, and by port competitiveness indicators. The port community and the automatic identification system are focused on improving the flow of information, while the terminal operation system, the automated gate system and the truck appointment system are focused on optimizing the operations performed at ports.

Design and Implementation of Campus Maintenance and System Repair with Integration of Mobile Technology for E-commerce

The Android mobile application terminal operating system is constantly updated and developed, as well as the continuous optimization, promotion and application of Android smart phones and continuous updating of software technology, coupled with the continuous promotion of digital information engineering construction in various industries, the widespread use of smart phones, Android has gradually been hailed as a mobile application terminal and operating system with the largest number of users in the world. This system studies the design and implementation of the campus maintenance and system repair based on mobile technology. The purpose is to help the schools manage better and it allows students to participate more actively in the construction of the campus, and at the same time it provides teachers and students with a relaxed and happy lifestyle on campus. This article describes UI design and operations that can be used to maintain and repair Android phones on campus, including implementing the main interface, using controls, program operation, and resolving abnormal situations. The development of this system can bring more enthusiasm and good experience to users.

Enhancing Container Vessel Arrival Time Prediction through Past Voyage Route Modeling: A Case Study of Busan New Port

Container terminals are at the center of global logistics, and are highly dependent on the schedule of vessels arriving. Conventional ETA records from ships, utilized for terminal berth planning, lack sufficient accuracy for effective plan implementation. Thus, there is a pressing need for improved ETA prediction methods. In this research, we propose a novel approach that leverages past voyage route patterns to predict the ETA of container vessels arriving at a container terminal at Busan New Port, South Korea. By modeling representative paths based on previous ports of call, the method employs real-time position and speed data from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to predict vessel arrival times. By inputting AIS data into segmented representative routes, optimal parameters yielding minimal ETA errors for each vessel are determined. The algorithm’s performance evaluation during the modeling period demonstrates its effectiveness, achieving an average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of approximately 3 h and 14 min. These results surpass the accuracy of existing ETA data, such as ETA in the Terminal Operating System and ETA in the AIS of a vessel, indicating the algorithm’s superiority in ETA estimation. Furthermore, the algorithm consistently outperforms the existing ETA benchmarks during the evaluation period, confirming its enhanced accuracy.

Examining ICT Innovation for Sustainable Terminal Operations in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the Port of Radès in Tunisia

There is a lack of technology innovation studies in the maritime sector focusing on developing countries. Generally, these countries present various limitations due to their own social, economic, and political contexts. Moreover, the lack of leadership support, stakeholder involvement, training, resources, and financial and academic support affects successful implementation of technological innovation. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the maritime sector and port companies of developing countries by investigating the impact of an ICT solution on port operations from berth to gate through yard operations. Our case study consists of the implementation of a Terminal Operating System (TOS) in the Port of Radès, the main port in Tunisia. An examination of the port operations before and after the implementation of the TOS is carried out. Then, the effects of TOS implementation on terminal operations are studied through a survey based on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and submitted to managers of three port stakeholders. Key findings indicate that TOS allows an increase in the level of productivity from the quay crane to the gate, allowing decisions to be made based on real-time data and ensuring that the terminal is operating at its full potential. More specifically, berthing and delivery service times are improved thanks to the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the streamlining of the gate and yard activities system. The results also indicate that reputation is progressively improving due to the ability to locate and monitor hazardous goods flowing through the port, and the ability to dispatch engine movement inside the port using the new terminal layout. However, in contrast with the port authority, the results highlight a lack of adaptability on the part of the stevedoring company, which requires time to progressively adapt to the new rules and constraints.

Peninjauan Terhadap Implementasi Sistem TOS Nusantara di Area Tanjung Priok

This study aims to find out from a review of the effective implementation of TOS NUSANTARA in the Tanjung Priuk 2 area. The research method used is a qualitative and descriptive research method where research is on observation and observation in the Pier Area 009 Tanjung Priok 1 which has implemented the TOS NUSANTARA system and solved a problem because the TOS NUSANTARA system has not been used in the Tanjung Priok 2 Domestic Area. TOS is an application system that operates Container Terminals. The system regulated in the TOS (Terminal Operating System) can view data online and in real time. The purpose of the TOS system is to manage the planning of goods, tools and all facilities used in all activities at the port efficiently and effectively. Terminal Operating Systems often use other technologies.

Samudera Ports Digital Transformation Development Strategy Through the Implementation of ETOS (Electronic Terminal Operating System)

Samudera Indonesia is a shipping and logistic company in Indonesia that actively engaged in adapting digitalization in its various business activities. One of the digitalization efforts carried out is by implementing ETOS (Electronic Terminal Operating System) in Samudera Ports business line. This study aims to study the Samudera Ports business model, analyze the business model change approach strategy and develop a digital transformation roadmap on the Samudera Ports business model. This qualitative research contains 5 variables: Digital Reality, Digital Ambition, Digital Potential, Digital Fit, and Digital Implementation. Digital transformation process started by the phase when Samudera Ports is still running a manual business model. Digitalization through the implementation of ETOS is able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the four core terminal activities: Receiving, Delivering, Loading and Discharge. Changes in the business model with ETOS affect the Customer Dimension, Benefit Dimension, Value Added Dimension, Partner Dimension, and Financial Dimension. The main objective of digital transformation is to achieve a more effective, efficient and environmentally friendly business model. Digital transformation begins with problems that occured in port operational activities and benchmarking to overseas modern ports. Digitization is adjusted to each port’s capability. The management of Samudera Ports directly handles system education for both internal and external parties. This is intended to create an ideal reciprocal relationship and minimize errors or failures in the implementation of ETOS. Samudera Ports management implements the changes approach strategy with 3 stages of changing management: Unfreeze stage where Samudera Ports realizes the need for a system to overcome the problems, the second stage is Change, where Samudera Ports establishes the policies in the implementation of ETOS. Next, the Refreeze stage where the ETOS-based business model is standardized and used as the standard for Samudera Ports port business.

Container terminal daily gate in and gate out forecasting using machine learning methods

Container throughput is an essential indicator for measuring the container terminal’s efficiency. Gate in and gate out containers are the containers that are transported to and transported out of the terminal respectively. Containers are stacked in the container yard before they leave the terminal. Handling of these containers accounts for a major workload at the terminal. Therefore, accurate short-term forecasting of the daily gate in and gate out containers at a container terminal is critical for operational planning. While most forecasts are made for the strategical level of the overall container throughput, this paper focuses on the daily gate in and gate out container quantities with a case study of Ningbo Zhoushan Port Beilun Second Container Terminal. Traditional approaches are mainly time series prediction algorithms that purely rely on the previously observed values. This paper proposes a novel decomposition-ensemble methodology framework which first divides the daily forecasting into a group of forecasting on a set of vessels which arrive in a certain time range around the predicted day. A novel machine learning method, “Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost)”, is used for the vessel level of forecasting, where some temporal-related features of vessels are considered in the model. We then ensemble the predicated value of all vessels in the set as the total gate in/out amount for a day. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves notable performance gains compared to the time series-based method ARIMA. In addition, the results of this new technology can be fed into the terminal operating system (ToS) in the Ningbo Beilun container terminal for better management. Specifically, the prediction results facilitate effective real-time decision-making for operational management and policy drafting, such as workload planning, equipment scheduling, yard planning, etc.

Research on the Beibu Gulf Port Container Terminal Operation System Construction Performance Evaluation Based on the AISM-ANP

With the continuous development of smart ports, the construction of port information systems has become the construction focus of the future development of such ports. However, the existing performance evaluation system for port information systems represents a research gap. It cannot effectively achieve specific improvement in the construction of information systems for port services and capabilities. In this paper, an evaluation index system was forged from the three perspectives of the operating level, management capability, and economic efficiency. As a first step, starting from the current situation of Beibu Gulf Port (Port B) construction, the three dimensions of the evaluation index system were determined using the scheme of literature review, questionnaire research, and fieldwork. Additionally, through adversarial interpretive structural modeling (AISM), it is concluded that the port loading and unloading operation capability and service level are the fundamental factors for measuring the construction performance of the container terminal operation system (CTOS). The results are used as input to construct an analytic network process (ANP) model to obtain the index weights. Finally, the gray clustering method (GCM) is introduced to construct a quantitative evaluation model to quantitatively evaluate the construction performance of the Port B CTOS. The quantitative benefits brought by the construction of the CTOS are finally verified. The scores of the corresponding dimensions of the port before and after the construction of the CTOS system in Beibu Gulf Port are obtained experimentally. The conclusion shows that the construction of CTOS makes the port operating level module improve the most, from 40.023 to 70.733 points; at the same time, it is found that two aspects, i.e., green security and economic benefits, in current construction are directions requiring further work in future port construction. Finally, a visualized quantitative analysis and evaluation method for the performance of smart port construction is proposed.

Analysis of Economic Feasibility and Application of Discharge· Load Crane Automation System in Container Terminals

Purpose Recently, the increase in the volume of cargo at container terminals is accelerating. Amid this, container terminals are spurring automation due to COVID 19 and cargo enlargement. Design/Methodology/Approach Container terminals propose cost saving and the service quality improvement competitively by improving the efficiency of the terminal operating system, adjusting the loading and unloading cost compared to other competitors, and providing differentiated ancillary services, and they seek various methods to attract cargo and prevent the deviation of existing customers. Findings This study conducted the economic feasibility analysis through container number recognition based on container number recognition process, algorithm, a Tos system, and loading and unloading hardware application method, and in the case of a Discharge·Load crane manual system, the B/C ratio is 0.8 as a result of cost benefit analysis, and the value is less than 1. The net current value analysis showed the input amount by the net current value is about 33.6 billion Won, while the collection amount is about -8.2 billion Won. The internal rate of return (IRP) is estimated to be 8, which is smaller than 10%, the social discount rate. Therefore, if the container terminals are operated with the Discharge·Load crane manual system, the result value shows the economic feasibility is short if the Discharge·Load crane automation system B/C ratio is 1.6 as a result of cost benefit analysis, and the value is more than 1. The net current value analysis showed the input amount by the net current value is about 33.8 billion Won, while the collection amount is about 19.9 billion Won. The internal rate of return is estimated to be 12, which is bigger than 10%, the social discount rate. Therefore, if the container terminals are operated with the Discharge·Load crane automation system, the result value shows economic feasibility exists. Research Implications In conclusion, if the Discharge·Load crane manual system is used, the result value shows the economic feasibility is short while if the Discharge·Load crane automation system is adopted, the result value shows economic feasibility.

Manajemen Pelayanan Penumpang Di Terminal Bus

This paper is to find out the use of bus terminals in serving passengers by using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and using data collection techniques with interviews, 13 informants with research results Bus terminal utilization of passenger services namely Determining Terminal Locations, arranging terminal supporting facilities, Flow arrangement traffic in the terminal supervision area, scheduling of officers in the terminal and evaluation of the terminal operating system. Obstacles encountered in passenger service to the effectiveness of using bus terminals include traffic facilities and infrastructure are still limited, traffic management has not functioned optimally, passenger public transport services are inadequate. Efforts carried out in the service effectiveness of bus terminal utilization on passenger services, namely Improving the waiting area service and the flow of public vehicles within the terminal, improving service in the arrival and departure of vehicles according to a predetermined schedule, Collecting passenger terminal services and Increasing the current flow settings crossing in the terminal surveillance area

Study on Distributed Consistent Cooperative Control of Multi-ART in Automated Container Terminals

In order to address the congestion problem of vehicles in quay of automated container terminal with parallel layout and side-loading operations, the study regards the terminal operation system as a multi-agent system (MAS), and proposes a dynamic cooperative speed control schema of multi-ART(Artificial Intelligence Robot of Transportation, ) for the purpose of smart and distributed traffic control of container terminals. Via the real-time data interchange and message passing with ART group, the individual ART implements the collaborative speed regulation with the combination of the dynamic speed regulation strategy, so as to adjust the sequence of ARTs arriving at the quay which can decrease the waiting time of ARTs at the quay. Considering the consistency problem of individual and group agent among the dynamic speed regulation of ARTs, a novel distributed consensus protocol is established to assure that the individual status of ART will tend to converge basically during the collaborative speed regulation process, and the convergence of system can be guaranteed. Based on the case of automated container terminal of Tianjin Port, the paper establishes a multi-agent based simulation model, and simulates the decision-making process, and validates the effectiveness of mentioned model and strategy. The results demonstrate that the strategy can decrease the waiting time of ARTs under uncertainty environment of port and improve the operation efficiency of system.

Machine learning methods for predicting marine port accidents: a case study in container terminal

ABSTRACT Rapid changes in voyage orders and increased container throughput could lead to undesirable situations such as incidents or accidents in maritime ports. As the demand for maritime transport grows, historical accident reports and data-driven approaches could help to achieve safer and quicker door-to-door transportation. In this scope, the cargo operation data retrieved from the terminal operating system and accident reports are analysed using machine learning classification methods for two sample maritime container terminals located in Turkey. The calculation of accident prediction is studied with features such as vessel capacity, weather information, and cargo handling time. As a validation process, the second container terminal data is used for predicting operation-related accidents. The findings show that XGBoost, LightGBM, and KNN algorithms performed accident prediction with precision metrics of 0.98 for Terminal B and over 0.99–1 for Terminal A amongst the other machine learning classification methods for one-day intervals.

Conformance Checking of Dwelling Time Using a Token-based Method

Background: Standard operating procedure (SOP) is a series of business activities to achieve organisational goals, with each activity carried to be recorded and stored in the information system together with its location (e.g., SCM, ERP, LMS, CRM). The activity is known as event data and is stored in a database known as an event log.Objective: Based on the event log, we can calculate the fitness to determine whether the business process SOP is following the actual business process.Methods: This study obtains the event log from a terminal operating system (TOS), which records the dwelling time at the container port. The conformance checking using token-based replay method calculates fitness by comparing the event log with the process model.Results: The findings using the Alpha algorithm resulted in the most traversed traces (a, b, n, o, p). The fitness calculation returns 1.0 were produced, missing, and remaining tokens are replied to each of the other traces.Conclusion: Thus, if the process mining produces a fitness of more than 0.80, this shows that the process model is following the actual business process. Keywords: Conformance Checking, Dwelling time, Event log, Fitness, Process Discovery, Process Mining

Dwelling Time pada Sistem dan Prosedur Penanganan Peti Kemas dengan Aplikasi Cost Terminal Operation System di Terminal Peti Kemas Semarang

The performance system at the container terminal at Semarang Container Terminal (SCT) is not yet good, it can be seen from the average dwelling time which is still long. Dwelling time optimization needs to be done in order to get a balance of projected increases during trading and to compensate for the various limitations of terminal facilities and infrastructure. One of them is the container handling procedure using an application, namely the cost terminal operating system application. With the qualitative descriptive method, the dwelling time and container handling procedures will be explained using a cost terminal operation system application and the quantitative method is used to find out how much use is in the presence of a vehicle terminal using the formula. There is a very significant positive effect of dwelling time on Port revenue. The long dwelling time is due to several factors, such as high volume / import demand which causes queues during the inspection procedure, 24-hour system inability to perform inspection procedures, weather conditions, and importer readiness. By implementing this system there will be an acceleration of the dwelling time so that Beneficial to importers and the impact caused by container dwelling time after using the cost terminal operation system application is that the waiting time can be reduced.

Simulation-based emission calculation method for container terminal production operation system

The emission calculation method based on actual energy data and mathematical analytical models have the disadvantages of time-consuming and high cost, and therefore it is necessary to study a system simulation-based method for calculating the emissions of container terminal production operation systems. This paper develops a simulation model of container terminal production operation systems based on the Arena simulation platform. Emission calculation formulas are embedded into the simulation model, which can calculate and output the energy consumption and emissions of ships and handling equipment. To validate the system simulation-based emission calculation method, a container terminal is taken as the research object and a series of simulation experiments are conducted. The main results show that (1) NOx is the main air pollutant and the CO2 and NOx emissions mainly come from ships, which are 90.7% and 80.4%, respectively, and (2) CO2 and NOx emissions during navigation of ships in the waterway are the main part of ship emissions and account for 60.7% and 53.9%, respectively.

PoC (Proof of Concept) for Performance Monitoring Platform of Container Terminals

The purpose of this study is to prove the concept of the performance monitoring system of container terminals. PoC (Proof of Concept) is a realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility. The port authorities, such as government or local authority, are continually checking the performance of the terminals they invested in and want to reflect it in the development policy. They also want to increase competitiveness by checking performance levels, such as port handling volume, calling ships, resource utilization, and congestion. PPI (Port performance indicators) are classified into four categories: output (production), productivity, utilization, and service. In this study, 15 monitoring indicators for each stage by dividing the process from the ship’s entry to departure are defined. Four indicators, such as ship waiting ratio at anchorage, berth occupancy, storage occupancy, and truck turnaround time, are selected as PoC of monitoring platform. In addition, a method of collecting, processing, and expressing data on these four indicators in real time is presented. There are three steps to create PPI on monitoring platform. The information required for PPI is to be collected from the Port-MIS (Management Information System) and TOS (Terminal Operating System) databases. Second, the collected data from external entities are stored into the database after verification and classification. Third, descriptive PPI, predictive PPI are generated based on the input data. This study provides a 4-tier framework from the conceptual platform with the key elements of data presentation, data process and data interface and middleware. As a result of the study, it is proved to select monitoring indicators, define external entities, define internal elements of the system, develop systems, and present indicator results. However, in the process of collecting data outside the system, we have found there is confidential data of individual terminals. To this end, it is important to establish a mutual cooperation system for data collection.

Challenges of Implementing Container Terminal Operating System: The Case of the Port of Mombasa from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Perspective

This paper examines the port of Mombasa’s attempted implementation of computer-based terminal operating systems (TOS); the challenges faced and the outcomes. In addition to enhancing its operations efficiency, a key motivation for the technology was to facilitate better integration and connectivity to the Belt and Road as a key gateway along the key route. It utilised a qualitative single-case methodology, involving a combination of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and content analysis of relevant policy documents and reports provided by the port. The paper finds that the attempt to adopt and implement TOS at the port mostly failed as a result of a complex combination of technological, organisational and environmental factors. Most importantly, the wider business environment was ill equipped with the necessary information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to support effective implementation. There was also a general lack of appropriately skilled workers to support and drive the same.