Terminal Configuration Research Articles

Fast Access Method of IoT Smart Terminal Based On C/S Architecture

In order to achieve efficient access and fast access of intelligent terminals, this paper proposes a fast access method for intelligent terminals of the Internet of Things based on C/S architecture. First, a terminal auto configuration program is developed; The automatic configuration program sends application configuration information to the configuration server; Then, the server verifies the identity of the terminal and feeds back the corresponding configuration information. Finally, the automatic configuration program automatically configures the terminal according to the feedback information and accesses the Internet of Things management platform. The experimental results show that this method can realize remote distribution of terminal configuration information and automatic configuration of terminals. Compared with traditional methods, the terminal access time can be reduced by about 70%.

Capacitance performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets on alkaline and neutral electrolytes

The high electrical conductivity, good hydrophilicity, and various surface terminal configurations of MXenes have exposed extensive attention in the field of energy storage. Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesised via a facile chemical process. A study of Ti3C2Tx MXene's structure, composition, and morphology was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A detailed study of the influence of aqueous electrolytes on the charge storage performance of Ti3C2Tx MXene was conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic stability (CS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, it is proposed that Ti3C2Tx MXene's surface terminations affect its capacitance behaviour in aqueous electrolytes. Ti3C2Tx MXene in 3 M (KOH) alkaline electrolyte has good electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance (Cs) of up to 92 F/g at 2A/g, making it a potential material for supercapacitors.

Atomically Precise Dinuclear Ni2 Active Site-Modified MOF-Derived ZnO@NC Heterojunction toward High-Performance N2 Photofixation

The development of heterogeneous catalysts with atom-dispersed active sites is essential to facilitate nitrogen (N2) activation for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR). However, it remains a major challenge to tune the coordination configuration of the metal centers to further accelerate the activation kinetics. Herein, an atomically precise dinuclear Ni2 site-modified metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnO@NC heterojunction (ZnO@NC-Ni2) was developed for effective N2 photofixation under mild conditions. Moreover, advanced structural characterization indicates that the most active N-coordinated bimetallic site configurations are Ni2–N6, where two Ni1–N4 moieties are shared with two N atoms. Theoretical calculations further demonstrate that the binuclear Ni2 active sites of ZnO@NC-Ni2 could adjust the N2 adsorption configuration as the side-on bridging adsorption mode (denoted as “*N≡N*”), while the single metal Ni1 sites of ZnO@NC-Ni1 tend to form a terminal adsorption configuration with N2 (“*N≡N” type). As a result, the unique electronic structure of binuclear Ni2 active sites in ZnO@NC-Ni2 tends to proceed as an associative alternating pathway, thereby decreasing the activation energy barrier of the reaction procedure and favoring the photocatalytic NRR. The present study provides a perspective to probe the relationship between the coordination architecture of earth-abundant metal active centers and NRR activities.

Investigation of the self-propulsion of a wetting/nonwetting ganglion in tapered capillaries with arbitrary viscosity and density contrasts

The movement of a meniscus inside a capillary tube has been extensively studied in the context of displacing one fluid with another immiscible one. This phenomenon exists in many applications including pharmaceutical, oil production, filtration and separation processes, and others. When one of the phases is entrapped inside a capillary tube, it forms what is called a ganglion with two menisci between the two fluids. In a straight uniform capillary tube, a stagnant entrapped ganglion is symmetric. The situation is different if the capillary tube is tapered in which case the two menisci assume different curvatures. Such inhomogeneity of the capillary pressure self-propels the ganglion to move. The fate of the ganglion inside the tapered tube depends on whether it is wetting or nonwetting to the tube wall. That is, after the initial movement, a wetting ganglion accelerates towards the tapered end of the tube while a nonwetting one decelerates towards the wider end before reaching a terminal configuration. Such fates are linked to the variations of the capillary pressure, which continuously increases for a wetting ganglion and decreases for the nonwetting one. In this work, a generalized model is developed that not only describes capillary-driven dynamics over a wide range of viscosity and density contrasts but also pressure-driven scenarios with/without gravity. The model, however, neglects the inertial effect of the two fluids on account of the fact that it is confined to the very early time of the movement process. A first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation is developed that describes the dynamic behavior of both the wetting and nonwetting ganglions. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm is developed to solve the model equations. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to provide a comparison and verification framework.

Mixed fleet scheduling method for airport ground service vehicles under the trend of electrification

Electric ground support equipment (GSE) has been promoted by airports to reduce carbon emissions, and most airports operate both fuel and electric vehicles. In order to fill the gap in the research of GSE scheduling problem with mixed fleet of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles, this paper establishes a mixed operation model of fuel and electric vehicles with time window with the objective function of minimizing the sum of time cost, energy cost and emission cost, and considers the energy consumption of a new type of electric aircraft towing tractor which have APU substitution function. Then solve it by using a reliable adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm, which improves the quality of the solution through the simulated annealing principle and expansion of the applicability of the adaptive mechanism. Furthermore, 2 scenarios with different characteristics of road network scale, the terminal configuration and flight were constructed on the basis of Nanjing Lukou international airport data, and each scenario have 5 different proportions of fleets in order to reflect the operation characteristics along with the change of electric vehicles proportion. The results show that: (1) Scenario characteristics will affect the optimal fleet allocation strategy; (2) Compared with large airports, small airports have higher emission reduction efficiency and lower energy saving efficiency; (3) Airport ground electrification increases flight delays, especially at smaller airports with a more inflexible network. This study can provide data reference for the optimal fleet configuration in airports with mixed operation with fuel and electric vehicles.

Heat generation rates and anisotropic thermophysical properties of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells with different terminal mounting configurations

This paper investigates the variation in the heat generation rates and anisotropic thermophysical properties of cylindrical 18,650 and 21,700 lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) battery cells when the negative terminal is mounted at different points on the cell surface. We developed a methodology that combines experimental data with a numerical inverse heat transfer (IHT) model to quantify the differences in these properties under two strategies for connecting the negative terminal to the cell surface. In the first, the negative terminal is connected at the top rim of the cell, adjacent to the positive terminal; in the second, the negative terminal is connected at the bottom of the cell, adjacent to the negative current collector. Applying this methodology, we found that the total heat generation over 1000 s for 18,650 and 21,700 cells with the negative terminal at the top rim is higher than that for batteries with the negative terminal at the bottom by up to 4.6 % and 10.7 %, respectively. The additional heat was concentrated in the cell canisters, resulting in non-uniform heat generation across the cell volume. Without considering this non-uniformity in the numerical IHT model, the characterization process yielded 15–22 % discrepancies in the predicted thermal conductivities. By considering the canister and jelly roll of the cell as separate heat generation domains, the discrepancies were reduced below 6 % and 7 % for 18,650 and 21,700 cells, respectively. This work developed an improved battery cell characterization methodology taking into account localized heat generation and extrinsic terminal mounting effects. The results underline the importance of high-fidelity cell characterization in the battery cell design process.

Terminal Configuration Principles for Achieving Various Electromagnetic Integration Units with Flexible Multilayer Foil Technique

Terminal Configuration Principles for Achieving Various Electromagnetic Integration Units with Flexible Multilayer Foil Technique

High‐Efficiency Cs‐Based Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cells—A Modeling Study

Current studies stipulate that the performance efficiency of photovoltaic cells can be increased by incorporating a tandem architecture into the device configuration. This work includes an assessment of the photovoltaic performance parameters and optimization of the cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3)–silicon (Si) tandem solar cells (TSC) by applying the SCAPS 1D tool. The two terminal (2‐T) monolithic TSC device configuration with a top CsPbI3 perovskite solar cell (PSC) consisting of IGZO as the electron transport layer material (ETL) and CuSbS2 as the hole transport layer material (HTL) and a bottom c‐Si solar cell exhibits a fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 73.16% and 27.07%, respectively, by establishing the current matching condition, while in the four terminal (4‐T) stacked layer configuration, the device exhibits a PCE of 30.68%. The device acquires this high PCE after the optimization of the thickness, dopant density, and defect density of the perovskite light active material and Si.

Effect of active chilled beam layouts on ventilation performance and thermal comfort under variable heat gain conditions

The active chilled beam system has been popularly used in office and meeting rooms. There are very few studies of their terminal configuration on the thermal comfort and ventilation performance of systems with different heat gains. A comparative experimental study was implemented in mock-up office and meeting rooms to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the airflow patterns, air distribution, ventilation effectiveness, and local thermal comfort of the 4-way system. Four different terminal layouts with two types of the chilled beams (600 unit and 1200 unit sized 0.6 m × 0.6 m and 1.2 m × 0.6 m, respectively) were tested at three heat gain levels: low (46W/m2) and medium (66W/m2) heat gains in the office room, and high (92W/m2) heat gain in the meeting room. The results revealed that the terminal layouts and heat gain levels had significant effects on air distribution and local thermal comfort. The increased heat gains generated lower heat removal effectiveness, worse indoor thermal uniformity, and increased risk of draught. Generally, the 1200-unit system performed better than that with 600 units for heat removal effectiveness and contaminant removal effectiveness. In terms of local thermal comfort, the 600-unit system generally provided higher performance than that with the 1200-unit system. The practical recommendations for the system design and operation stages are provided based on the operating range of the 4-way systems under variable terminal layouts and heat gain conditions.

Layout planning method of automation terminal in rural distribution network

In order to solve the problem of distribution terminal layout in rural distribution automation planning, a scientific planning method for distribution automation terminal layout including microgrid is proposed. Firstly, the principle of distribution automation terminal configuration is analyzed, and the reliability evaluation method of distribution network considering distribution automation is studied. On this basis, an optimization model with the goal of minimizing the sum of the investment cost, operating cost, abandonment cost and power failure cost of the distribution terminal is established, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model, so as to determine the distribution network Layout planning of automation terminals. The result of the improved IEEE RBTS Bus6-F4 example show that the method can obtain reasonable distribution automation terminal layout result.

High-Sensitive Parity-Time Symmetric Oscillator in Coupled Transmission Lines With Nonlinear Gain

A scheme for generating oscillations based on an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) is proposed in two-coupled resonators made of two coupled transmission lines terminated on balanced gain and loss, exhibiting a double pole. The EPD is a point in the parameter space of the system at which two or more eigenmodes coalesce in both their eigenvalues (here, resonance frequencies) and eigenvectors. We show that a finite-length single transmission line terminated with gain and loss possesses no degeneracy point, whereas second-order EPDs are enabled in two finite-length coupled transmission lines (CTLs) terminated with balanced gain and loss. We demonstrate the conditions for EPDs to exist for three different termination configurations with balanced gain and loss, and show the eigenfrequency bifurcation at the EPD following the fractional power expansion series related to the Puiseux series. We study the oscillatory regime of operation assuming the gain element is nonlinear, and the extreme sensitivity of the degenerate self-oscillation frequency to perturbations and how it compares with the sensitivity of the linear-gain case. Finally, we show that the sensitivity of the EPD-CTL resonator is much higher than the one of a single-TL resonator. The very sensitive EPD based oscillator can be used as sensors when very small variations in a system shall be detected.

Fabrication and Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene Field Effect Transistor Devices Based on a Monolithic Bottom Gate

Current electronics technology increasingly demands higher integration, flexibility, higher efficiency, and performance aspects such as compatibility with higher temperature operation of the semiconductor devices, which may find limitations when silicon is used. The superior intrinsic properties of SiC, eventually combined with the ability of growing monolithically epitaxial, high quality graphene on a SiC wafer (1), makes it a reliable alternative for some electronic applications, such as field effect transistors (FET), radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, integrated circuits (IC), or sensors. In this work, we describe the fabrication and preliminary electrical characterizations of epitaxial graphene (EG) on a SiC substrate FET devices based on an alternative back gate architecture. We propose a new approach in which the FET device is built on a 4◦ off-axis cut, N+ doped 4H-SiC substrate (the back gate) with, on top of, it a 1μm semi-insulating homoepitaxial layer of SiC compensated with vanadium (the dielectric layer). EG will be used as FET conduction channel. Using this V-compensated dielectric layer is aimed to minimize effects on the FET characteristics such as from defects in the SiC crystal, especially below the FET active areas, which would have occurred when using ion implantation to create a buried gate. The EG film was grown by the high temperature Si sublimation method under an Ar ambient. Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were applied in the structural characterization of epigraphene. The lack of D-peak in Raman spectra, together with SEM and AFM images, indicate that high quality monolayer to few layer epitaxial graphene fully covering the SiC surface is deposited. The electrical characteristics of the EG channel-devices and the functionality of the bottom gate were examined with 2-probe and 4-probe method. The electrical properties of the FET devices were also investigated with 3 terminal configuration.

A Fully Integrated Common-Mode Choke Design Embedded With Differential-Mode Capacitances

The emerging flexible multilayer foils (FMLFs)-based winding design has a great potential to promote the magnetic integration technique in power electronic systems. This article investigates the full integration of a single-phase electromagnetic interference (EMI) choke with well-designed FMLFs. By sharing a UU-type core and configuring the windings reasonably, all the common-mode (CM) inductance and capacitances and differential-mode (DM) inductances and capacitances can be integrated into the same core unit. Moreover, the proper terminal configuration of conductive layers can realize function-decoupling between CM and DM filtering elements, which contributes to simplifying the equivalent CM and DM models, then predigesting the parameters design procedure. Following the modeling and theoretical analysis, prototypes of the proposed and existing EMI chokes have been built for a single-phase 200-kHz SiC-<small>mosfet</small> inverter system. Through experimental measurements, performance comparisons have been presented to demonstrate the validity of this model.

Investigation of 2D Boridene from First Principles and Experiments

AbstractRecently, a 2D metal boride – boridene – has been experimentally realized in the form of single‐layer molybdenum boride sheets with ordered metal vacancies, through selective etching of the nanolaminated 3D parent borides (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlB2 and (Mo2/3Sc1/3)2AlB2. The chemical formula of the boridene was suggested to be Mo4/3B2‐xTz, where Tz denotes surface terminations. Here, the termination composition and material properties of Mo4/3B2‐xTz from both theoretical and experimental perspectives are investigated. Termination sites are considered theoretically for termination species T = O, OH, and F, and the energetically favored termination configuration is identified at z = 2 for both single species terminations and binary termination mixes of different stoichiometries in ordered and disordered configurations. Mo4/3B2‐xTz is shown to be dynamically stable for multiple termination stoichiometries, displaying semiconducting, semimetallic, or metallic behavior depending on how different terminations are combined. The approximate chemical formula of a freestanding film of boridene is attained as Mo1.33B1.9O0.3(OH)1.5F0.7 from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis which, within error margins, is consistent with the theoretical results. Finally, metallic and additive‐free Mo4/3B2‐xTz shows high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with an onset potential of 0.15 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.

Heat Generation Rates and Anisotropic Thermophysical Properties of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Terminal Mounting Configurations

Heat Generation Rates and Anisotropic Thermophysical Properties of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Terminal Mounting Configurations

Finite element analysis of the performance of additively manufactured scaffolds for scapholunate ligament reconstruction.

Rupture of the scapholunate interosseous ligament can cause the dissociation of scaphoid and lunate bones, resulting in impaired wrist function. Current treatments (e.g., tendon-based surgical reconstruction, screw-based fixation, fusion, or carpectomy) may restore wrist stability, but do not address regeneration of the ruptured ligament, and may result in wrist functional limitations and osteoarthritis. Recently a novel multiphasic bone-ligament-bone scaffold was proposed, which aims to reconstruct the ruptured ligament, and which can be 3D-printed using medical-grade polycaprolactone. This scaffold is composed of a central ligament-scaffold section and features a bone attachment terminal at either end. Since the ligament-scaffold is the primary load bearing structure during physiological wrist motion, its geometry, mechanical properties, and the surgical placement of the scaffold are critical for performance optimisation. This study presents a patient-specific computational biomechanical evaluation of the effect of scaffold length, and positioning of the bone attachment sites. Through segmentation and image processing of medical image data for natural wrist motion, detailed 3D geometries as well as patient-specific physiological wrist motion could be derived. This data formed the input for detailed finite element analysis, enabling computational of scaffold stress and strain distributions, which are key predictors of scaffold structural integrity. The computational analysis demonstrated that longer scaffolds present reduced peak scaffold stresses and a more homogeneous stress state compared to shorter scaffolds. Furthermore, it was found that scaffolds attached at proximal sites experience lower stresses than those attached at distal sites. However, scaffold length, rather than bone terminal location, most strongly influences peak stress. For each scaffold terminal placement configuration, a basic metric was computed indicative of bone fracture risk. This metric was the minimum distance from the bone surface to the internal scaffold bone terminal. Analysis of this minimum bone thickness data confirmed further optimisation of terminal locations is warranted.

Optimal Design of Green Tech Hybrid Electric Integrated Aircraft and Solar Disk Airships for Short Arctic Air Transport Corridors

The Ecology Decarburization issues decision may focus priority to the complex Design Analysis of the more Optimal Structure of the Large E-Aircraft and E-Airship for decrease of the Weight and Engine Power with Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) systems are very actually today for Worldwide Ecology Program. The Method of Aircraft layout from the virtual mass center is given, which allows us to obtain the Aircraft layout from the conditions of Infrastructural Constraints in the terminal configurations of the Modern Air Transportation Infrastructure and IATA/ICAO Regulation. Calculate Method is proposed for the synthesis of new circuit solutions for an Aircraft passenger compartment and may be use to any Solar E-Dirigibles Projections future. A Geometrical representation of the concept of LHA with large passenger capacity made with a Drop-Shaped Fuselage in the Aerodynamic balancing Flying Wing Body Scheme is given. The new Body Plane E-Aircraft and Lighter-then-Air (LTA) Vehicles with cover of Solar Film Component Systems will be more innovation projections for High Safety Green Tech Air Transportation.

Atomistic Insight into Nitrogen-Terminated Diamond(001) Surfaces by the Adsorption of N, NH, and NH2: A Density Functional Theory Study.

Layer-by-layer construction of diamond devices for spin-sensing calls for the atomistic understanding of the nitrogen species on diamond surfaces. Motivated by recent experiments, we used density functional theory simulations to examine the adsorption of nitrogen species (N, NH, and NH2) on bare and hydrogenated diamond(001) surfaces. On the bare substrate, we find that nitrogen species favor to attack the C═C dimers at low coverages, forming N(ad) and NH(ad) in a bridge configuration and NH2(ad) in a terminal configuration. At increasing coverages up to one full monolayer, the computed adsorption geometries and energetics suggest that the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are attractive for N(ad), but repulsive for NH(ad) and NH2(ad). On the hydrogenated substrate, the adsorbed nitrogen species are subject to structural modification, as resulted from the weakened adsorbate-substrate interactions. Further, we calculated the vibration of nitrogen species and the 1s core-level shift of surface carbons, providing atomistic insights into the nature of surface bonding. Lastly, we simulated images of representative nitrogen species adsorbed on diamond(001), guiding future work using scanning tunneling microscopy.

Time-Optimal Control of Gripper Motion in a Two-Link Manipulator with Allowance for the Terminal Configuration

Time-Optimal Control of Gripper Motion in a Two-Link Manipulator with Allowance for the Terminal Configuration

Open Architecture Design of Universal Terminal for Multiple Measurement and Control Scenarios of Distribution Network

Introduce the IoT platform technology based on SDN (Software Defined Network), cloud-based, flexible management and configuration of smart terminals, and support access to millions of terminal devices and smart operation and maintenance management. The traditional monitoring system is integrated with the Internet of Things platform, and on the basis of realizing the general SCADA system monitoring function, through the side-cloud collaboration, the lean management of the distribution station area is realized.