Terminal Components Research Articles

Flexible neural control of transition points within the egg-laying behavioral sequence in Drosophila

Innate behaviors are frequently comprised of ordered sequences of component actions that progress to satisfy essential drives. Progression is governed by specialized sensory cues that induce transitions between components within the appropriate context. Here we have characterized the structure of the egg-laying behavioral sequence in Drosophila and found significant variability in the transitions between component actions that affords the organism an adaptive flexibility. We identified distinct classes of interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory neurons that control the timing and direction of transitions between the terminal components of the sequence. We also identified a pair of motor neurons that enact the final transition to egg expulsion. These results provide a logic for the organization of innate behavior in which sensory information processed at critical junctures allows for flexible adjustments in component actions to satisfy drives across varied internal and external environments.

THE SWAN POINT SITE, ALASKA: THE CHRONOLOGY OF A MULTI-COMPONENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN EASTERN BERINGIA

ABSTRACTThe Swan Point site in interior Alaska contains a significant multi-component archaeological record dating back to 14,200 cal BP. The site’s radiocarbon (14C) chronology has been presented in scattered publications that mostly focus on specific archaeological periods in Alaska, in particular its terminal Pleistocene components associated with the East Beringian tradition. This paper synthesizes the site’s 14C data and provides sequential Bayesian models for its cultural zones and subzones. The 14C and archaeological record at Swan Point attests that the location was persistently used over the last 14,000 years, even though major changes are evident within regional vegetation and local faunal communities, reflecting long-term trends culminating in Dene-Athabascan history.

Characterization of multivalent complexes formed in the presence of more than one conventional antibody to terminal complement component C5.

This study sought to understand the nature of the immune complexes that could be formed when a patient is exposed simultaneously to two different anti-complement component 5 (C5) antibodies, such as in patients converting from one bivalent, noncompetitive, C5-binding monoclonal antibody to another. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in combination with multiangle light scattering was used to assess the potential formation of multivalent complexes among eculizumab, C5, and each of two other anti-C5 bivalent antibodies, TPP-2799 or TP-3544, respectively having the same sequence as either crovalimab or pozelimab currently undergoing clinical trials. Each of these two antibodies bound C5 noncompetitively with eculizumab. In phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), C5-eculizumab in the absence of other antibodies measured <500 kDa; however, inclusion of other antibodies at levels ranging from equimolar and up to a fivefold excess over eculizumab and C5 yielded a series of complexes with some >1500 kDa in size, consistent with incorporation of multiple antibodies and C5 molecules. A similar pattern of complexes was also observed when fluorescently labeled eculizumab and either of the other two antibodies were spiked into human plasma, based on SEC monitored by fluorescence detection. A detailed characterization of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of such complexes is warranted, as is the incorporation of mitigation processes to avoid their formation in patients converting from one bivalent, noncompetitive, C5-binding monoclonal antibody to another.

Synthesis and extraction ability of amide derivatives of calix[4]resorcinarene and 1,1′-dinaphthylmethane toward metal cations

Aminolysis of ester derivatives of 1,1′-dinaphthylmethane and rctt -calix[4]resorcinarene afforded a series of ligands, which differ in molecular platform structure, the number of electron-donating sites, the nature of terminal amide component, the nature and size of the spacers connecting the polycyclic core with amide group. Using liquid extraction method, the effect of ligand structural features on its ability to recognize and bind s -, p -, d -, f -metal cations was investigated, and the stoichiometry of formed complexes was calculated.

Stable data‐driven Koopman predictive control: Concentrated solar collector field case study

AbstractNon‐linearity is an inherent feature of practical systems. Although there have been significant advances in the control of nonlinear systems, the proposed methods often require considerable computational resources or rely on local linearization around equilibrium points. The Koopman operator is an infinite‐dimensional linear operator that fully captures a system's non‐linear dynamics. However, one of the major problems is identifying a Koopman finite dimensional linear model for a nonlinear system. Initiated by the Willems’ fundamental Lemma, a class of data‐driven control methods has been developed for linear systems without the need to identify the system's matrices. Motivated by these two ideas, a data‐driven Koopman‐based predictive control scheme for non‐linear systems is proposed for unknown disturbed non‐linear systems utilising a finite‐length dataset. Then, considering the uncertainty in the Koopman state variables, a robust data‐driven Koopman predictive control structure is presented. Also, the results led to the design of a data‐driven Koopman predictive control strategy with terminal components to ensure the closed‐loop stability of nonlinear systems. The proposed scheme is tested on the distributed‐parameter model of the ACUREX solar collector field (located at Almería, Spain) to regulate the field outlet temperature around a desired value. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A Numerical Study on the Transient Injection Characteristics of Gas Fuel Injection Devices for Direct-Injection Engines

Natural gas has emerged as one of the preferred alternative fuels for vehicles owing to its advantages of abundant reserves, cleaner combustion and lower cost. At present, the gas supply methods for natural-gas engines are mainly port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI). The transient injection characteristics of a gas fuel injection device, as the terminal executive component of the PFI or DI mode, will directly affect the key performance of a gas fuel engine. Therefore, gas fuel injection devices have been selected as the research object of this paper, with a focus on the transient injection process. To explore the impacts of valve vibration amplitude, period, frequency and velocity on transient injection characteristics, one transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for gas fuel injection devices was established. The findings thereof demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between the instantaneous mass flow rate and instantaneous lift during the vibration process. However, this relationship is somewhat impacted when the valve speed is high enough. A shorter valve vibration period tends to preclude a shorter period of flow-hysteresis fluctuation. The near-field pressure fluctuation at the throat of an injection device, caused by valve vibration, initiates flow fluctuation.

“PNH is getting very popular!”: New clinical trial data and management insights from ASH 2023

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder of hematopoietic stem cells that leaves red blood cells (RBCs) susceptible to complement-mediated lysis, with clinical manifestations that can include anemia, hemoglobinuria, and thrombosis. Inhibition of the terminal complement component C5 with eculizumab or ravulizumab can control intravascular hemolysis (IVH) and improve clinical parameters, patient survival, and quality of life (QoL). However, terminal complement inhibition alone may leave RBCs vulnerable to extravascular hemolysis (EVH) and persistent anemia in a minority of patients. This report focuses on clinical trial and real-world data presented at the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) for currently available and novel complement inhibitors in PNH.

SELF-DIAGNOSIS AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE CYBER RESISTANCE OF TERMINAL COMPONENTS OF A TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM

The article proposes an approach to determine the technical condition of the terminal components of the technological system, the basis of which are microprocessor systems implemented on software-reconfigurable logic. The existing methods and methods of testing programmable logic integrated circuits are analyzed, the shortcomings and advantages are revealed. It has been proven that the most effective method of using self-diagnosis schemes is BIST — Built-Inself-Test, which in the future can become the basis for monitoring and diagnosing microprocessor systems implemented on a software-reconfigurable element base. The existing methods of determining the technical condition of microprocessor systems implemented on large/very large integrated circuits with rigid architecture are considered, and the mathematical basis of their technical diagnosis is presented. In order to increase the cyber resistance of the terminal components of the technological system, it is proposed to use programmable logic integrated circuits as an element base, which are able to change the internal algorithmic structure by reprogramming as a result of cyber incidents and cyber attacks. At the same time, the reconfiguration of the algorithmic structure of the microprocessor system on the basis of program-reconfigurable logic is proposed to be carried out based on the results of self-diagnosis, that is, by using a diagnostic system with elements of artificial intelligence, which implements the BIST — Built-Inself-Test method. It is assumed that the synergy of the microprocessor system and the diagnostic system with elements of artificial intelligence will allow the implementation of the principle of active fault tolerance (cyber resilience), which consists in the detection and localization of malfunctions (response to cyber incidents and cyber attacks), as well as the restoration of the correct functioning of the terminal components of the technological system by reconfiguring their internal algorithmic structure according to the results of self-diagnosis.

Gökkuşağı alabalığı rasyonuna eklenen astaksantinin kas dokusu siyalik asit miktarı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması

Astaxanthin is an oxidized carotenoid component responsible for pigmentation, protecting essential polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidation, immune response, communication, reproductive behavior, and improved reproduction in aquatic animals. In aquaculture, astaxanthin is a pigment used to give rainbow trout flesh its distinctive pinkish tint. Sialic acid is an alpha-keto acid monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone that is an acylated derivative of neuraminic acid and a terminal component of the oligosaccharide chains of many glycoproteins and glycolipids. It impacts cell recognition, communication, signaling, cellular aggregation and development, infections, tumor growth and metastasis, immunology, reproductive biology, and neurology. Forty female rainbow trout were used in the study. Fish were divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=20) received a daily dose of astaxanthin of 50 ppm/day for 225 days, whereas the control group (n=20) received a standard fish meal. The concentration of sialic acid in fish muscle tissue was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The sialic acid level in muscle tissue of fish fed a standard fish ration was 111.97 ± 4.56 µg/g, while the sialic acid level in muscle tissue of fish fed astaxanthin was 110.33 ± 8.54 µg/g. In our research, we found that adding astaxanthin to the fish diet had no effect on the amount of sialic acid in the fish, which is crucial in human nutrition. As a result, it was revealed that dietary astaxanthin did not influence the level of sialic acid in fish muscle tissue (p&gt;0.05).

Targeting C3d in Combination with Daratumumab:a Strategy to Enhance Therapeutic Potential in Multiple Myeloma

The monoclonal antibody (mAb) daratumumab (DARA) targeting CD38 can induce minimal residual disease negative remissions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, majority of patients subsequently relapse or become refractory to treatment (RRMM). Rapid reduction of surface CD38 levels in MM cells following DARA infusion due to trogocytosis by monocytes and granulocytes leads to reduced complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), effector functions that rely on antigen density. High expression of complement regulatory proteins, CD55 and CD59 on MM cell surface can also impede CDC activity. Therefore, modalities to overcome these limitations and improve clinical outcome for patients with RRMM are needed. Daratumumab is a strong activator of complement. While a subset of cells may be lysed by the membrane attack complex, all cells reacted with daratumumab are opsonized by C3d, the terminal component of C3. C3d remains covalently attached at the cell surface. Thus, the newly acquired membrane bound C3d constitutes a target for additional intervention, particularly when the cell surface CD38 is lost or low following treatment with DARA. Using phage display technology, we generated and characterized recombinant rabbit/human chimeric mAbs that selectively bind C3 fragments including C3d but not full length C3. We selected two high affinity anti-C3d mAbs (clones 5S8 and d301 with kD values 3.35 nM and 0.99 nM, respectively) that showed reactivity against both human and mouse C3d. To deposit C3d on myeloma cell lines (MM1-S, MM1-R, RPMI8226, NCI-H929, KMS-12-PE) without activating CDC, the cells were reacted with DARA in C5 depleted normal human serum. Both 5S8 and d301 bound to the C3d opsonized cells. Based on SPR analysis these two mAbs do not compete for C3d binding suggesting that they recognize distinct epitopes. In normal human serum, the anti-C3d mAbs enhanced killing by CDC of DARA-opsonized target cells compared to DARA alone (P<0.0001). The non-targeting IgG1 isotype control mAb trastuzumab (TRA) did not bind C3d or enhance DARA-mediated killing. To test the combination of DARA with anti-C3d mAbs in vivo, we used Balb/c-SCID mice bearing subcutaneous (s. c.) MM1-R tumors. First, using clones 5S8 and d301, we demonstrated in vivo binding of mouse C3d on MM1-R tumor cells harvested 24 h after a single intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of DARA. Next, we challenged the mice s. c. with MM1-R cells and randomly divided them into the following treatment groups: 20 mg/kg DARA single agent (n=7), or combination treatments of 10 mg/kg of each of two mAbs: DARA + TRA (n=10), DARA + 5S8 (n=13), DARA + d301 (n=13). The mAbs were given via i. p. injections weekly starting on day 7 post tumor challenge and continued for 6 weeks. Palpable tumors were noticed in mice between days 7 and 14, and tumor growth was monitored by caliper measurements twice weekly. Mice were euthanized when tumors reached pre-defined limits. All the mice that received DARA + TRA showed progressive tumor growth with median survival of 38 days and all mice had to be euthanized by day 50. Doubling the dose of DARA to 20mg/kg slightly increased median survival to 43 days (P = 0.12 vs DARA+TRA). Two of 7 mice that received DARA alone (at 20 mg/kg) survived to day 175. Median survival for mice treated with DARA (10mg/kg) plus an anti-C3d mAb was 162 days (P = 0.006 for comparison to DARA 20mg/kg), and 13 of 26 (50%) mice in this cohort survived tumor-free beyond 200 days. There was no statistically significant difference between groups treated with 5S8 or d301 in combination with DARA (P = 0.23). All the surviving mice showed no evidence of tumor, weight loss or other morbidity indicating that they are essentially tumor-free. In summary, these results demonstrate that combination treatment of DARA with anti-C3d mAbs improves efficacy over single agent DARA leading to long-term survival in the MM.1R xenograft model. The combination of C3d targeting mAbs with DARA could improve clinical efficacy and overcome resistance to single agent therapy.

Lambert’s Problem with Multiple Constraints

This paper proposes a new method to solve Lambert’s problem with multiple constraints, including the impulse-magnitude constraints, the trajectory-radius constraints, and the terminal-impact-angle constraint. First, the closed-form range of the chordal terminal velocity component for each constraint is derived. Then, the admissible intersection range for all constraints is obtained. Finally, the feasible solutions are solved in the admissible intersection range by using the terminal-velocity-based Lambert algorithm. The 180° case and the multiple-revolution case are also considered. The proposed method can be also extended to the Lambert algorithms with other independent variables. Compared with the typical method of first solving Lambert’s problem and then pruning the solutions that do not satisfy the constraints, the numerical examples show that the proposed method can reduce a lot of computational time.

32283 A phase I study of CX-4945 administered orally twice daily to patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma

Background: Smoothened inhibitors (SMOi) targeting the hedgehog (Hh) pathway have been approved for the treatment of patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) or metastatic basal cell carcinoma (mBCC). Unfortunately, resistance against SMOi can develop. Targeting the signaling cascade downstream of SMO could obviate this issue. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) affects the terminal component of the Hh signaling pathway by promoting Gli2 stability and Gli2’s interaction with target genes. Given the interplay between CK2 and Gli-2, CX-4945 may provide benefit for BCC patients with resistance or intolerance to SMOi. Methods: A phase I trial to explore various treatment durations of CX-4945 was designed for patients with laBCC or mBCC; with endpoints including safety and objective response rate. Major eligibility criteria include progression after SMOi. The first phase of the trial uses a 3+3 design to test the tolerance of a CX-4945 dose of 1000 mg BID for a duration of 28 days continuously. Upon determining the RP2D, a dose-expansion phase will further evaluate CX-4945 in 10 patients with laBCC. Results: As of September 1, 2021, 15 patients with BCC were enrolled. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse event was GI related, diarrhea (13%). No grade 4 events were reported. Among the 13 patients who were evaluable for response at end of cycle 2, 2 patients (15%) demonstrated a partial response. The expansion phase is currently enrolling patients. Complete safety and efficacy data will be presented after completion of phase 1.

Stable deep Koopman model predictive control for solar parabolic-trough collector field

Concentrated Solar Power plants (CSP) have the energy storage capability to generate electricity when sunlight is scarce. However, due to the highly non-linear dynamics of these systems, a simple linear controller will not be able to overcome the variable dynamics and multiple disturbance sources affecting it. In this paper, a deep Model Predictive Control (MPC) based on the Koopman operator is proposed and applied to control the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) temperature of a distributed-parameter model of the ACUREX solar collector field located at Almería, Spain. The Koopman operator is an infinite-dimensional linear operator that fully captures a system's non-linear dynamics through the linear evolution of functions of the state-space. However, one of the major problems is identifying a Koopman linear model for a non-linear system. Koopman eigenfunctions are involved in converting a non-linear model to a Koopman-based linear model. In this paper, a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoder is designed to calculate Koopman eigenfunctions of the solar collector field. The Koopman linear model is then used to design a linear MPC with terminal components to ensure closed-loop stability guarantees. Simulation results are utilized to show the satisfactory tracking performance of the proposed approach.

Using Blockchain to Protect 3D Printing from Unauthorized Model Tampering

As three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is widely used, security issues have arisen, especially in the terminal parts of automobiles, aircraft, and 3D-printed military equipment. If the original design models or the STL (stereolithography) files are hacked or tampered, severe consequences can be anticipated. In this paper, we propose a demonstration to use a high-throughput blockchain to store the “fingerprints” of the 3D model and verify the “fingerprints” before printing to prevent illegal tampering. Relying on the tamper-resistant features of blockchain, the security of the model and the credibility of the terminal components can be ensured. The combination of blockchain and 3D printing will help people to build a trusted manufacturing environment and realize a more flexible manufacturing for future industry.

Facial skin ageing: Key concepts and overview of processes.

IntroductionThe face is a cosmetically sensitive region where the process of ageing is most clearly manifested. With increased focus on anti‐ageing and longevity, more anti‐senescent treatments are being proposed despite limited evidence. This study outlines the pathways and mechanisms underpinning the biological process of ageing in the face.MethodsComprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to 2020. Inclusion criteria included all empirical human research studies specific to facial ageing features, written in the English language.ResultsA total of 65 papers met inclusion criteria for analysis. Pathways were subdivided into intrinsic and extrinsic senescence mechanisms. Intrinsic pathways included genetics, generation of reactive oxygen species and hormonal changes. Extrinsic pathways included photoageing and damage to skin layers. The combined intrinsic and extrinsic pathway alterations result in wrinkles, higher laxity, slackness and thinning of the skin. Skin functions such as barrier immune function, wound healing, thermoregulation and sensory function are also impaired.ConclusionThe ageing process is unique to the individual and depends on the interplay between an individual's genetics and external environmental factors. Through understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms, an appreciation of the consequent structural and functional changes can be achieved. Based on this knowledge, further research can focus on how to slow or impede the ageing process and identify specific targets to develop and evolve new treatment strategies.

CG7630 is the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit COX7B

The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is composed of four multiheteromeric enzyme complexes. According to the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, eukaryotic MRC derives from ancestral proteobacterial respiratory structures consisting of a minimal set of complexes formed by a few subunits associated with redox prosthetic groups. These enzymes, which are the “core” redox centers of respiration, acquired additional subunits, and increased their complexity throughout evolution. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of MRC, has a highly interspecific heterogeneous composition. Mammalian COX consists of 14 different polypeptides, of which COX7B is considered the evolutionarily youngest subunit. We applied proteomic, biochemical, and genetic approaches to investigate the COX composition in the invertebrate model Drosophila melanogaster. We identified and characterized a novel subunit which is widely different in amino acid sequence, but similar in secondary and tertiary structures to COX7B, and provided evidence that this object is in fact replacing the latter subunit in virtually all protostome invertebrates. These results demonstrate that although individual structures may differ the composition of COX is functionally conserved between vertebrate and invertebrate species.

The yin and the yang of early classical pathway complement disorders.

The classical pathway of the complement cascade has been recognized as a key activation arm, partnering with the lectin activation arm and the alternative pathway to cleave C3 and initiate the assembly of the terminal components. While deficiencies of classical pathway components have been recognized since 1966, only recently have gain-of-function variants been described for some of these proteins. Loss-of-function variants in C1, C4, and C2 are most often associated with lupus and systemic infections with encapsulated bacteria. C3 deficiency varies slightly from this phenotypic class with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and infection as the dominant phenotypes. The gain-of-function variants recently described for C1r and C1s lead to periodontal Ehlers Danlos syndrome, a surprisingly structural phenotype. Gain-of-function in C3 and C2 are associated with endothelial manifestations including hemolytic uremic syndrome and vasculitis with C2 gain-of-function variants thus far having been reported in patients with a C3 glomerulopathy. This review will discuss the loss-of-function and gain-of-function phenotypes and place them within the larger context of complement deficiencies.

Horseshoe bats use not changes in echo delay but Doppler shift to perceive approaching objects

Echolocating bats use echo delay for target ranging and Doppler shift information for relative velocity recognition. However, how they perceive moving objects remains unclear. To investigate this question, we played back echolocation pulses in real-time as virtual echoes to Japanese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) on a perch in a flight room. Since echoes coming back from an approaching object are theoretically characterized by both changes in echo delay and the presence of Doppler shift, we reproduced an artificial approaching object by encoding these two acoustic parameters in the virtual echoes. As a result, only Doppler shift evoked bats flight reaction, showing that they use only Doppler shift and not change in echo delay to perceive approaching objects. Also, we played back only constant frequency (CF) component and confirmed that they use the CF component to detect Doppler shift. Furthermore, as a response to the Doppler shift in the perceived echo, bats increased the bandwidth of the terminal component of their pulse. Surprisingly, this response occurred in the very first pulse after Doppler shift, which indicates bats can adapt their echolocation pulse characteristics to changing situations within a pulse. [This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Nos. 18H03786 and 16H06542.]

C5b-9 Membrane Attack Complex Formation andExtracellular Vesicle Shedding in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

The early complement components have emerged as mediators of pro-oncogenic inflammation, classically inferred to cause terminal complement activation, but there are limited data on the activity of terminal complement in cancer. We previously reported elevated serum and tissue C9, the terminal complement component, in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) compared to the precursor condition Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) and healthy controls. Here, we investigate the level and cellular fates of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, also known as the membrane attack complex. Punctate C5b-9 staining and diffuse C9 staining was detected in BE and EAC by multiplex immunohistofluorescence without corresponding increase of C9 mRNA transcript. Increased C9 and C5b-9 staining were observed in the sequence normal squamous epithelium, BE, low- and high-grade dysplasia, EAC. C5b-9 positive esophageal cells were morphologically intact, indicative of sublytic or complement-evasion mechanisms. To investigate this at a cellular level, we exposed non-dysplastic BE (BAR-T and CP-A), high-grade dysplastic BE (CP-B and CP-D) and EAC (FLO-1 and OE-33) cell lines to the same sublytic dose of immunopurified human C9 (3 µg/ml) in the presence of C9-depleted human serum. Cellular C5b-9 was visualized by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Shed C5b-9 in the form of extracellular vesicles (EV) was measured in collected conditioned medium using recently described microfluidic immunoassay with capture by a mixture of three tetraspanin antibodies (CD9/CD63/CD81) and detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) after EV labelling with C5b-9 or C9 antibody conjugated SERS nanotags. Following C9 exposure, all examined cell lines formed C5b-9, internalized C5b-9, and shed C5b-9+ and C9+ EVs, albeit at varying levels despite receiving the same C9 dose. In conclusion, these results confirm increased esophageal C5b-9 formation during EAC development and demonstrate capability and heterogeneity in C5b-9 formation and shedding in BE and EAC cell lines following sublytic C9 exposure. Future work may explore the molecular mechanisms and pathogenic implications of the shed C5b-9+ EV.

Engineering of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type BT-dIDT based non-fullerene acceptors for effective organic solar cells

In the present computational study, four new small molecule acceptors (SMAs), R1, R2, R3, and R4 were designed with an A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration by replacing the terminal acceptor A2 in reference molecule BT-dIDT with some influential acceptor groups for the exploration of their optoelectronic characteristics. Designed chromophores consisted of BT unit as electron capturing core, named A1, while end-capped acceptor moieties were named as A2, which were linked via IDT (D) units. The designed molecules contained peripheral acceptor groups named, 2-methylene malononitrile (R1), methyl 2-cyanocrylate (R2), 3-methyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one (R3), and 2-(3-methyl-4oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidine) malononitrile (R4). TD-DFT and DFT approaches were utilized to compute all the optoelectronic parameters of the molecular structures. The effect of terminal acceptors on the energy gaps, charge transfer ability, absorption properties, dipole moment, etc., of the newly formulated molecules (R1-R4) along with the reference were evaluated. Amongst all the investigated molecules, R4 exhibited the least band gap (2.26 eV), with the highest absorption values in both the studied phases (gas and solvent), while R3 showed the lowest hole reorganization energy (0.0074 eV), thus highest hole mobility, along with a large open-circuit voltage and fill factor. These outcomes revealed that these A2-D-A1-D-A2 type SMAs with some consequential terminal acceptor components form auspicious candidates for the effective photovoltaic potential of OSCs.