Term Bases Research Articles

Translating medical reports: Challenges and quality assurance

This article discusses the challenges and quality assurance measures implemented by the authors when translating medical reports. In particular, the authors discuss the challenges posed by acronyms, handwritten and scanned text, and desktop publishing, as well as their use of computer aided translation (CAT) tools, term bases, and bilingual revision in their quality assurance workflow to ensure their translations are accurate.

The Impact of Using Memsource Termbase System on Developing Terminological Competence for Saudi Freelance Technical Translators

The current qualitative study aimed at assessing the impact of using the Memsource termbase system on developing terminological competence for 10 Saudi freelance technical translators registered in the Saudi freelance platform Bahr and the two social media websites Twitter and Telegram. As Arabic specialized translations often contain inconsistent and inaccurate use of terminology, this study focused on developing terminological competence using the terminology tool. To assess the impact of the terminology tool on the participants’ terminological competence, the participants in this study were divided into two groups: one group was assisted with the terminology tool—referred to as tool-assisted—and the other was not—referred to as non-tool-assisted—. Both groups completed a translation task and an open-ended questionnaire. As developing terminological competence assists in dealing with terms effectively, the terminology tool used by the participants in this study allowed the participants to create their termbases before translating the assigned technical text. These termbases were then incorporated into the tool, and when the participants started translating the text, the tool suggested the previously translated terms. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive content analysis and thematic analysis were used: the former was used to analyze the translations, and the latter was used to analyze the questionnaires’ responses. The study concluded that the terminology tool assisted in developing the tool-assisted participants’ terminological competence regarding identifying terms, creating term bases, and managing terminology during the translation process.

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF VOLAR LOCKING PLATE VERSUS K-WIRES FIXATION FOR DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES

Background and Objective: The most common hand fractures among adult population are distal radius fractures and optimal management of these fractures remains controversial. Several surgical strategies are available to treat these fractures. Two most commonly used procedures volar locking plates and percutaneous K-wire fixation are used to treat distal radius fractures.The objective of this study was to compare outcome in distal radius fractures in volar locking plate and in K-wire fixation and in terms of functional and clinical outcome. Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial at department of orthopedic surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore. After approval from the Ethical Review Board, a total number of 80 patients with distal radius fractures fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. In Group A, distal radius fractures were fixed with volar locking plate and in Group B, K-wires were used to fix the distal radius fractures. Patients with polytrauma, head injury and spine injury were excluded from the study. Follow up was done at 2, 4, 6 weeks, 3 months and final at 6 months. Functional and clinical outcomes were measured with DASH Score and PREW Score at 3 months and 6 months. Results:- Age range was 18-80 years, mean age was 61.3 + 14.5 years. Mechanism of injury was fall on outstretched hands in 45 (56.2%) patients, fall from height in 20 (25.0%) patients, motorbike accidents in 7 (8.8%) patients, injury after fight in 4 (5.0%) patients and 4 (5.0%) patients were having machine injury. No difference in radiological outcomes was recorded in the final follow up. There was no difference in volar tilt loss. It was 0.5o in plate group and 0.7o in K-wires group (p = 0.92). Radial length loss was 1mm in Group A and 1.2mm in Group B (p = 0.55). The loss of angle of radial inclination was 1.2o in Group A and 1.5o in Group B (p = 0.35) at the final follow up. There were 04 cases of superficial infection in Group B (10%) versus 01 in Group A (2.5%, p = 0.001). Conclusion:- Our study shows that no mode of treatment in distal radius fractures is superior to other. The results of volar locking plate as compared to K-wire fixation were slightly better in the initial period but on long term bases both of these techniques have excellent and comparable results. DASH Score and PREW Score were almost equal in both of these techniques. The functional outcomes were almost equal in both of these techniques The complication rate although slightly more in K-wires group but it was insignificant from functional point of view.

The American 'House of Cards' – A View from a Cultural, Political and Translation-Related Perspective

The present article offers an introduction to the relationship between the entertainment and translation industry, arguing that dubbings and subtitles are by-products of the entertainment industry, directly contributing to the success of the show. It also deals with the translator’s competence, offering examples of translation challenges from the (in)famous American TV show, House of Cards, connected to terms and expressions pertaining to general knowledge of the world and of the United States. The Introduction offers an insight into audiovisual translation and its successful branches and explains binge-watching and binge-translation as well, also including several scholars’ analyses of the TV show. The Methodological Background describes how a collection of term bases came into being starting from the original English script and several Romanian subtitles of the episodes of official (DVD-release and Netflix) and amateur (freely available online) versions. This is followed by thirty examples in two sets, discussing the translation of terms belonging to general knowledge and US geopolitics in particular. The Conclusions section discusses the terms of ‘professional’ and ‘amateur’ translator irrespective of their qualifications, focusing instead on ‘quality assurance’, a rather subjective term. Certain corpus-based findings are also highlighted connected to the possibilities of relying on generalization, explicitation or calque referring to general culture and US politics focusing on the intelligibility of politicotainment, a term recently coined by Riegert.

Impact of computer-assisted translation tools by novice translators on the quality of written translations

The main specificity of the modern translation market is the translation of large volumes of technical texts and business documents in the shortest time possible. The purpose of the study is to conduct an experiment on the impact of machine translation systems (in terms of using term bases) on the efficiency of future translators. The study provides a literature review on the problem under study and presents the advantages of computer-assisted translation tools in translation practice. Based on the experimental study, the analysis of the influence of computer-assisted translation tools on the quality of written translations of student translators was carried out.

Использование геометрической прогрессии для определения параметров функций принадлежности при настройке нечеткого регулятора ПИ-типа

In the issue we consider the possibility of geometric series application for fuzzy logic controller tuning. Triangular and trapezoidal membership functions are often used for fuzzy controller parameters description, and determination of those functions bases is a common way to tune the controller. Our related publications review revealed that there is no universal fuzzy controllers tuning method, and that approaches to the problem are usually quite difficult and not sufficiently described to understand and reiterate. Aim. So for the purpose of our research we assumed that bases of fuzzy controller input and output parameters membership functions could be described with a numerical sequence. In that case the entire tuning procedure may be reduced to mere selection of such numerical sequence parameters. Materials and methods. Geometric series with unit as a first member were chosen to avoid ambiguity, different ratios from 1.5 to 3.5 with an increment of 0.2 were chosen for second and third series members calculations. Calculated values were used as membership functions term bases for eleven subsidiary linguistic variables. Then we obtained ranges of control, control error and its time integral values variations for a specific control object using automatically tuned PI-controller. Using MATLAB FIS-editor we constructed PI-type fuzzy controller assuming that both of its input and an output parameters has five terms. By projecting the subsidiary linguistic variables gained earlier on each parameter range we obtain eleven different types of PI-type fuzzy controller tunings. They then were applied for time delay technological object controlling, seven of which proved to be functioning. Results. Comparison of functioning fuzzy controllers’ transient processes with corresponding ordinary PI-controller transient process allowed us to determine that all seven PI-type fuzzy controllers’ quality criteria values are much better that those of ordinary PI-controller. Conclusion. Our research showed that usage of geometric series can be an effective and easy way to obtain fuzzy controllers tunings of satisfactory quality.

Business Ecosystems as the Approach to Create Value and Appropriate Value for Small Firms in Emerging Markets

How can firms with limited scope and scale compete to create value and appropriate value beyond their existing business? Firms in the beekeeping industry in Tanzania, beekeepers, in particular, have failed to create sufficient value and appropriate a sizable value as they have limited financial resources to invest. The business ecosystem approach indicates that firms can jointly create value that can capture sizable value through the ecosystem's resources. In the beekeeping industry, the ecosystem should be structured around the honey collection center and its efficiency depends on productivity, lock-in, channel management, complementarity, and the position and activities of actors. Firms' ability to successfully create value and capture value depends on the ability to team up with partners with complementary assets and skills in an industry architecture. Value creation and value appropriation cannot materialize if partners are not committed and willing to work together on long term bases.

Testing the influence of CAT-tools on the quality of translations produced by students majoring in translation

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of CAT-tools on the quality of translations of first-year graduate students of translation studies departments of schools of foreign languages. Nowadays professional translation is possible only with the use of special translation software, namely, CAT-tools, an integral part of which is the terminology management module. It is believed that the use of term bases can improve the quality of translation, but the term bases given to the translator still require careful critical attitude because they can potentially contain mistakes which, in turn, can negatively affect the quality of translation. Identifying such influence would allow to adjust the training program for students majoring in translation in terms of the use of modern translation technologies, increasing its effectiveness. That is why the purpose of the study was to establish the presence or absence of the impact of CAT-tools (in terms of the use of term bases) on the efficiency of translators. The experimental study was conducted in the first semester of the 2019/2020 academic year (September). The subjects were 24 first-year graduate students of the Translation Studies Department of the School of Foreign Languages of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, divided into 2 experimental groups (EG-1 and EG-2). Students of EG-1 in the process of translation used terminology base with mistakes, while students of EG-2 relied only on themselves. The stages of the study included three stages: preparatory (formulation of hypotheses, development of the plan of the experiment), basic (practical implementation of the experiment) and final (analysis and interpretation of the experimental data). The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis that the translation of the original text by means of CAT-tools with the use of the term base with mistakenly translated lexical units led to a decrease in the quality of students’ translations.

A heuristic algorithm for generating the numerical terms of a linguistic variable

In this paper we describe an easy-to-implement algorithm for automatedgeneration of the linguistic variable term membership functions to allow for information search in a relational database based on qualitative criteria by means of the SQL query language. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to calculate the parameters of the triangular and trapezoid membership functions taking into account the distribution of the variable of interest stored in the database. The algorithm defines the intervals covered by the term bases, so that each interval contains about the same number of values. Upper bounds of the defined intervals are used to calculate the parameters of membership functions. The parameters of the membership functions generated with this algorithm can be easily calculated with the limited computational means of the SQL language. We review the algorithm realizations for the generation of 3 and 5 terms of a linguistic variable based on a sample from a database containing 100 or 500 different values. The membership functions obtained through the algorithm have the required properties of orderliness, completeness, consistency and normality. They do not require further approximation. Unlike the known methods, the algorithm does not require significant computing resources, the use of specialized software, settings configuring, or a training set formation. The algorithm implementation creates opportunities to support fuzzy search queries in relational databases using the means of the SQL language, as limited as they are. Thus, the system’s level of intelligence would be increased, and the user would be provided with the means of search query formulation in a natural language. The linguistic variable terms generated using our algorithm can be used within the framework of a fuzzy rule-based knowledge base of an information system, as well as to perform fuzzy inference.

An Exploratory Research on the Improvement of Agricultural Food-related Public Organizations’ Information Service : Based on the example of Okdab.kr’s information service improvement strategy

Development, availability and users’ participation in the information service of agricultural food sector is slower than that of other sectors in Korea. This phenomenon comes from the lack of development strategies and comparative analyses with other sectors, as well as the agricultural food industry’s own characteristics which is developed based on the offline market. In this research, we will discuss about how to improve the public information service of agricultural food sector based on the example of establishing service improvement strategy by the most representative Okdab. In this research, we have drawn the following implications for development strategy of Okdab service based on three core keywords derived from benchmarking KOSIS. Three core subjects for upgrading public information service are ‘analysis information with expertise and differentiation,’ ‘user cooperation-oriented platform,’ and ‘intuitive nd effective UX,’ and to strength B.I. as an integrated information service of agricultural food sector, we need to identify the users’ satisfaction and needs for the existing service, establish an optimized operating strategy on a short-term, mid-term and long term bases, and implement them in a positive way. Based on this positive action, it can become a trustworthy information service for the users, and we can expect the improvement of the users’ recognition for its consistent usability and efficiency.

TESTING EFFICIENCY OF THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING STUDENTS MAJORING IN PHILOLOGY TO TRANSLATE TEXTS USING CAT-TOOLS: A PILOT STUDY

The article describes the results of introducing the newly developed methodology of teaching students majoring in philology to translate social and political texts from English into Ukrainian with the help of one of the leading computer-assisted translation software tools (CAT-tools) – SDL Trados. The course “Modern Translation Technologies. CAT-tools” included four thematic blocks (translating files of various formats; creating and managing term bases; creating translation memories based on existing translations (alignment) and managing them; managing translation projects) and three sub-systems of exercises (preparatory exercises, exercises for developing skills in translation with the help of CAT-tools, exercises for developing abilities in translation with the help of CAT-tools). The pilot study was carried out in the form of natural vertical experimental teaching which lasted during the second semester of 2015/2016 academic year (March – May). The subjects included 12 fifth year students of the Department of English Translation Theory and Practice of the School of Foreign Languages of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University majoring in translation. The course was introduced to the students during three months (24 academic hours), two academic hours per week. The stages of the experimental teaching included the following: preparing the experiment, realising it, processing the results and interpreting them. The comparison of the students’ average results obtained before and after the experimental teaching allows to state that there is a substantial increase in students’ proficiency in translating social and political texts from English into Ukrainian with the help of CAT-tools while the increase in students’ proficiency in translating similar texts from English into Ukrainian by hand is definitely low and can’t be regarded even as a satisfactory one. The results of the experimental teaching show that the hypothesis preconceived at the very beginning of the study is confirmed.

How (Not) to Fail as a Multimedia Translator

Abstract The article is trying to highlight the major skills of a present-day translator, without which failure is assured. Although we start with general (classical) requirements, particular ones will be discussed, such as the gradual shift from PRAT (paper-and-rubber-assisted translation) to CAT (computer-assisted translation). We argue that professional translators in the 21st century must make use of personal computers and specific software designed to support translation: translation memories (TM), term bases (TB) and translation environments (TE), which already have built-in machine translation (MT) possibility as well. This shift also entails that translators have to deal with further impediments as well: the so-called "text"-to-be-translated has changed to "whatever"-to-be-translated. We argue that would-be translators are hardly ever prepared for this new type of multimedia challenge (e.g. surtitles), thus leaving room for technical experts to discover their skills in translating multimedia. It is our belief that managing translations is directly linked with managing translators, and there are more traps for translators in the 21st century than a layman would think. Consequently, we would like to offer some tips how to build and acquire translation databases in order to catch up with the 21st century rush hour in the field of translation.

A practical approach to constructing price-based funding liquidity factors

The paper proposes a computationally convenient and parsimonious approach for creating a funding liquidity factor, building on work that relates the lack of funding of financial institutions to their ability to exploit arbitrage opportunities. Fontaine and Garcia (2012) propose a price-based funding liquidity factor from mispricing of bonds of similar characteristics but different ages. However, their arbitrage-free Nelson–Siegel framework requires the use of a non-linear Kalman filter, which is computationally intensive in practice. The novelty of this paper is to suggest an easier method for constructing an alternative liquidity factor that retains much of the same properties. Our proposed method for constructing this proxy liquidity factor relaxes the arbitrage-free assumption in the specification of the term structure model and bases it on a simple and flexible term structure specification. We demonstrate that this parsimonious liquidity factor fits the data well. The constructed factor is highly correlated with the Fontaine and Garcia (2012) liquidity factor and other funding liquidity measures, such as a liquidity factor by Hu et al. (2012), the TED-spread and the CP-spread.

Treatment Modalities For Plantar Fasciitis

Heel pain due to Plantar Fasciitis is a common presentation to the consultation clinic in Sulaimani Rheumatology center out of 242 painful heels x-rayed 198 had calcaneal spure, which means 81,8% of all patients. 150 patients with Plantar Fasciitis treated with either injections of heel from medial route with either 40mg of methylprednisolone plus 2% xylocain or 2cc of 2% xylocain or 6 sessions of pulsatile ultrasound. All treatment modalities were effective on relieving pain on short term bases, but treatment with steroid plus xylocain was more effective regarding the degree of pain relief and the number of patients improved.

INTERVIEW: Knowledge and Terminology Management at Crisplant

Margrethe H. Møller interviews Lisbeth Kjeldgaard Almsten(translator/coauthor: Birthe Toft)“If you think that terminology work is simply a matter of buying terminology management software and getting started, you are in for trouble” At Crisplant, we have been doing terminology management for the past 20 years. Today, term bases are used not just for terminology-oriented term management. Recording other types of master data needed by all kinds of professionals in the enterprise is equally important. Within the past year, Crisplant has been acquired by the German BEUMER group, which means that the terminological resources of the two enterprises are in the process of being integrated. The challenges presented by this process demonstrate the importance of adhering to terminological principles when recording terminology resources, while at the same time reminding us what an essential discipline terminology management really is, in enterprise practice as well as in education. Lisbeth Kjeldgaard AlmstenProject Manager & Linguistic Coordinator at Crisplant.Lisbeth Kjeldgaard Almsten is dedicated to language technology, and she plays the role of coordinator vis-à-vis her colleagues in the BEUMER Group, who use the same language technology tools as the ones she works with.

楽泉園自由地区の形成に至る歴史的背景の特異性

Hansen's disease sufferers had been visiting the hot spring, Kusatsu-Spa, in Gunma, Japan, for Toji (which means 'hot springs treatment' in Japanese) since the middle ages, as it was known reportedly for a long time to be effective in curing the disease. In 1869, Kusatsu-Spa was hit by a massive fire. The innkeepers, who suffered devastating damages, were trying to reconstruct the economy quickly by promoting the medical benefits of the hot spring. This made many Hansen's disease patients to visit and of which many stayed on a long term bases. They would use the hot spring with ordinary visitors. And, they had received the treatment of the spotted moxa cautery with the hot-spring treatment. Later on, Kusatsu- Spa became well known throughout Japan and as the numbers of ordinary visitors increased, they voiced their concerns in sharing the hot spring with the Hansen's disease patients. Therefore, the innkeepers decided to move the patients to another district called Yunosawa and suggested to make a special village of just the patients. In 1887, the representative of the patients came to an agreement with the mayor of Yunosawa to establish a treatment centre there. Yunosawa became part of an administrative area of Kusatsu Town. The area seemed to become a local-governing area mainly shaped by Hansen's disease sufferers and the first legal residential area where Hansen's disease sufferers were given citizenships and may convalesce freely. However, in 1931, leprosy prevention law was passed, and the Japanese government built a new medical treatment centre of Hansen's disease, 4km away from Kusatsu- Spa, which is called National Sanatorium Kuryu Rakusen-en. After deliberations with the representative of the Hansen's disease patients living in the Yunosawa area and the governor of Gunma Prefecture, who received the order from the Japanese government to move them, had agreed to the mass relocation in 1941. This is how Yunosawa had closed its 55 years history and many Hansen's disease patients had moved to the National Sanatorium Kuryu Rakusen-en. The 'Freely recuperate Zone' within the centre houses affluent patients who had enough funds to build their own houses. I was able to hear from many residential People who have historical knowledge of the above and would like to report it here.

Expected term bases for generic multivariate Hermite interpolation

The main goal of the paper is to find an effective estimation for the minimal number of points in \({\mathbb{K}}^{2}\) in general position for which the basis for Hermite interpolation consists of the first ℓ terms (with respect to total degree ordering). As a result we prove that the space of plane curves of degree at most d having singularities of multiplicity ≤ m in general position has the expected dimension if the number of low order singularities (of multiplicity k ≤ 12) is greater then some r(m, k). Additionally, the upper bounds for r(m, k) are given.

Effect of a biogas-digestate and bentonite on some enzyme activities of the amended soils

Almost all the measured soil chemical parameters have been changed on the treatments, and this complex alteration has an apparent influence on the enzyme activities, studied. Among the three enzymes, however not all proved to be sufficient for the soil characterization or to estimate the soil fertility level, like to earlier findings of Trasar-Cepeda et al. (2000). The applied digestate seems to be favourable only for the dehydrogenase activities, while the other two enzymes have higher activities more particularly in the water-treated soil samples. The application of both the digestate and the bentonite has enhanced on the other hand simultaneously the crop yield (data not shown). In a short term bases there are positive (i.e the incresing pH level), and negative (i.e Na-content increase) changes in soil characteristics. Soil is a continuously changing, complex, multifactorial system, further studies are necessary, therefore to understand the short and long-term effects of the used soil amendments, and their consequences on the most-typical soilbiological parameters.

Note on generalizing theorems in algebraically closed fields

The generalization properties of algebraically closed fields $ACF_p$ of characteristic $p > 0$ and $ACF_0$ of characteristic 0 are investigated in the sequent calculus with blocks of quantifiers. It is shown that $ACF_p$ admits finite term bases, and $ACF_0$ admits term bases with primality constraints. From these results the analogs of Kreisel's Conjecture for these theories follow: If for some $k$ , $A(1 + \cdots + 1)$ ( $n$ 1's) is provable in $k$ steps, then $(\forall x)A(x)$ is provable.

Recognition and acquisition

Corpora are not the exclusive source of knowledge in corpus-based term extraction. In particular, pre-existing term bases can be used in conjunction with corpora for extracting terminological knowledge. The advantage is twofold: only terms which are not yet in the base are produced and semantic links are acquired between initial terms and new terminological material. This paper reports on three methods for acquiring terminological knowledge from corpora and occurrences of terms within these corpora: acquisition of terms from recurrent variants, acquisition of terms from variant deconstructions, and acquisition of morphological knowledge from approximate equalities between occurrences.