Tenured Professor Research Articles

Book review of "Palace of ashes: China and the decline of American higher education"

Ferrara, M. S. (2015). Palace of Ashes: and the Decline of American Higher Education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pages: 206. Price: 29.95 USD (hardcover).This book is a case study of education (HE) in the US, or rather two studies, as developments in the US are compared with developments in the HE sector in China. While the focus is mainly on the last 30 years the study goes back to the very beginnings of learning both in the West and in China, which helps one's understanding of the different roots and traditions of what much later became known as higher education. Although he is no education researcher, the author is well qualified to undertake such a study as he is familiar with both countries, having taught and lived for several years in (as well as South Korea), is familiar with the Chinese language, and has traveled widely in as the director of the Chinese Exchange Program at Drake University. A professor of English, he currently holds a faculty position at the State University of New York.Ferrara's main argument is that, while is massively investing in education and in universities in particular, universities in the US are losing their position as world-wide leaders in education due to major cuts of public budgets for education and, partly as a consequence, the adoption of a neoliberal agenda-i.e., of corporate values and organization. The list of Ferrara's complaints about the decline of US education is long and includes: the erosion of academic freedom through the loss of faculty governance; the disappearance of tenured professors and their replacement, on the one hand, by poorly paid and disposable lecturers, and, on the other, a growing class of overpaid administrators; and rising tuition, which makes education unaffordable for many students or puts them into debt for years after graduation. Similarly, the author bemoans the disappearance or significant reduction of the role of the liberal arts, and generally the vocationalization of education programs at the expense of the humanities and social studies.This list is neither new nor unfamiliar, since many books have been published over the last ten years or so in the US on the crisis of the university, most of them written by faculty members like Ferrara or other university insiders (e.g., Derek Bok, former Harvard president, who published Universities in the Marketplace: The Commercialization of Higher Education, in 2003). What is new and original, however, is his juxtaposition of the two largest education systems in the world, belonging to the two biggest economic powers.Describing the Chinese system, Ferrara does not idealize it but points out several major flaws that are keeping it from ascending to real academic excellence and becoming a world model. The most important of these is the lack of academic freedom of faculty members because of the tight control by the Communist Party and the state authorities. Likewise, the massive clampdown at Tiananmen Square against student protests in the spring of 1989 is mentioned as an example of a tightly controlled education system, which is at odds with the Western ideals of free and critical thinking and freedom of (academic) speech.The author's comparison of the two systems gives just one, but an important advantage over the US: the recognition that education and academic research are the most important elements of modernization and competition in a global market and that, therefore, they must be recognized and financed accordingly.Although the book's subtitle China and the Decline of American Higher Education seems to suggest that China's massive investment and build-up of education infrastructure and capacity has a direct or indirect effect on developments in US education, this is not substantiated in the book. …

The Hole by Sora Kim-Russell

that Ebola provokes and leaves one at times shivering, wanting a scrub-down in a chlorine bath. Recalling Ken Bugul’s Le Baobab fou (1982), Baobab affirms the essential role of trees in the history and future of the world. As arbre à palabres, he listens to the contemporary voices and remembers the elders’ confidences and discussions of matters of justice and survival under its branches. As arbre à paroles, the symbolic tree expresses the hope that lessons have been learned to prevent another deadly Ebola outbreak. Ancestrally wise like Tadjo’s urban Mask in Le Seigneur de la danse (1993), the sacred tree draws on the Congolese researcher’s understanding of the universe and Bat’s advice to accept the world’s biodiversity to suggest a pact of mutual goodwill between humans and nature in order to preserve the planet’s well-being. Using Ebola as exemplum, and refuting simplistic explanations about the dire epidemic’s source with Baobab’s wise and cautionary storytelling, with En compagnie des hommes Véronique Tadjo draws up a polyphonic ecological fable for the twenty-first century. Sarah Davies Cordova University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Andrée A. Michaud. Boundary: The Last Summer. Trans. Donald Winkler. Windsor, Canada. Biblioasis. 2017. 331 pages. Crime novels are commonly praised as “page-turners,” but there is a different kind of excellence in which each page invites savoring. To hurry through such a book misses the point of its art. Boundary is one of those rare novels, rich in character and detail, evoking a place made as iconic as Yoknapatawpha by the author’s sensitive depiction. The story takes place in an area just inside Québec near the US border, where outsiders keep summer cabins and locals struggle through the winter. Three prepubescent girls are enjoying what is likely their last summer of childhood when one of them is murdered gruesomely in the woods with a bear trap. Told in multiple points of view, with little dialogue, the novel is mostly about the effect this horror has on the people in the area. The architecture of the murder mystery unifies this story, with the usual elements of crime, investigation, and revelation ; however, the novel becomes much more than a “whodunit” by using the mystery as a metaphor for the passage from innocence to experience, between knowing the world as a place of wondrous summer days and learning how dark is the night. The girls, for example, discover the miracle of their first kiss but are soon confronted with the sexual implications suggested by the murder. One of the boys seems instantly to become a man after seeing the body of his murdered friend. The loss of innocence, or perhaps of illusion, is just as profound in the adults. A serpent invades their wooded Eden, and the inhabitants are forever cursed from the Tree of Knowledge. The local constable carries on out of a sense of duty, but the evil that has been revealed makes him know he cannot face anything like these crimes again. Boundary is a haunting novel, rich with the details of the families’ daily lives and brilliant internal monologue, but the translation doesn’t draw attention to itself, a common flaw in translators too conscious of the masterful prose they are rendering . This is particularly appropriate here as Michaud’s remarkable writing seems entirely relaxed, belying what can only be very meticulously composed. Boundary has been recognized by a number of prizes in Canada, including the author’s second Governor General’s Award for Fiction. She deserves to be better known as one of the best writers in North America. J. Madison Davis Palmyra, Virginia Hye-young Pyun. The Hole. Trans. Sora Kim-Russell. New York. Arcade. 2017. 208 pages. The Hole, by Hye-young Pyun, one of South Korea’s most notable writers, embarks on an intriguing premise. What happens when a successful life is destroyed after a terrible accident? And if the responsibility for this accident lies with the sole survivor: the dead woman’s husband? These complex moral questions drive the novel to its dark, fearless end. Oghi is a tenured professor, a self-made man who has married well. He is also...

Advances in Soft Functional Materials Research

Advances in Soft Functional Materials Research

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Coumert, M. y Dumézil, B. (2013): Los reinos bárbaros en Occidente (traducción de Peinado Santaella, R. G.: Les royaumes barbares en Occident, Presses Universitaires de France, 2010). Editorial Universidad de Granada. Granada. 156 págs.

El libro que nos proponemos reseñar es una traducción de Rafael G. Peinado Santaella del conocido libro Les royaumes barbares en Occident (Presses Universitaires de France, 2010) y cuya autoría recae en Magali Coumert y Bruno Dumézil. Magali Coumert es profesora titular en la Universidad de Bretaña occidental y su campo de estudio siempre ha versado en la época conocida como Antigüedad Tardía y/o Alta Edad Media, destacando su obra L’origine des peuples. Les récits du Haut Moyen Áge occidental (550-850) (Institut d’Études Augustiniennes, 2007). El segundo autor de este libro es Bruno Dumézil que es profesor titular en la Univerdad de París Oeste-Nanterre La Défense y su campo de estudio ha estado enfocado sobre todo al mundo de la tardoantigüedad con cierta predominancia del reino austrasiano en sus trabajos, de ahí que sea autor de grandes publicaciones entre la que debemos destacar su obra de referencia: La Reine Brunehaut (Fayard, 2008). The book that we propose to review is a translation by Rafael G. Peinado Santaella of the well-known book Les royaumes barbares en Occident (Presses Universitaires de France, 2010) and whose authorship falls on Magali Coumert and Bruno Dumézil. Magali Coumert is a tenured professor at the University of Western Brittany and her field of study has always been in the period known as Late Antiquity and / or High Middle Ages, highlighting her work L’origine des peuples. Les récits du Haut Moyen Áge occidental (550-850) (Institut d'Études Augustiniennes, 2007). The second author of this book is Bruno Dumézil who is a tenured professor at the University of Paris West-Nanterre La Défense and his field of study has been focused mainly on the world of late antiquity with a certain predominance of the Austrasian kingdom in his works, hence that he is the author of great publications, among which we must highlight his reference work: La Reine Brunehaut (Fayard, 2008).

Some LIS Faculty Indicate Reservations about Open Access

A Review of:
 Peekhaus, W., & Proferes, N. (2015). How library and information science faculty perceive and engage with open access. Journal of Information Science, 41(5), 640-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551515587855
 
 Objective – To examine the awareness of, attitudes toward, and engagement with open access (OA) publishing, based on rank and tenure status among library and information science (LIS) faculty in North America.
 
 Design – Web-based survey distributed via email.
 
 Setting – Accredited library and information science (LIS) programs in North America.
 
 Subjects – 276 professors and professors emeriti.
 
 Methods – Researchers collected email addresses for 1,017 tenure-track, tenured, and emeriti professors from the public websites of the LIS programs. Researchers sent an email invitation to participate in the survey by accessing a URL, with the survey itself delivered using Qualtrics software. The survey included 51 total questions, some with additional sub-questions, and most items used Likert-type rating scale. The researchers analysed the data using SPSS software, and indicated using chi-square tests to measure significance, with a stated intent to get beyond the descriptive statistics commonly seen in other publications. 
 
 Main Results – This study’s results draw on 276 completed responses, for a response rate of 27%. Researchers reported that 53% of respondents had some experience with publishing in a peer-reviewed OA format. When asked whether they agreed that scholarly articles should be free to access for everyone, pre-tenure assistant professors were most likely to agree (74%), followed by tenured associate professors (62%), full professors (59%) and then emeriti professors (8%). However, they found less likelihood that associate professors would have actually published in an OA format, highlighting a “disconnect between beliefs about accessibility of research and actual practice with open access” (p. 646). Researchers also discovered a connection between faculty awareness of institutional and disciplinary repositories and faculty publishing in OA journals, though a relatively low number (35%) had deposited their output in a repository within the previous year. That increases to 50% of respondents when timeframe is ignored.
 
 Faculty who had never published in OA journals ranked several barriers to doing so, barriers common across disciplinary boundaries. These include objections to paying OA fees; perceptions of slow time to publish, low research impact, and venue prestige when compared to traditional subscription journals; an inability to identify an appropriate OA journal; and an inability to pay OA fees. However, the researchers note that a majority of these respondents who had never published in an OA format would do so if these barriers were removed. Those participants who had some previous experience with OA were more likely to have positive perceptions of OA journal quality and impact, as well as the overall publishing experience, as compared to publishing in traditional journals. 
 
 As in other disciplines, LIS faculty are conscious of the connection between OA and tenure and promotion processes. For example, this study reveals that non-tenured faculty are more likely to agree that publishing in OA venues may affect their career progress. Researchers report uncertainty about OA even among tenured LIS faculty. Of all respondents, only 34% agreed that a tenure or promotion committee might consider an OA publication on par with a traditional publication, while 44% of respondents were of the opinion that an OA publication would be treated less favourably than a traditional journal. A mere 1% of respondents believed that an OA publication would be treated more favourably within the tenure and promotion process. Despite this unfavourable perception of OA, the researchers report that 38% of respondents planned to publish in an OA journal regardless of whether their tenure and promotion committees might treat that OA publication unfavourably.
 
 Conclusion – The researchers report a connection between publishing in an OA journal and academic rank, with full professors more likely to publish OA or to have previous experience in publishing in an OA journal as compared to assistant professor colleagues, who perceive publishing in OA as a potential impediment to career progress. The researchers note that there is significant opportunity for LIS faculty involved in tenure and promotion committees to consider and clarify how OA publications are treated, and the impact of OA publishing with regard to career progress. Moreover, given the levels of uncertainty and equivocacy among faculty respondents as a whole regarding certain aspects of OA, the perceptions around quality and rigour, there is room for further research into LIS professors’ perceptions and attitudes toward open access, and how these change over time.

Newton and the Big Apple.

When I graduated from college 15 years ago, I had the same goal as many beginning astrophysicists: to become a tenured professor. I was living at my parents' house in the New York City suburbs, preparing to pursue a master's degree in England followed by a Ph.D. at the University of California (UC

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Reaction: And You, of Tender Years

Ryan Shenvi is a tenured associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute. His lab is engaged in three main topics: the study of secondary metabolites containing unusual pharmacophores, the design of combinatorial routes to neurotransmitter receptor ligands, and the development of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrogen-atom-transfer reactions.

Message from the President: First Message to Members with Some Thoughts on Graduate Student and Early Career Scientist Professional Development

Message from the President: First Message to Members with Some Thoughts on Graduate Student and Early Career Scientist Professional Development

An interview with Don Hedeker

Don Hedeker was born in the late 1950s in Chicago, Illinois. He attended public schools in Chicago and did his undergraduate work at the University of Chicago, earning a degree in Economics in 1980. In 1981, he began graduate work in the Department of Behavioral Sciences, Committee on Research Methodology and Quantitative Psychology at the University of Chicago. He completed his dissertation in 1989 under the direction of Darrell Bock. In 1993, Don accepted a faculty position at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) where he was promoted to tenured Associate Professor in 1996 and to Full Professor in 2001. He spent 20 years on the faculty at UIC, leaving in 2014 in order to return to the University of Chicago as a Professor of Biostatistics in the Department of Public Health Sciences. Don’s main expertise is in the development and dissemination of advanced statistical methods for clustered and longitudinal data. In addition to many methodological papers in these areas, Don has developed several freeware computer programs for statistical analysis of such data. To date, he has published over 180 papers and 1 book. Don is also an accomplished musician, and has played in bands since high school. This interview was conducted in honor of Don being awarded the 2015 Long-term Excellence Award from the Health Policy Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association. The interview took place in Don’s office at the University of Chicago on December 23, 2015.

Eficiencia en el uso de bases de datos digitales para la producción científica en universidades de Colombia

This paper presents an assessment of efficiency in the use of digital databases (DD) for scientific production in Colombian accredited universities in 2013. The methodology used was the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The number of DD and the number of tenured professors were used as input. The number of scientific publications indexed in Scopus was used as output. The results show an inefficient use of inputs to produce scientific publications at most of the universities analyzed. The policy recommendations are: the joint purchase of DD, the use of open access resources, and to adjust policies of incentives for research by international trends.

Lessons from a bridge generation.

I am part of a bridge generation: the middle of three generations of women working in the sciences. My mother, a cognitive scientist and tenured professor, received her Ph.D. in 1961. I earned my Ph.D. in 1985 and am now a tenured professor of neurobiology. My daughter is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in biology and looks forward to a career in scientific research. Looking across the three generations in my family, I see huge improvements in the experience of women in science, but obstacles still remain for my daughter's generation. ![Figure][1] ILLUSTRATION: ROBERT NEUBECKER > “I believe there is reason to be optimistic [for] my daughter's generation.” My mother dealt with explicit sexism throughout her career. As an undergraduate, her advisers suggested that she embark on a master's program that would be more flexible for beginning a family, rather than the Ph.D. program she had in mind. When she finished her Ph.D., her advisers assumed it marked the end of her scientific career and that she would stay home to care for her growing family. When she applied for her first grant, she deliberately eliminated all indications of her gender so that the reviewers would assume that her first name, Sydney, was a man's. In spite of the obstacles, my mother felt her career demonstrated that women could succeed in academic science. Because of her influence, I thought sexism was no longer an impediment to success and so could be ignored, and I was confident that I would not need to choose between children and career. My mentors also provided strong encouragement and support, which strengthened my belief that sexism would not be an obstacle for me. In retrospect, though, I recognize that my peers and I dealt with attitudes that would now be considered sexist, if not illegal. When a professor propositioned us, we assumed this was acceptable behavior, and all we could do was change classes and alert our friends. When our evaluations and reference letters stated we were “quiet” or we “asked for help frequently,” we assumed this indicated our deficiencies. Only later did we realize that such comments are disproportionately used for women, often to the detriment of their careers. These seemingly minor impediments discouraged many of the researchers in my cohort from continuing in science. As my career progressed, I gradually became aware of the attitudes and policies pervading science that are discouraging to women. When I started as a tenure-track assistant professor with two young children, I chose to reduce my salary so that I could concentrate on developing my research program without conflicting administrative duties. Instead, my department chair expected me to do as much administrative work as my male peers, who had negotiated higher salaries and better titles. After being awarded a grant for early-stage investigators, I was dismayed to find that I, the lone woman recipient, was the only one not asked to speak at the foundation meeting. Each episode may be minor, but over time, such incidents accumulate and hinder career advancement. I believe there is reason to be optimistic that scientists in my daughter's generation are less likely to encounter such situations. At a recent meeting, two younger women stated that they had never experienced any sexism. I am thrilled to hear this—and I hope it truly reflects an improved environment for women. I worry, however, that it is the same attitude I had early in my career, when gender issues seemed too minor for complaint. My daughter knows that sexism in science exists and that bias is often unconscious. This awareness prepares her to confront sexist behaviors politely but firmly, confident that the behavior will change and will not impede her success. My hope for her and her generation of scientists is that continued awareness of bias will help push the scientific community to initiate reforms that prevent “minor” problems from accumulating and creating disparities. [1]: pending:yes

Walter Rowe Courtenay, Jr. (1933–2014)

W ALTER R. COURTENAY, JR., ichthyologist and retired professor, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, died in Gainesville, Florida, on 30 January 2014 at age 80. Walt was born in Neenah, Wisconsin, on 6 November 1933, son of Walter and Emily Courtenay. Walt’s interest in fish began at a young age as evidenced by a childhood diary in which at 13 years of age he wrote about his first catch—a two-and-a-half pound ‘‘pike’’ from Lake Winnebago. When Walt turned ten, the family moved from Wisconsin to Nashville, Tennessee, the move precipitated by his father accepting a position as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. During those early days in Nashville, Walt’s father would take summers off and travel to Michigan to teach at Camp Miniwanca along the shore of Lake Michigan where father and son honed their angling skills. It was also at that time Walt’s father had definite views on what his son should be doing in adult life—in Walt’s case it was to become a medical doctor. However, his Woods Hole internship in marine biology and oceanography toward the end of his undergraduate years was a transformative experience for him so much so that he abandoned all ideas of becoming a medical doctor and instead specialized in ichthyology and oceanography. Apart from the inherent interest and opportunities Woods Hole opened to him, being back at the shore of a large body of water, in this case the Atlantic Ocean, was far more interesting than sitting in lectures on organic chemistry. With that, Walt completed his B.A. degree at Vanderbilt University in 1956. In 1960 while in graduate school in Miami, Walt met and married Francine Saporito, and over the next several years had two children, Walter III and Catherine. He went on to receive his M.S. in 1961 from The Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami on the systematics of the genus Haemulon (grunts) and his Ph.D. degree in 1965 working under his advisor C. Richard ‘‘Dick’’ Robins, also at Miami, with his dissertation entitled ‘‘Atlantic Fishes of the Genus Rypticus (Grammistidae): Systematics and Osteology.’’ Dick and wife Catherine Robins, also a fellow biologist, thought of him as a great friend to have. They fondly recalled that those of us who knewWalt in his early grad student days valued his sense of humor and unmistakable laugh, much of which was directed at bureaucratic foolishness and pomposity. However, he also had a very serious side when it came to justice and responsibility. During his graduate student years, Walt was primarily a fish morphologist, studying the structural variations of marine fishes found in the Western Atlantic. He devoted much of his time searching for and documenting certain anatomical traits useful in distinguishing one species from another, such as species-specific pigmentation patterns of juvenile fishes and scale and lateral line structures. In addition to his own research, he generously provided expert technical assistance to colleagues. Prior to completing his Ph.D., Walt accepted a position as a faculty member at Duke University (1963–65) followed by a position at Boston University (1965–67). Shortly thereafter Walt returned to Florida where he became a tenured professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton (1967–1999) where he twice served as department chair. Although Walt was back in Florida and close to the ocean, his research interests underwent a major change away from fish morphology. He soon began to take notice that Florida’s extensive network of manmade canals was becoming increasingly occupied by non-native fishes, in particular and most notably the Walking Catfish (Clarias batrachus). As a result, much of Walt’s early work was focused on determining the distributions of Clarias and other fishes typically found in the aquarium trade such as poeciliids and cichlids which by the 1960s were already established in the inland waters of Florida. Walt clearly saw the potential for problems associated with exotic species early on and devoted nearly all of his career to research and education on this issue. At various times in his career, Walt also held research appointments with the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He also served as a consultant on introduced fishes for the Fishery Resources and Environment Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Budapest and Rome in 1988, the Foundation for Research Development, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa in 1988, the South Australia Department of Fisheries, Adelaide, Australia in 1989, and the Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States in 1991–92. For the 1986–87 academic Fig. 1. Walter R. Courtenay, Jr. in 2008.

In Memoriam: David A. Flockhart, 1952–2015

We lost David Flockhart on Thanksgiving Day, 2015. He was 63 years old, and had battled cancer for more than a year. David Flockhart was a pioneer and innovator in the field of pharmacogenetics. His conceptual contributions to pharmacogenomics date back more than 20 years, when most of us were learning to recognize the word. He is best known for his work on the pharmacogenomics of breast cancer, and the responsiveness of the disease to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor treatment. He also made major contributions to understanding the genetic basis for individual variations in pharmacokinetics and clinical response to warfarin, clopidogrel, opiates, antiretroviral drugs, and antidepressants. Despite his conviction of the importance of medical genetics and pharmacogenomics, David retained a critical and questioning outlook, cautioning us about the limitations of the discipline, and the potential downside of widespread or routine genetic profiling. David's scientific work was consistently insightful and of high scientific merit, but his overall objective always was to improve the length and quality of life of ill patients. As such, his impact on both biomedical science and clinical patient care was broad and profound. David was a native of Scotland—the oldest of five children born to D. Ross Flockhart and Pamela Ellison Flockhart. Following his early education in Aberdeen and Edinburgh, he received his undergraduate degree from the University of Bristol in 1973, and his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the Welsh National School of Medicine in 1976. David came to Nashville in 1976, serving first as post-doctoral research associate, then as assistant professor, in the Department of Physiology at Vanderbilt University through 1984. David's soul was set on becoming a physician—he wanted to assure that the science had an impact on humanity. He enrolled at the University of Miami School of Medicine, graduating in 1987. He did his residency training in internal medicine at Georgetown University, finishing as chief medical resident at the Fairfax Hospital in 1991. His voluntary shouldering of the chief residency position—one of medicine's thankless and relentless tasks—says a great deal about David's dedication to patient care and medical education. The same dedication persisted throughout the rest of his career. Following residency, David stayed on for fellowship training in clinical pharmacology at the legendary Georgetown University Division of Clinical Pharmacology, with Ray Woosley as his mentor. David joined the faculty in 1993, and rose to tenured associate professor in 1999. He was named Chair and Chief of the Division in 2000, and was a consistent advocate for and supporter of the discipline of clinical pharmacology. Craig Brater recruited David to Indiana University School of Medicine in 2001, where he became Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medical Genetics, and Director of Clinical Pharmacology. He was appointed as the Gladstein Chair in Cancer Genomics in 2007, and Director of the Indiana University Institute for Personalized Medicine in 2011. David Flockhart was a national and international leader in cancer pharmacogenomics. He served on or directed numerous scientific symposia, workshops, and policy-making advisory groups. He served as Principal Investigator for the NIH Pharmacogenetics Research Network, and for the Consortium on Breast Cancer Pharmacogenomics. He participated as visiting scientist or guest speaker at the invitation of numerous academic institutions, medical and scientific societies, hospitals, and government agencies. The quality and impact of David's work has been recognized by his peers through awards such as the Rawls-Palmer Progress in Medicine Award from the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2011), and the Nathaniel T. Kwit Distinguished Service Award from the American College of Clinical Pharmacology (2009). With no hesitation, he accepted our invitation to serve on the Editorial Board of Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development, despite a number of existing editorial board commitments. Above all, David remained devoted to his patients and his students. He was kind and compassionate to the patients under his care, and spent as much time as necessary to assure their best possible treatment. To his students and trainees he was equally devoted, enthusiastic, careful, and thorough. He always believed that scientific advances had to be translated into improved patient care. David loved his family. He loved music, and took great pride in his Scottish beginnings. He retained the quaint Scottish lilt to his speech. David Flockhart was a great scientist, colleague, and friend. We will miss him.

Who becomes a tenured professor, and why? Panel data evidence from German sociology, 1980–2013

Prior studies that try to explain who gets tenure and why remain inconclusive, especially on whether non-meritocratic factors influence who becomes a professor. Based on career and publication data of virtually all sociologists working in German sociology departments, we test how meritocratic factors (academic productivity) as well as non-meritocratic factors (ascription, symbolic and social capital) influence the chances of getting a permanent professorship in sociology. Our findings show that getting tenure in sociology is strongly related to scholarly output, as previous studies have shown. Improving on existing studies, however, we show specifically that each refereed journal article and each monograph increases a sociologist's chance for tenure by 10 to 15 percent, while other publications affect odds for tenure only marginally and in some cases even negatively. Regarding non-meritocratic factors, we show that network size, individual reputation, and gender matters. Women get their first permanent position as university professor with on average 23 to 44 percent fewer publications than men; all else being equal, they are about 1.4 times more likely to get tenure than men. The article generally contributes to a better understanding of the role of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors in achieving scarce and highly competitive job positions in academia.

The Black Doctors of Colonial Lima: Science, Race, and Writing in Colonial and Early Republican Peru by José R. Jouve Martín

Reviewed by: The Black Doctors of Colonial Lima: Science, Race, and Writing in Colonial and Early Republican Peru by José R. Jouve Martín Ruth Hill Jouve Martín, José R. The Black Doctors of Colonial Lima: Science, Race, and Writing in Colonial and Early Republican Peru. Canada: McGill-Queen’s UP, 2014. 203 pp. On one hand, José R. Jouve Martín’s newest book, The Black Doctors of Colonial Lima: Science, Race, and Writing in Colonial and Early Republican Peru (2014), signals a departure from his first effort, Esclavos de la ciudad letrada: esclavitud, escritura y colonialismo en Lima (1650-1700) (2009). The earlier title focused on seventeenth-century Lima and how persons of varying degrees of sub-Saharan African ancestry, free or enslaved, navigated that bureaucratic and literary maze of social control and representation limned by Angel Rama in La ciudad letrada. The present monograph, in contrast, brings to the forefront health policy, medicine, and the “limits of racial domination” (to borrow Douglas Cope’s felicitous phrase) during the long eighteenth century, when late-viceregal institutions ostensibly gave way to republican ones. On the other hand, there is an intellectual and methodological consistency that situates Jouve Martín’s two books within a personal and collective trajectory of anti-racist scholarship and pedagogy. As a result, both books are essential titles for scholars and teachers interested in understanding racial formations in Peru, and in how Afro-Peruvians negotiated and resisted racial, caste, and legal hierarchies from the seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century. The Black Doctors of Colonial Lima imparts to readers the life stories of a handful of mulatto, pardo, and black physicians from Lima: José Manuel Valdés, José Manuel Dávalos, and José Pastor Larrinaga. It is the first book-length study devoted to such physicians in any one city of colonial and early republican Latin America. As such, its scope and its intentions are both daring and original, and the Introduction clearly presents to readers the novelty of the subject matter as well as the organization of the volume’s materials and themes. Although I could not possibly do justice to Jouve Martín’s slim volume within the span of this review, I shall try to communicate its ambitions and its achievements. As a historian of science, I was surprised by the many ways in which Afro-Peruvian physicians transcended their medical profession and entered the public sphere and the literary establishment during the early nineteenth century. This was made possible because certain government and university officials, reaffirming the informal policy known as Obedezco, pero no cumplo, elected to not maintain all of the barriers erected by institutional racism. As a result, a handful of mulatto, pardo, and black physicians not only were aware of key scientific achievements of the Enlightenment but also contributed to the same in Peru, their writings finding publishers as far away as Madrid, Granada, and Montpellier. Moreover, they associated with powerful Crown figures in the sciences and they had a voice in public health policy matters and debates in Peru. The advancement of the sciences during the long eighteenth century was of course predicated on the alliance of literati and government (Church and Crown officials alike), as many previous scholars have demonstrated. [End Page 765] By a closely watched barometer of Enlightenment values, the three Afro-Peruvian physicians appear to have conformed completely to the dominant culture. “Like many of his contemporaries,” Jouve Martín concludes, “Valdés rejected the existence of a rift between the two [spheres, medicine and religion]. He saw them as inextricably linked. The church had strongly influenced the practice of medicine in Peru since early colonial times, and it continued to do so, well into the nineteenth century” (Black Doctors 128). Here the outsized critical literature on the Catholic Enlightenment would have been helpful to Jouve Martín’s argument as well as to his readers’ understanding of early modern and modern Spanish and Latin American science. Valdés, as the author of the current study reveals, rose to the position of surgeon general (protomedicato general) of the Republic in 1835, under President Felipe Salaverry. He also was a tenured professor...

17th Annual American Indian Studies Association Conference Presidential Address: American Indian Studies/Native American Studies in a Twenty-First Century World: Practices and Opportunities

17th Annual American Indian Studies Association Conference Presidential AddressAmerican Indian Studies/Native American Studies in a Twenty-First Century World: Practices and Opportunities Lloyd L. Lee (bio) Good morning. I am honored and pleased to be in Akimel O'odham territory participating with esteemed scholars, students, and community members at the 17th Annual American Indian Studies Association conference. I want to thank the members of the American Indian Studies Association Council (Myla Vicenti Carpio, Jeanette Haynes Writer, Elise Boxer, Richard Meyers, Larry Gross, Tennille Marley, Simon Ortiz, and Michael Yellow Bird), Elizabeth Martos, and the American Indian studies program here at Arizona State University for hosting this conference. I am a citizen of the Navajo Nation. My clans are Kinyaa'áanii (Towering House), born for Tł'ááschíí (Red Bottom). My maternal grandfather's clan is Áshįįhí (Salt), and my paternal grandfather's clan is Tábąąhá (Water's Edge). I grew up in Albuquerque, Naschitti, and Vanderwagon, New Mexico, and continue to keep a close association with my communities by voting in tribal elections; attending ceremonies, celebrations, funerals; and talking with community members on various topics related to education, politics, tribal governance, identity, leadership, environment, sports, and so forth. In my academic life, I am an associate professor of Native American studies at the University of New Mexico and the director of the Institute for American Indian Research. My academic training is in the discipline of American studies with an emphasis in Southwest studies, race, class, ethnicity, and American Indian history. My research focuses [End Page 5] are on American Indian identity, Navajo masculinities, Navajo philosophies, American Indian leadership, Navajo transformative research, and American Indian community building. I presently teach courses on identity, tribal governance, leadership, gender, research methods, community building, and worldviews. Like many of my colleagues in AIS/NAS, I have spent a good part of my academic career theorizing and writing about colonization, decolonization, identity, gender, philosophies, and Native nation building. My future research plans include an oral history project on the Navajo Special Program at Intermountain school in the 1950s and early 1960s, develop a clearinghouse for the Navajo boy's puberty ceremony, examine the concept of American Indian creativity and cultural production, and develop a praxis approach to decolonizing the Navajo Nation. I anticipate this second stage of my work will assist students and the discipline in American Indian community building and empowerment. I've worked in Native American studies officially for the past eight years; but, I've really been a part of it my whole life. I want to share with you my thoughts on the state of AIS/NAS and the opportunities our discipline faces this century. I will discuss several American Indian scholarly perspectives on the discipline, highlight four AIS/NAS departments and programs, and end with my views on five opportunities our discipline faces. I've examined various American Indian scholars on the state of AIS/NAS including Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, Vine Deloria Jr., Clara Sue Kidwell, James Riding In, Michael Yellow Bird, Jace Weaver, Duane Champagne, Robert Warrior, Audra Simpson, Melissa K. Nelson, and Sidner Larson. All of these great minds project key thoughts about the history of American Indian studies/Native American studies (AIS/NAS) and what we need to do. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's "Who Stole Native American Studies?," published in Wicazo Sa Review in 1997, describes the first American Indian scholars' gathering in 1970 at Princeton University. The scholars at the gathering called on AIS/NAS to focus on indigenousness (culture, place, and philosophy) and sovereignty (history and law). They also supported research on Native-based practitioners and tenured professors would be expected to develop appropriate research designs, collect data, and publish.1 Jace Weaver's "More Light Than Heat: The Current State of Native American Studies," published in 2007, declares the AIS/NAS field a mess. He advocates the field needs to serve Native peoples, communities, and develop an academic association where colleges and universities respect the field. He believes the Native American Indigenous Studies Association is such an academic association although the American Indian Studies Association has been in existence longer and was envisioned and developed by AIS/NAS professors and...

Presidential Address by Athalya Brenner-Idan

Presidential Address by Athalya Brenner-Idan Athalya Brenner-Idan President of the Society of Biblical Literature 2015 Annual Meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature 21 November 2015 Atlanta, Georgia Introduction given by Beverly Roberts Gaventa Vice President, Society of Biblical Literature doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1351.2016.1351 My very great privilege this evening is to introduce our president, Professor Athalya Brenner-Idan. A native of Haifa with an undergraduate degree from Haifa University and a master’s degree from Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Athalya Brenner-Idan completed her doctoral work at Manchester University in England. Under the direction of the late Professor James Barr, she wrote a dissertation, which later became her first monograph, on terms for color in the Hebrew Bible.1 Moving away from a standard comparative approach, Brenner-Idan drew on developments in anthro-pological linguistics to structure her approach to the topic. That book was greeted with just the sort of appreciative comment that signals the arrival of a diligent, well-trained, traditional scholar. Writing in the Journal of Biblical Literature, for example, Baruch Halpern began his review by observing the “exceptional difficulties” surrounding a study of terms for color; he concluded the review by characterizing Brenner-Idan’s work a “major advance in Hebrew lexicography” that would “want no substantial revisions in this generation.”2 Not surprisingly, Colour Terms opened the door for our president’s first teaching position, at Haifa University. At around the same time, as she has described it in a personal reflection, [End Page 3] “political feminism came to Israel.”3 Stimulated by the concerns being raised—both in academic circles and beyond—Professor Brenner-Idan undertook her second book, The Israelite Woman: Social Role and Literary Type in Biblical Narrative.4 Her expectation was that this book, combined with her earlier publications, would secure her promotion to the status of senior lecturer, the equivalent of a tenured associate professor in the American system. The Israelite Woman achieved a great deal in the scholarly world, yet its reception closer to home was anything but welcoming. She was denied promotion on the grounds that “feminist research was not truly academic, not meaningful, a passing fad and waste of time and energy and money.”5 When she appealed the decision, a senior administrator dismissively suggested—with a cordial air—that she should consider finding a teaching position in a high school.6 Professor Brenner-Idan has written with her characteristic candor about the pain and anger generated by this event. Yet it is clear that The Israelite Woman, and this Israeli woman in particular, was scarcely derailed by rejection. In the Netherlands, she has held posts at Radboud University and the University of Amsterdam, where she is Professor Emerita. She has also taught at Tel Aviv University, Brite Divinity School, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She continues to be Extraordinary Professor in the theology faculty at Stellenbosch University as well as a research associate at the Biblia Arabica project of Tel Aviv University. Following the publication of The Israelite Woman, Brenner-Idan entered into an unusual scholarly collaboration with Fokkelien van Dijk-Hemmes, with whom she wrote On Gendering Texts.7 I call it unusual in that it began with a disagreement about method; yet, rather than simply issuing acerbic reviews of one another’s work, the two found a way to write in dialogue within a single volume. The result is a rich study exploring the possibility of hearing female “voices” within and behind biblical texts. A subsequent volume, The Intercourse of Knowledge, was published by Brenner-Idan alone, following the untimely death of her friend and collaborator.8 Surely the boldest venture undertaken by our president—at least so far—is her book, I Am—: Biblical Women Tell Their Own Stories. Here she presents an imaginary conference in which all of the participants are women; specifically, they are [End Page 4] biblical characters whose deaths are not mentioned in the texts. Each woman presents the conference with her own “autobiography,” beginning with the biblical text but ranging to the character’s ongoing life in interpretation. Barriers between fiction and nonfiction tumble down as...

Art For Irs’ Sake: Hobby Loss Rules And Artistic Endeavors

In Crile v. Commissioner, T. C. Memo. 2014-202 (Oct. 2, 2014), the United States Tax Court recently ruled that a tenured art professor’s artistic endeavors constituted a “business” rather than a “hobby.” Internal Revenue Code Section 183 limits taxpayers’ deductions to the extent of income earned if the activity is not engaged in for profit, i.e. a hobby, rather than a business. In this presentation, we examine the nine factors considered by the court in distinguishing between businesses and hobbies and discuss how the facts and circumstances of the taxpayer in this case prompted the court to decide in her favor. Practical recommendations are made to assist taxpayers to determine whether their art constitutes a hobby or an activity engaged in for profit and how to strategize their activities so that they too can deduct expenses despite the fact that a profit may not have been realized.