Tenured Professor Research Articles

The Charles Koch Foundation and Contracted Universities: Evidence from Disclosed Agreements

Since 2000, the Charles Koch Foundation (CKF) has paid hundreds of millions of dollars to US universities in contractual exchanges. Many of these contracts have dictated the establishment or support of a CKF-affiliated center or institute on campus and university employment of CKF-affiliated tenured or tenure-track professors who agree to promote the CKF philosophy of minimal government regulation of business. While many in the academic community are opposed to these contracts because of concerns about academic freedom and the transfer of university decision-making from the campus to the external wealthy, the CKF has successfully forged many such contracts with universities. While most of these contracts are undisclosed, 14 of these contracts were obtained and analyzed to determine what the CKF has been purchasing from these universities.

The Contingency Professor, the Tenured Professor, and the Generalist: Life as a Community College Political Scientist

An academic career at a community college is in a number of ways quite different from a career at a four-year university. From the emphasis on teaching and pedagogy to the absence of the “publish or perish” imperative (at least in most parts of the country), community college professors often navigate an array of challenges different from those navigated by university professors. Indeed, this is certainly the case with political scientists at community colleges. In this article, I address two important issues that are common in academic life at the two-year institution: (1) the role of contingency faculty and the transition from that to full-time/tenured status and (2) the importance of teaching across the subfields in political science at the two-year level.

Examination of correlates of H-index as a measure of research productivity for library and information science faculty in the United States and Canada

This research analyzes research productivity among Library and Information Science (LIS) faculty based on number of publications and citations throughout the careers of tenure-track and tenured professors in LIS schools with an American Library Association-accredited Master of LIS program. The h-index is examined as a representative measure of LIS faculty output using a regression analysis. Based on observed variance in h-index and other research productivity measures across LIS schools, a regression is conducted based on several variables that distinguish these schools: Research 1 status, proportion of faculty who are full professors, where the university is located, whether the LIS school has a Ph.D. program, and whether the school is a member of the iSchool consortium. Findings indicate that h-index effectively represents the relative number of publications and citations a professor has while mitigating the impact of a few highly-cited publications that are not representative of an entire body of work. In addition to Research 1 status and proportion of full professors, iSchool membership is identified as a factor that influences a LIS school’s h-index vale. These findings have relevance to LIS readers interested in analyzing productivity of individual researchers and schools, researchers interested in the measurement of the effect of the h-index value on evaluating research productivity, and readers interested in the impact of the iSchool movement on research in LIS.

The beginnings of English studies at the University of Iaşi

‘A Hundred Years of Romania’ represents an opportunity to remember, among many other momentous events of the past century, the establishment of English studies at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, the oldest higher education institution in Romania, inaugurated in October of 1860, one year after the establishment of the Romanian state. Before the establishment of the first English chair in 1925 as an outcome of the unprecedented socio-political development in Romania following the First World War, however, the Romanian literary journals in Iaşi had already been publishing articles and reviews aiming to acquaint Romanian readers with an unfamiliar English culture. Research on the study of English in Romania is scarce and there is controversy as to when and where English was first introduced in the Romanian university curriculum – some researchers suggest 1917 or 1918 at the University of Iaşi. This paper explores the historical context of the inception of institutionalized English studies at the University of Iaşi and the seminal contribution of Iancu Botez, one of the founders of the journal Viaţa Românească, who taught English at Liceul Naţional before he became the first tenured university professor. The ups and downs of English studies in Moldavia and Romania in general are a relevant topic not only from a historical viewpoint but also from the present perspective where Romania has a poor public image.

Applications open for PRF grants

The American Chemical Society Office of Research Grants is accepting proposals for Petroleum Research Fund grants. The proposals must be directed to fundamental petroleum research and be in one of 10 specified subject matter areas. Grants are available for professors beginning their first tenure-track position and for established tenure-track or tenured professors pursuing a new direction in their research. Separate grant types are available for qualified professors in institutions that do not have doctoral programs. The deadline to submit a proposal is 5:00 p.m. (EDT) on March 15. For application forms and further details, visit goo.gl/xM6q5Q.

Finding Cybernetics

At mid-career as a tenured professor of modern literature, I finally found cybernetics. It was a slow-rolling revelation, a protracted unraveling, for it took me quite a while to unwrap cybernetics’ conceptual core from out of the layers of adjacent or covering discourses that had obscured or forgotten their own origins in the fecundity of cybernetic ideas. Heinz von Foerster’s relation to the Whole Earth Catalog and the systems counterculture around CoEvolution Quarterly were instrumental for my subsequent cybernetic development toward the work of Maturana, Varela, and Luhmann on the one hand, and Lovelock and Margulis on the other.

Enjambment – Irony, Wit, Emotion. A Case Study Suggesting Wider Principles

This study submits to empirical investigation an old idea of Tsur’s regarding the effect of enjambment on the perceived subtleness of irony in a poetic passage. We submitted two versions of a Milton passage to over 50 participants with “background in literary studies”, ranging from undergraduates to tenured professors, asking them to rate the perceived subtleness of irony and forthrightness of expression. We received four incompatible combinations of relative subtleness and forthrightness in the two passages. Two of the combinations were logically reasonable (though resulting from opposite performances), and two were internally inconsistent. An analysis of these results revealed two sources of this discrepancy: enjambments can be performed in three different ways, and participants respond not to abstract enjambments, but to performed enjambments; and they act upon partly overlapping definitions of irony. Assuming different performances of the enjambment, both logically acceptable response patterns support our hypothesis. Yet, a large part of the responses in this study were incoherent to some extent. This highlights the difficulty in collecting subjective interpretations of complex aesthetic events. We discuss this methodological issue at length.

Does Nuclear Superiority Matter?

Does Nuclear Superiority Matter? Alia Awadallah (bio) Review of Matthew Kroenig, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018). In The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, author Matthew Kroenig promises to deliver a novel theory on why American nuclear superiority matters. Kroenig focuses on numerical superiority, arguing that a nation's warhead count is a decent enough proxy for overall superiority. His objective is to settle a longstanding question in the nuclear community: if numerical superiority makes no difference in nuclear war, why do American policymakers pursue it relentlessly? Kroenig argues that numerical superiority does in fact matter and provides compelling evidence to back up his argument. His findings, while limited in scope, represent an important contribution to nuclear strategy and have major policy ramifications for both nuclear and non-nuclear states. Kroenig's background is well-suited to answering this question, given his mix of academic expertise and policy experience. Kroenig is a tenured professor at Georgetown University and formerly served in the Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency, in addition to advising a number of presidential candidates on foreign policy. In the first chapter, Kroenig introduces his "superiority-brinkmanship synthesis theory," which argues that nuclear superiority increases a state's willingness to take risks in international disputes. This appetite for risk strengthens the resolve of state leaders, allowing them to play games of nuclear brinkmanship and ultimately coerce their adversaries. The author is clearly aware that his theory will face sharp scrutiny, specifically from academics who believe that once states possess second strike capability, numerical superiority no longer matters. Kroenig spends the rest of the book rigorously testing his theory and preempting criticism. The first few chapters test the cost of nuclear exchanges in terms of human casualties and the destruction of military targets or major cities. In all cases, the tests reveal that numerical superiority would enable a state to inflict significantly greater damage on its adversary. Kroenig also maintains that nuclear superiority also matters for international political crises by allowing the superior state to demonstrate greater resolve. [End Page 193] Kroenig then examines historical standoffs between nuclear-armed states, including the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Kargil Crisis, the Sino-Soviet Border War, and the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. The main purpose of these case studies is to illustrate that decision-makers were conscious of the nuclear balance of power and based their actions at least partly on that balance. The second half of the book seeks to dismantle arguments against nuclear superiority, such as the perception that it is too expensive and the fear that nuclear superiority will lead to a bilateral arms race or widespread nuclear proliferation. The book's greatest strength and weakness is that it attempts to explain what most policymakers may not even understand themselves. Kroenig is adamant that US policymakers know intuitively what his tests prove empirically: the size of our nuclear force matters, even beyond the ability to retaliate against a first strike. The Cuban Missile Crisis provides the best evidence for this argument, as historical records suggest the Soviet Union's leaders were keenly aware of the Soviet Union's inferiority during the conflict.1 The other cases are not as convincing. Kroenig is correct that the perceptions and resolve of policymakers matters a great deal. However, further examination in the form of interviews and analysis of contemporary crises would go a long way in strengthening his argument. So would a more thorough examination of policymaker perceptions on the importance of relative versus absolute vulnerability to nuclear war. Kroenig effectively demonstrates why new states will not necessarily acquire nuclear weapons in response to a US nuclear build up. He is less successful in arguing that a build-up will not lead other major nuclear powers, such as Russia, to expand their own arsenals. Kroenig asserts that Russia and others will seek to acquire more warheads regardless of US actions. In this case, the Cuban Missile Crisis contradicts Kroenig's theory since the standoff did in fact lead Khrushchev to acquire additional nuclear and non-nuclear capabilities, for the explicit purpose of not losing a similar confrontation...

The li lineage of traditional chinese medicine

Professor Li Ding (李鼎) is the founder and tenured professor, doctoral supervisor at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a Representative Inheritor for China Intangible Cultural Heritage – Acupuncture and Moxibustion. It is well known that Chinese medicine is rooted in Chinese culture and history. The inheritance of Chinese medicine cannot be separated from the inheritance of Chinese culture and history. Professor Li Ding's path of Chinese medicine inheritance perfectly reflects the above-mentioned laws and is worthy of further exploration and research. The full text of this article is divided into three parts and will be published one after another. The first part “The Lineage of Gu Yi Tang” brings us Li's family historical stories; the second part “The Lineage of Chinese Studies” introduces professor Li's Chinese culture studies; and the third part “The Lineage of Dao Sheng Tang” discusses professor Li's inheritance of Chinese medicine. This article will bring our readers a rich and colorful Chinese scroll painting, which not only focuses on Chinese Medicine, acupuncture but also touches ancient Chinese history, culture, Daoism, and even more.

Gender, Race, and Precarity: Theorizing the Parallels Between Early Childhood Educators and Sessional Faculty in Ontario

This paper critically examines the parallels of devaluation encountered by early childhood educators and sessional faculty members in Ontario as reflective praxis. The three authors’ experiences are diverse and include a tenured professor and two sessional faculty members, both ofwhom have worked in the field of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The narratives of the authors inform the concerning trend of precarity and devaluation embedded within two polarizing spectrums of the Ontario educational landscape: Post-Secondary Education (PSE) and ECEC. Although these aforementioned areas of education rarely intersect, the authors centre them on the frontline of the neoliberal assault on education transpiring in Ontario today. The three authors self-identify as female settlers; two have doctoral degrees; one has an MA and is an early childhood educator (ECE). One author self-identifies as a racialized and white-coded cis-gendered woman, and two selfidentify as white, cis-gendered women. All of the authors have worked in Ontario’s post-secondary landscape, one as sessional faculty member and then a tenured professor, and two as sessional faculty members. The paper will problematize the neoliberal assault on higher education and ECEC through a Feminist Political Economy (FPE) conceptual framework in order to draw on the multifaceted ways femAtlantis Journal Issue 40.1 /2019 46 inized discourses devalue the work of ECEs and perpetuate the overrepresentation of women, particularly racialized women in precarious faculty positions.

‘Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar’ Lecturas del jurista en el siglo XVI ibérico = ‘Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar’ Sixteenth-Century Jurists Readings in the Iberian Peninsula

Resumen: Los Modos de pasar en Derechos consistían en una especie de guías de lectura, con consejos detallados sobre la disciplina, los libros, las autoridades, las materias, el orden y el tiempo que deberían emplearse en la preparación de la licentia docendi en Leyes y Cánones. De origen salmantino y proyección ibérica, constituyen una fuente de gran interés para la historia de la educación de los juristas en los siglos modernos. Funcionaron, además, como vehículos de legitimación de una determinada imagen pública de excelencia y distinción de la élite académica de catedráticos, licenciados y doctores, en un contexto de conflictos y transformaciones institucionales. Tomando como ejemplo el Modo de pasar del catedrático de la Facultad de Leyes Diego Enríquez, que contenía una sugerente Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar, en estas páginas se esboza una propuesta de identificación de estas pequeñas guías de estudio como un corpus específico en el conjunto de la literatura jurídico-pedagógica del Antiguo régimen. En el apéndice se incluye la transcripción del Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez (1587) que alberga la Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Mss. 206, fols. 259v-262r).Palabras clave: Enseñanza del derecho (edad moderna), Literatura jurídico-pedagógica, Historia Cultural de las Universidades, Universidad de Salamanca, Ius commune, Historia de los saberes jurídicos.Abstract: The Modos de pasar en Derechos (ways of ‘passing’ laws) consisted of a type of study guide, which contained moral prescriptions and practical advice about the books, the authorities, the subjects, the order, and the time required to prepare for academic examinations. These study guides were especially designed to instruct candidates in obtaining the licentiate degree in Salamanca, the so-called licentia docendi in both civil and canon law. They also offer a rich source for the history of legal education in the early modern Iberian Peninsula. Moreover, the Modos de pasar functioned as tools for the selfrepresentation to the public of an image of academic excellence and distinction, which was of immense importance for the process of elite formation. The social group formed by tenured professors (catedráticos), licentiates, and doctors in law struggled to enhance their privileges in a period of conflict and institutional change in the old University of Salamanca. In this article, I propose to analyze these study guides as a specific legal-pedagogical genre within the broader spectrum of early modern juridical literature. The features of this corpus of texts can be clearly displayed in the Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez (1587), one of the most remarkable examples of this genre, since it includes a comprehensive list of suggested readings for law students (Memoria de los libros que son necesarios para pasar). An edition of this manuscript (Modo de pasar del doctor Diego Enrríquez, 1587, Biblioteca Histórica Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad Complutense de Madrid: Mss. 206, fols. 259v-262r) is added as an appendix.Keywords: Early Modern Legal Education, Pedagogical Literature (Law), Cultural History of Universities, University of Salamanca, Ius commune, History of legal knowledge.

Review of "Innovations in Deaf Studies: The Role of Deaf Scholars"

I am one of a handful of signing deaf tenure-track or tenured professors in Canada. To my knowledge, I am also the only one who teaches a stand-alone university course in Deaf Studies that is not part of a sign language interpreter or teacher of the deaf training program. As such, I was delighted to read Innovations in Deaf Studies: The Role of Deaf Scholars edited by Annelies Kusters, Maartje De Meulder, and Dai O’ Brien. In this work I find many of my scholarly experiences and concerns reflected on an international scale.

Архаические экономические институты: распределенные мануфактуры в малых городах России

Симон Гдальевич Кордонский – кандидат философских наук, ординарный профессор, заведующий кафедрой местного самоуправления, заведующий проектно-учебной лабораторией муниципального управления, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики». Адрес: 101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20. E-mail: skordonsky@hse.ru
 Юрий Михайлович Плюснин – доктор философских наук, профессор, факультет социальных наук, заместитель заведующего проектно-учебной лабораторией муниципального управления, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики». Адрес: 101000, Москва, Мясницкая ул., д. 20. E-mail: jplusnin@hse.ru
 Цитирование: Кордонский С.Г., Плюснин Ю.М. (2018) Архаические экономические институты: распределенные мануфактуры в малых городах России // Мир России. Т. 27. № 4. С. 6–30. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-4-6-30
 Авторами выявлен и описан новый феномен хозяйственно-экономического поведения населения в малых городах провинциальной России – распределенные (рассеянные) мануфактуры. Самодеятельное, активное население некоторых малых городов в условиях экономического кризиса, неразвитости местных рынков труда, широкого распространения неформальной и теневой экономики сформировало особые способы (модели) экономического поведения, некогда характерные для ранних стадий капитализма в Европе и России – рассеянные мануфактуры. В отличие от распространенного сейчас распределенного производства (distributed manufacturing), широко использующего информационные технологии, рассеянные мануфактуры в российских малых городах могут представлять архаический институт, поскольку воспроизводят все атрибуты экономического института XIV–XVIII веков, в том числе соответствующие производственные отношения и формы артельной и цеховой организации труда. В деятельность мануфактуры вовлечена значительная часть трудоспособного населения малых городов и их сельской округи. Мануфактуры созданы на базе традиционных производств уникальных местных товаров. Описаны (с использованием методов непосредственного наблюдения и интервью) распределенные бизнес-процессы при изготовлении и продаже козьих пуховых платков и других пуховых изделий (пуховые мануфактуры Урюпинска и Новохоперска), изделий из меха (меховая мануфактура Лабинска), кожаной обуви (сапожная мануфактура Кимр), украшений и художественных изделий из ростовской финифти (Ростов Великий). Предполагается наличие таких же форм экономического поведения населения и во многих других местных обществах. Выявленные способы хозяйственно-экономического поведения населения находятся в неформальном и теневом сегменте экономики. Вероятно, основными факторами становления рассеянной мануфактуры как архаического экономического института являются, помимо экономического кризиса 1990-х годов, сохраняющиеся до сих пор негативные процессы в местной экономике, в том числе отсутствие рынка труда и чрезмерное регулирующее государственное воздействие на малый бизнес. Институциональными факторами, определяющими образование в местных провинциальных сообществах хозяйственно-экономических практик в форме рассеянной мануфактуры, предполагаются ресурсная уникальность локальной территории и/или уникальность промыслов местного населения.

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

The Legacy of Professor Mildred S. Dresselhaus

Millie was born in Brooklyn in 1930 and raised in Bronx, NY. She went to Hunter College High School in New York and continued to pursue her undergraduate degree at Hunter College, where she was introduced to physics research by Rosalyn Yalow, a future recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Yalow recognized Millie’s talents and encouraged her to continue further education in physics. Upon graduating from Hunter College in 1951, Millie continued her postgraduate study at the University of Cambridge on a 2-year Fulbright Fellowship and then at Harvard University, where she received her MA from Radcliffe College. In 1958 she received her PhD degree from the University of Chicago under physics Nobel Laureate Enrico Fermi and then spent 2 years at Cornell University as a postdoc before moving to the Lincoln Laboratory as a staff member. She became a visiting professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1967, was offered a tenured professorship in 1968, and then became a professor of physics in 1983. In 1985, she was appointed the first female institute professor at MIT.

Harassment charges: Enough himpathy

![Figure][1] UCI decided to remove Francisco Ayala's name from the science library after he resigned amid sexual harassment allegations. PHOTO: IAN PARKER We are well into the #Metoo era, yet journalists and editors are still fixated on the harasser's fall from grace rather than the detrimental effect of sexual harassment on the victims and our society as a whole. The News story “Prominent geneticist out at UC Irvine after harassment finding” (M. Wadman, 29 June, [https://scim.ag/AyalaResignation][2]) reinforces a familiar toxic narrative: The accomplishments of the harasser hold more value to science than women's right to a safe workplace. This is now so commonplace that it has been dubbed “himpathy” ([ 1 ][3]). In the News story, Wadman tells us all about the “eminent” professor, from his scientific accomplishments to his personal hobbies. He did “pioneering” and “groundbreaking” work, he donated money to the university, and he was president of AAAS (the publisher of Science ). However, we do not hear about the pioneering work of the women he harassed at University of California, Irvine (UCI). From a graduate student to a tenured professor to an assistant dean, the News story reduced the women who demanded an end to his misconduct to complainers. We are told that Ayala was just being “European” and his actions were misunderstood; instead, the narrative should focus on the many women and careers that suffered from Ayala's actions. Wadman then chose to end the article by quoting an Ayala supporter who diminished the investigation. The same himpathy sentiments return in the follow-up News In Depth story “Report details harassment by famed biologist” (M. Wadman, 27 July, p. [316][4]). Words matter, and Science should wield its words and influence carefully. It is time to recognize that harassers have taken a substantial toll on the advancement of science. It is time to acknowledge that sexual harassment in all its nefarious forms puts an unquantifiable burden on the victims (many of whom are our colleagues). It's time to believe women. 1. [↵][5]1. K. Manne , Down Girl (Oxford Univ. Press, 2017). [1]: pending:yes [2]: http://scim.ag/AyalaResignation [3]: #ref-1 [4]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.361.6400.316 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text

Urological memorial site: Klinik am Weidenplan in Halle/Saale

The nowadays generally forgotten Klinik am Weidenplan in Halle/Saale was a pioneering site in German urology. It was mainly shaped by Otto Kneise and Martin Stolze. Starting from aprivate department the clinic developed into alarge urological hospital. In the nearly 100 years of its existence, numerous famous expert representatives emerged from it. In 1958, Martin Stolze became the first tenured professor for urology in the then DDR (German Democratic Republic) and shortly afterwards the Weidenplanklinik temporarily was auniversity clinic for urology in Germany.

Helmuth Möhwald (1946-2018).

Helmuth Möhwald, Founding Director of the Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm, passed away on March 27, 2018, at the age of 72. Möhwald's scientific achievements included the development of the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to prepare ultrathin organized organic films, and its application in the coating of colloidal particles.

Prof. R. Stephanie Huang: an expert in pharmacogenomics

Dr. Huang ( Figure 1 ) is a tenured Associate Professor in the Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota (cited from the web of University of Minnesota: https://goo.gl/25g1rT). Her expertise is in the field of pharmacogenomics. In addition to being a faculty in an academic institute and members of several professional organizations, she also serves on editorial board of several medical journals. Her research lab focuses on translational pharmacogenomics.

Toward Tenure: Developing a Relational View

To make sense of their different experiences with tenure, three education professors inquire into tenure as an institutional process using postmodern constructs. Foucault's panopticon, with its subsidiary ideas of surveillance and docile bodies provided a fresh perspective for viewing the power differential between pre-tenure professors and those tenured professors who will judge their adequacy for tenure status. Second, the authors used Baudrillard's simulacrum to understand differently their colleagues' attempts to simplify the challenge of tenure through the provision of unofficial statements of expected outputs. The vulnerability of new scholars due to the power differential within tenure is substantial, but such vulnerability may be a coherent consequence of the institution's structure. Rather than reforming tenure as an institutional process, the authors suggest that conversations about identity-making and tenure take place within relationships with colleagues.