Tensile Wave Research Articles

Coupled GIMP and CPDI material point method in modelling blast-induced three-dimensional rock fracture

Three-dimensional rock fracture induced by blasting is a highly complex problem and has received considerable attention in geotechnical engineering. The material point method is firstly applied to treat this challenging task. Some inherent weaknesses can be overcome by coupling the generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) and the convected particle domain interpolation technique (CPDI). For the media in the borehole, unchanged GIMP-type particles are used to guarantee a homogenous blast pressure. CPDI-Tetrahedron type particles are employed to avoid the fake numerical fracture near the borehole for the rock material. A blasting experiment using three-dimensional single-borehole rock was simulated to examine the applicability of the coupled model under realistic loading and boundary conditions. A good agreement was achieved between the simulation and experimental results. Moreover, the mechanism of three-dimensional rock fracture was analyzed. It was concluded that rock particle size and material parameters play an important role in rock damage. The reflected tensile waves cause severe damage in the lower part of the model. Rayleigh waves occur on the top face of the rock model to induce a hoop failure band.

Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors and Failure Mechanism of Lignite under SHPB Compression Test

There is an obvious impact effect of on-site blasting on the slope coal mass of open-pit mines, so it is of great significance to study the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of coal rock for slope stability control. In this paper, first, the mineral composition and microstructure of lignite from open-pit mine are analyzed, and it is found that the content of non-organic minerals in lignite such as clay accounts for more than 24.40%; meanwhile, the rock sample has obvious horizontal bedding characteristics and mainly micro pores and transition pores inside; further, there are obvious banded areas with high water content in the rock, which has the same extending direction as the beddings. Based on the SHPB test system, the dynamic compression tests of lignite with different impact velocities are carried out. The results show that there is a significant hardening effect caused by the increase of strain rate on the dynamic mechanical parameters of rock samples, and the stress–strain curve has obvious “double peak” characteristics; meanwhile, the macroscopic crack of the rock appears at the first stress peak and disappears after further compression until the interlayer fracture occurs; further, the fracture fractal dimension of lignite increases linearly with the impact velocity, revealing that the fragmentation of rock samples increases gradually. In addition, with the increase of impact velocity, the input energy and dissipated energy of rock samples increase linearly, while the elastic property increases slowly and at a low level. The bedding characteristics of lignite and the wave impedance difference between the layers cause the high-reflection phenomenon in the process of stress-wave propagation, and then produce the obvious tensile stress wave in the rock sample, which finally results in the interlayer fracture failure of the rock.

Damage modes and mechanism of RC arch slab under contact explosion at different locations

Explosion position is random for structures under realistic explosion threats. Understanding the damage modes and mechanism of basic structural members under contact explosion at different locations is the basis for evaluating actual blast resisting performance of members and structures. In this research, two full-scale RC arch slabs were tested under contact explosion at and off the bottom center of mid-span cross section separately. Verified numerical models were established to reveal the damage mechanism by analyzing and comparing the characteristics of stress wave propagation, deformation patterns, and energy transition in the two arch slabs. It is found that the damage modes of RC arch slabs subjected to contact explosion at different locations differed greatly. For the arch slab subjected to centric contact explosion, symmetrical compressive stress waves induced by blast firstly reached the top surface and then reflected as tensile stress waves. The symmetrical deformation of the arch slab experienced two stages, i.e., the compression stage due to the shrunk of the lower portion of slab caused by compressive stress waves, and the expansion stage due to the expansion of the upper portion of slab caused by tensile stress waves. So, the arch slab failed as the cratering on bottom surface and concrete spalling on top surface. Because the reflected tensile stress waves, lateral deformation, and energy distribution were small, little damage could be observed in regions near side surfaces. For the arch slab subjected to eccentric contact explosion, the stress wave stress propagation, deformation pattern and energy transition were asymmetrical. Compressive stress waves reached the top surface and front side surface almost at the same time, so reflected tensile stress waves were generated on the two surfaces almost simultaneously and then propagated into concrete together, which produced a much larger and stronger tensile stress wave overlap and superposition region near the front side surface. Correspondingly, besides the vertical shrunk and expansion of the lower and upper portion of the slab respectively, a significant lateral expansion of front side surface was observed. As a result, the damage was concentrated near the front side surface, and behaved as a triangle fully-penetrated area originated from the detonation location to front side surface.

Dynamic fracture process of T-shaped beam-column specimens with prefabricated cracks under offset impact

Using the digital dynamic caustics experimental system and numerical simulation software, the drop hammer impact tests of T beam-column specimens with different locations of precast cracks were carried out, and the change rules of the track, velocity, dynamic stress intensity factor, and the distribution law of stress field were obtained under dynamic pressure. The results show that under the action of the reflected tensile wave, the beam-column joint is most vulnerable to damage due to the stress concentration at the beam-column joint. Because of the interaction between the two precast beams with more free cracks, it is easier to form cracks between the two precast beams. The maximum value of crack propagation velocity was about 300 m / s, showing the change law of rapid increased at first and then decreased vibration. The stress intensity factor was between 1.7 MPa·m1/2 and 1.8 MPa·m1/2, the specimen with two prefabricated cracks was easier to form stress concentration at the intersection of beam and column, and the effect of stress wave is stronger. Taking the neutral axial symmetry of the beam as the symmetry center, the strain amplitude is approximately equal and the force is opposite. Due to the attenuation of the stress wave, the strain on the upper and lower sides of the beam decreases gradually with the increase of the distance from the impact loading position. Numerical simulation software was used to verify the experimental results, and MAXS failure judgment was added to calculate the strain change in the fracture process.

Blasting for Fracturing and Improving the Permeability of Deep, Soft, Outburst Prone Coal Seams Using Blasthole and Relief Hole Drilled into the Underlying Stratum: Optimal Hole Distance

To address the problems with deep-hole presplit blasting intended to fracture and improve the permeability of deeply buried, soft, high-gas-content coal seams, a method using a blasthole and a relief hole drilled into the underlying rock stratum was proposed. By establishing a theoretical model for this purpose, the stress wave propagation characteristics during the blasting process were analyzed, and the working mechanisms of the relief hole and the stress transmission characteristics were investigated. The blasting of the C13-1 coal seam in the Huainan mining area under different in situ stress conditions using different blasthole–relief hole distances was simulated using an implicit–explicit coupled method and the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The results showed that the blasting-induced stress wave was reflected from the coal–rock interface and transformed into a tensile wave owing to the different wave impedances of coal and rock, thereby fracturing the rock and coal masses better and achieving the intended permeability improvement effect. A free surface effect was produced near the relief hole during the blasting process, which directed the stress wave to propagate in the direction of the relief hole, thereby promoting fracturing in that direction. The in situ stress inhibited the blasting-induced fracturing in the coal mass. Thus, for blasting intended to improve the permeability of deeply buried coal masses, the blasthole–relief hole distance should be reduced to achieve better fracturing. Our results have a certain reference value for directional blasting intended to fracture and improve the permeability of deeply buried, soft, high-gas-content coal seams.

Dynamic tensile properties of porcine knee ligament.

The knee plays an essential role in movement. There are four major ligaments in the knee which all have crucial functionalities for human activities. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee, especially in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic tensile response of the porcine ACL at strain rates from 800 to 1500 s-1 for simulations of acute injury from sudden impact or collision. Split Hopkinson Tension Bar (SHTB) was utilized to create a dynamic tensile wave on the ACL. Stress-strain curves of strain rates between 800s-1 to 1500s-1 were recorded. The results demonstrated that the elastic modulus of the porcine ACL at higher strain rates was six to eight times higher than that of porcine and human specimens at quasi-static strain rate. However, the failure stress was quite similar while the strain was much smaller than that at the lower strain rate. ACL is highly strain rate sensitive and easier to break with lower failure strain when the strain rates increased to more than 1000s-1. The stress-strain curves indicated that the sketching crimps at the slack region did not happen but switched to the sliding process of collagen fibers and was accompanied by some ruptures, which can develop into tears when strain and stress were large enough. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties of the ligament, depending on the proteoglycan matrix and the cross-link, showed a limited value in the studied strain rate range.

Simulation of seismic velocity changes in brittle rocks subjected to triaxial stresses using 3-D microstructural models

SUMMARY Numerical simulation of non-linear elastic wave propagation in rocks is indispensable for understanding stress/damage dependence of wave velocity changes and the associated micromechanisms. A numerical microstructural model is presented here to investigate seismic velocity changes due to stress and damage. By introducing pre-existing cracks and considering the valid microstructures in the bonded particle model, the proposed method successfully reproduces velocity changes of experiments on dry Lac du Bonnet granite and dry Darley Dale sandstone in both loading and unloading processes. Velocity increasing results from the closure of pre-existing cracks during loading stages, while the reopen of cracks during the unloading process causes velocity decreasing. Particle velocity vectors are used to illustrate wave propagation in a micromechanical way. P wave wave fronts are observed from the source to travel through the model, and wave intersections are clearly shown in the medium when the tensile wave front meets the compressive wave. The microstructure of the model shows a significant effect on rock mechanical behaviour and velocities and lends credibility to the velocity simulation. The valid microstructure produces realistic mechanical behaviour and velocity changes. Also, it replicates the initial hardening in the axial stress versus the axial strain curve, while invalid microstructures (e.g. cement overlap) underestimate the elastic modulus. The simulations also show that the wave velocities scale with the square root of the corresponding component of the coordination number, which can be used to quantify the mechanisms behind the velocity changes. Direct relations were established between velocity changes and opened crack density, which displays a similar tendency compared with predictions of the effective elastic theory. The microstructural model provides the ability to simulate the macro behaviour of rock under loadings in a more realistic manner and to directly examine the microprocesses underlying velocity changes.

Demolition of Reinforced Concrete by Steam Pressure Cracking System

The authors developed an environment-friendly demolition mechanical system for a large reinforced concrete structure for an actual site. The steam pressure cracking agent (SPC, non-explosive) is a method that can safely and quickly separate concrete because it produces lesser vibration and sound than the blasting method, which uses explosives. The authors showed that the direction of cracking can be controlled by an induction hole. The principle of control is that the elastic wave of the compression stress generated from the SPC reaction changes to a tensile elastic wave at the induction hole, which initiates a crack. Furthermore, in the SPC method, a large amount of concrete powder generated by the explosion method was not produced, and there was no risk of secondary contamination by fine concrete powder. The area over which the crack propagated depends on the energy generated from the SPC. The relationship between the two is linear. For reinforced concrete, the energy of the SPC is used for both the destructive energy of the concrete and the energy of the cutting of the reinforcing steel bar, which quickly breaks with low energy. By applying an SPC to dismantle large reinforced concrete structures, controlled cracking can be achieved safely and quickly without any environmental pollution. A fracturing method using a SPC is an effective method for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and the dismantling of concrete structures. In this report, we report a remote drilling system that can be used to remotely install loading holes and guiding holes for the SPC and perform effective controlled fracturing.

Study on the Influence of Rock Clip Production and Empty Hole Volume Effect of Upward Blind Shaft Blasting

Cutting blasting is the principal construction method for roadway and shaft excavation, but the studies on the damage mechanism of cutting blasting affected by the volume effect of empty holes under high ground stress are not insufficient. During cutting blasting, different damage zones are formed. In this paper, combined with the rock damage criterion and RHT constitutive function, the ranges of these damage zones are determined. The smooth particle hydrodynamics method is used to study the influence of high in-situ stress on rock blasting damage from the perspective of the number of empty holes and the production coefficient of rock clamp. The accuracy of the determined damage zone range is verified by supplemented field tests. The research results show that in the process of rock clamp production, the propagation of blasting stress wave is inhibited, especially the tensile stress wave which is more obviously inhibited. The empty holes reduce the inhibitory effect of rock clamp production. With the increase in the production coefficient of rock clip, the blasting damage radius is reduced by 39.7%, 35.1%, 30.5%, 26.7%, and 22.9% compared with the theoretical value, respectively, while its influence on the radius of crushing zone is small. The three-dimensional scanning results were used to inverse calculate the production coefficient of the rock clip. The fitting degree between the numerical simulation and the field test scanning results is about 94.5%, which proves the accuracy of the RHT constitutive parameters and the reliability of the determination range. The mathematical relationship between the production coefficient Kr for rock clip and the relative height H of the wellhead and the area Sc of the cross-section cavity is fitted based on the data of several upward cutting blasting field tests.

Distribution of cracks in an anchored cavern under blast load based on cohesive elements

To explore the distribution of cracks in anchored caverns under the blast load, cohesive elements with zero thickness were employed to simulate crack propagation through numerical analysis based on a similar model test. Furthermore, the crack propagation process in anchored caverns under top explosion was analyzed. The crack propagation modes and distributions in anchored caverns with different dip angles fractures in the vault were thoroughly discussed. With the propagation of the explosive stress waves, cracks successively occur at the arch foot, the floor of the anchored caverns, and the boundary of the anchored zone of the vault. Tensile cracks are preliminarily found in rocks that surround the caverns. In the scenario of a pre-fabricated fracture in the upper part of the vault, the number of cracks at the boundary of the anchored zone of the vault first decreases then increases with the increasing dip angle of the pre-fabricated fracture. When the dip angle of the pre-fabricated fracture is 45°, the fewest cracks occur at the boundary of the anchored zone. The wing cracks deflected to the vault are formed at the tip of the pre-fabricated fracture, around which are synchronous formed tensile and shear cracks. Under top explosion, the peak displacement and the peak particle velocity in surrounding rocks of anchored caverns both reach their maximum values at the vault, successively followed by the sidewall and the floor. In addition, with the different dip angles of the pre-fabricated fracture, asymmetry could be found between the peak displacement and the peak particle velocity. The vault displacement of anchored caverns is mainly attributed to tensile cracks at the boundary of the anchored zone, which are generated due to the tensile waves reflected from the free face of the vault. When a fracture occurs in the vault, the peak displacement of the vault gradually decreases while the residual displacement increases.

Use of the Shock Wave Therapy in Basic Research and Clinical Applications-From Bench to Bedsite.

Shock Waves (SW) are acoustic disturbances that propagate through a medium carrying the energy. These specific sonic pulses are composed of two phases—high positive pressure, a rise time < 10 ns, and a tensile wave. Originally Shock Waves were introduced to clinical practice as a part of the lithotripsy therapy focused on disrupting calcific deposits in the body. Since that time, shock wave therapy (SWT) has gone far beyond the original application related to the destruction of kidney stones. In this narrative Review, we present basic clinical applications of the SWT along with the potential therapeutic application in clinical practice.

Mechanics of Distortion of Incident Signals Due to Screw Threads in a Tensile Split-Hopkinson Bar

Abstract A common method of generating a tensile wave in Split-Hopkinson bar experiments is to impact a hollow striker on an anvil/collar attached to the incident bar. When the anvil/collar is attached to the incident bar using screw threads, the incident signals usually deviate from the classical trapezoidal form. In order to minimize this deviation, it is a common practice to sufficiently tighten these threads. However, the fundamental reasons for (i) the signal distortion when the threads are not tightened and (ii) how the distortion is eliminated or minimized on tightening are lacking. For a given diameter of the incident bar, the parameters of the thread that govern the incident signals are its pitch and backlash between the mating threads. The effect of these two parameters is investigated using the finite element method. The finite element results show that in the absence of a backlash, the incident signals obtained from a collar that is integral to the incident bar and a collar that is attached by screw threads are practically identical. When threaded collars are used, the pitch of the screw threads does not influence the incident wave. However, the backlash leads to a dramatic distortion of the incident signals under certain conditions. Insights from the finite element analysis are used to develop a one-dimensional analytical model that explains the distortion of the incident signals. The model is also validated against experiments.

Dynamic propagation behaviors of pure mode I crack under stress wave loading by caustics

Abstract It is always a difficult task to study the dynamic fracture of prefabricated cracks under stress wave loading. To investigate loadings of stress waves on dynamic cracks, a crack propagation testing configuration consisting of a one-point bend specimen loaded in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used, which loaded an unconstrained polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate (120 mm × 60 mm × 5 mm) on the edge opposite to the cracked edge. A modified simple pre-cracked specimen geometry under impact stress wave loading to generate pure mode I crack at crack initiation was demonstrated, which can avoid the superposition and interference of various waves to facilitate the research. The numerical simulation was performed firstly by ABAQUS to prove the existence of the mode I field at the crack tip leading to crack propagation and indicate the stress distribution and evolution in the specimen caused by the propagation of the impact stress wave, analyze the propagation characteristics of the wave. Then dynamic caustics method in conjunction with high-speed photography was utilized in SHPB impact experiment. The propagation of shock stress wave in the specimen and its interaction with the prefabricated crack and the stress concentration at the tip of the prefabricated crack were analyzed. The corresponding stress intensity factor history is precisely determined. Finally, it is concluded that the observed distortion phenomenon at the impact point belongs to a caustic behavior under compression load, which reflects the stress concentration at the impact point. And the mode I failure occurs along the pre-crack direction. Specifically, the pre-crack shows obvious pure mode I crack propagation characteristics under symmetrical reflected tensile wave, the stress at the crack tip changes from compressive stress to tensile stress. And crack propagates under tensile stress wave reflected from its two free boundaries without crack, while the compressive stress wave can not make crack initiate and has little influence on crack propagation. Which agree with the numerical prediction.

Damage response of polyurea-coated steel plates under combined blast and fragments loading

Steel plate structures have the potential risks of exposure to external blast/impact loading during their service. Spraying polyurea provides a simple way to enhance the impact resistance of existing steel plate members. However, the existing researches mainly focus on single load and lack of impact resistance of polyurea under multiple loads. Therefore, the damage response of polyurea-coated steel (PCS) plates under combined fragments and blast loading were experimentally and numerically studied. Cylindrical RDX charges with tungsten alloy balls were adopted to produce simultaneously fragments and blast wave, and the field explosion tests were conducted on three types of PCS plates with different configurations. The macro deformation and failure parameters of the PCS plates were obtained and analyzed, and the characteristics of five failure modes were defined. Some interesting experimental phenomena were obtained: whether the polyurea material was sprayed on the front-side or rear-side, the resistance capability of the PCS plates did not show a monotonous increasement with the increase of the polyurea material coating thicknesses, but there was an optimal thickness. Due to the unloading and overlying of compression and tensile waves, the damage degree of the steel plate in both-side sprayed PCS plate was higher than that of the single-layer PCS plate, and the two single-side spraying methods were superior to the both-side spraying method. Subsequently, the corresponding numerical models were established to reveal the dynamic response process of the PCS plates under combined fragments and blast loading, and the calculation results were compared with the test results of 3D scanning. Finally, the failure mechanism of the PCS plates was analyzed by the principle of energy absorption and stress wave propagation.

High-hardness polyurea coated steel plates subjected to combined loadings of shock wave and fragments

To investigate the effect of polyurea on the protective performance of a steel target plate under the combination of shock wave and fragments, the failure characteristics, damage process and micro mechanism of the polyurea coated steel plates with different coating methods under the combination of explosion shock waves and fragments were analyzed through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that single-sided coatings aggravated the damage of target plate when the coating thickness was 2 mm. While the polyurea thickness greater than 4 mm could significantly reduce the damage degree of the steel plate. When the polyurea was coated on the double sides, it would aggravate the damage, no matter how thick the polyurea was. Through microscopic research, it was found that the front coated polyurea was severely ablated by detonation products, which greatly reduce its energy absorption efficiency. The polyurea coated on the back underwent tensile fracture under the influence of tensile stress wave. The breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bond of polyurea was the key to the energy absorption of polyurea.

NONLINEAR PROBLEM OF FRACTURE MECHANICS OF AN INTERFACE CRACK SUBJECTED TO SHEAR WAVE

Solution for the problem for an interface crack under the action of a harmonic shear wave in normal direction is presented. The contact of the crack faces is put into consideration. The problem is solved by the boundary integral equations method, the vector components in the boundary integral equations are presented by Fourier series. The unilateral Signorini boundary conditions are involved to prevent the interpenetration of the crack faces and the emergence of tensile forces in the contact zone. Amonton-Coulomb Friction Law included allows to put into consideration relative resting of the crack opposite faces or their relative motion when one crack face is slipping or sliding across another face. The contact boundary restrictions are implemented using the iterative correction algorithm. The mathematical model adequacy is checked by comparing with classical model solution for statics problems that takes into account the crack faces contact. Numerical researches of friction influence on the displacement and contact forces distribution, size of contact zone are carried out. Influence of the faces contact and value of the friction coefficient on the distribution of stress intensity coefficients of normal rupture and transverse shear, which are the parameters of the biomaterial fracture, are presented and analyzed. It is shown that the nature of change in the distribution of the stress intensity coefficients for the conditions of tensile and shear waves is fundamentally different. It is concluded that it is possible to extend the approach proposed to the problems of three-dimensional fracture mechanics for composites with interfacial cracks at arbitrary dynamic loading.

Research on Damage Characteristics of Brick Masonry under Explosion Load

As the main structural component of partition wall or load-bearing wall, brick masonry has been widely used in construction engineering. However, brick and mortar are all brittle materials prone to crack. Nowadays, fireworks, gas stoves, high-pressure vessels, and other military explosives may explode to damage nearby structures. Many explosion casualties had shown that the load-bearing capacity of brick masonry decreased dramatically and cracks or fragments appeared. Previous studies mainly focused on noncontact explosion in which shock wave is the main damage element. In fact, the response and damage effect of brick masonry wall under contact explosion are more complex, which attracts more attention now. In order to explore the damage characteristics of brick masonry under explosion load, a series of simulations and verification experiments are conducted. RHT and MO granular material models are introduced to describe the behaviour of brick and masonry, respectively, in simulation. The combination effect of front compressive wave and back tensile wave are main factors influencing the breakage of masonry wall. The experimental results are well in accordance with the simulation results. The front cross section dimension of crater is closely related to the radius of spherical explosive charge. A power function predictive model is developed to express the relationship between the radius of hole and the radius of explosive. Furthermore, with increasing the quantity of explosive charge, the number and ejection velocity of fragments are all increased. The relationship between maximum ejection velocity and the quantity of explosive also can be expressed as a power function model.

Experimental study on laminated glass responses of high-speed trains subject to windblown sand particles loading

China has built high-speed railways in desert areas. When high-speed trains run in wind-sand flows, wind pressure and sand impact increase the fracture probability of side-window laminated glass. This paper aims to explore the dynamic response and impact resistance performance of laminated glass in high-speed trains subjected to windborne sand particles loading using full-scale experimental tests. Dynamic pressure tests were carried out using an air cannon on the laminated glass to evaluate the glass response under wind dynamic pressure loading. Sandstone impact tests were conducted to study the laminated glass dynamic behavior during particle impact loading. The study results demonstrate that sand impact loading was the primary factor causing the laminated glass damage. The mixed-mode crack initiation and propagation were driven by the reflected tensile waves and Rayleigh surface waves under sandstone impacts. In addition, a statistical analysis of the scratch velocity of the laminated glass suggested that the size of sandstone and impact angle were sensitive to the scratch velocity in the sand particles impacts. This research provides practical help for designing crack-resistant laminated glass structures for high-speed trains.

Damage Evolution and Circumferential Strain Distribution Characteristics of the Bolt-Supported Cavern under Multiple Explosion Sources

The impact of multiple explosion sources on the safety of the underground cavern is enormous. Based on a similarity model test, the finite element software LS-DYNA3D was utilized to analyze the damage evolution and circumferential strain distribution characteristics of the bolt-supported cavern under the seven combinations of concentrated charge explosion sources in three places, including the side of the vault, side arch, and sidewall. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified by comparing them with test results. The research results indicate that the damage of the surrounding rock is mainly caused by the tensile stress wave reflected from the free surfaces and the superposition of the tensile stress wave. The damage of the surrounding rock in the cases of multiple explosion sources is not a simple superposition of that in the cases of a single explosion source. The peak circumferential stress and damage of the surrounding rock in the middle of two explosion sources are significantly greater than that of the cases of the corresponding single explosion source. In the seven cases, the peak circumferential strain of the cavern wall changes from tensile to compressive from the vault to the spandrel. When the explosion occurs on the sidewall, the peak circumferential strain of the floor is tensile.

Experimental Study on the Difference of Shale Mechanical Properties

This paper studies the anisotropic characteristics of shale and the difference in mechanical performance between deep shale and outcrop shale. The outcrop shale was collected from the Shuanghe section in Changning County, southern Sichuan, and the deep shale was collected from the Wells Yi201 and Lu202. Study their basic mechanical parameters, failure modes, and wave velocity responses through laboratory tests. Research shows that with the increase of bedding angle, the deformation mode has the trend from elastic deformation to plastic deformation in high-stress state. When the bedding angles are 0°, 30°, and 45°, the weak bedding surface plays a leading role in the formation of the failure surface trend. As the bedding angle increases to 60° and 90°, its influence is weakened. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and wave velocity decrease with the increase of bedding angle. The compressive strength and Poisson’s ratio have the law of U-type change, there are higher values at 0° and 90°, and the lowest values are at 30°. The brittleness index first increases and then decreases with the increase of the bedding angle. The tensile strength and Poisson’s ratio of outcrop shale and deep shale are close, but the compressive strength of deep shale is only 1/3 of outcrop shale, the elastic modulus is only 3/4 of outcrop shale, and the failure of deep shale is accompanied by instability failure.