Tennis Tournament Research Articles

Exploring the Importance of Players’ Characteristics and Performance on Serve and Return of Serve in Winning the Women’s Singles Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments

Sports analytics has become very popular in recent years. Many researchers have been using the tools and technique to study tennis player performance in various aspects during matches. However, much of the studies were performed on male players while much less attention were made on female players. This study explores the female players’ characteristics and serve performance that leads to winning matches in women’s singles 2018 Grand Slam tennis tournaments. Using data provided by the official website of the Women Tennis Association (WTA), 1016 single matches in all four 2018 Grand Slam Tournaments were analysed to evaluate winning traits in tennis specifically looking at the two most important strokes in tennis which are the serve and return of serve. Additionally, other personal player characteristics that would influence the match outcomes were also evaluated. To achieve the objectives of the study, odds ratio and chi-square test were used to compare between the match winner and match loser. The study revealed that percentage of first serve return won (PFSRW) has the highest odds ratio value (OR=1.263) followed by the percentage of first serve won (PFSW) with odds ratio equal to 1.244. These showed that having a good first serve, plays an important factor in increasing the winning odds as compared to second serve either in serve or in return of serve. This study also reveals that a taller player had the advantage over a shorter player for faster serve speed (p-value<0.05).

REASONS FOR TENDING TOWARDS TO TENNIS AND THE REALIZATION LEVELS OF EXPECTATIONS OF AMATEUR TENNIS PLAYERS FROM TENNIS – THE CASE OF DİYARBAKIR PROVINCE, TURKEY

The purpose of this research was to determine the factors encourage female and male amateur tennis players in Diyarbakir for tennis; reasons and expectations of them about tennis. The population consisted of almost 250 tennis players in Diyarbakir Province. The research sample was limited by entirely 121 randomly selected amateur tennis players (39 female, and 82 male) who interest in tennis at Dicle University and participated in the Diyarbakir Kayapinar municipality tennis tournament. The survey used in the study was developed by Sunay et al., in 2006. This Likert scaled survey consisted of 4 parts. The 1st part of the survey included demographic information; the 2nd part of the survey consisted of expectations from tennis sport; the 3rd chapter of the same survey asks the reasons for interesting in tennis in an amateur way; finally, the factors encourage for tennis sport can be seen in the 4th part. T-test and ANOVA tests were applied to determine whether the difference between the comments of participators related to gender, marital status, age, and educational background. Pearson Correlation test was applied to specify the relationship between groups and variables. For study findings, expectations of amateur tennis players in Diyarbakir toward being a coach and popular athlete are at a high level; the effect of physical education teachers and mass communication such as television and media organs is very few in tending towards to tennis. Also, it is revealed that thoughts about making money and leading a good life become prominent as a reason for interesting in tennis. Article visualizations:

On fairness and diversification in WTA and ATP tennis tournaments generation

Single-elimination tournaments are the standard paradigm both for the main tennis professional associations. Schedules are generated by allocating first seeded and then unseeded players with seeds prevented from encountering each other early in the competition. Besides, the distribution of pairings in the first round between unseeded players and seeds for a yearly season may be strongly unbalanced. This provides often a great disadvantage to some "unlucky" unseeded players in terms of money prizes. Also, a fair distribution of matches during a season would benefit from limiting in first rounds the presence of Head-to-Head (H2H) matches between players that met in the recent past. We propose a tournament generation approach in order to reduce in the first round "unlucky" pairings and replay of H2H matches. The approach consists in a clustering optimization problem inducing a consequent draw within each cluster. A Non-Linear Mathematical Programming (NLMP) model is proposed for the clustering problem so as to reach a fair schedule. The solution reached by a commercial NLMP solver on the model is compared to the one reached by a faster hybrid algorithm based on multi-start local search. The approach is successfully tested on historical records from the recent Grand Slams tournaments.

Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and related factors in adolescent during a tennis tournament

Aim: Adolescence is an important period of development and during this period young people are more susceptible to mental illnesses. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge of the factors that mediate stress response can help developing our understanding of these diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the activity of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis and determine factors affecting this activity in adolescents. Material and Methods: The adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17, who participated in the official amateur tennis tournament, were included in the study. The data form, including questions for the assessment of the stress level and sociodemographic variables was filled. Then, salivary cortisol levels were measured before (-5 minutes) and after (+5 minutes) the first match of the official tennis tournament. Results: The mean salivary cortisol levels were 40.8±53.8 ng/ml, before the game and 98.8±150.5 ng/ml, after the game (p=0.008). The salivary cortisol levels were statistically higher, after the game, in males, those who won, and those who felt anxious compared the before. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that salivary cortisol level can be used in the assessment of stress response in adolescents and various factors such as gender, mood, and state of winning are effective on cortisol response.

S.H.A.K.E. COVID-19

It’s been a while since Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), causing major concerns and unfortunately panic in many countries. The on-going outbreak is of international concern and most countries have already announced a series of protective measures to confront this health threat of unknown magnitude. Travel warnings, scientific congress suspensions, cancellations of national holidays and closing of schools, amusement parks, cinemas, theatres and gyms are only some of these measures. The impact in sports is also tremendous. Major sport events like the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and Euro 2020 have been postponed. Others like the Miami Open and the Wimbledon tennis tournament have been cancelled and there is an ongoing discussion for forthcoming events. However, few have been said regarding the impact of limiting public exercise.

The Gender Gap in Aversion to Covid-19 Exposure: Evidence from Professional Tennis

We study the gender differences in aversion to COVID-19 exposure. We use a natural experiment of the 2020 US Open, which was organized in the country with the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, and was the first major professional tennis tournament that was held after the season had been paused for six months. We analyze the gender gap in the propensity to voluntarily withdraw because of COVID-19 concerns among players who were eligible and fit to play.We find that female players were significantly more likely than male players to have withdrawn from the 2020 US Open. While players from countries characterized by relatively high levels of trust and patience and relatively low levels of risk-taking were more likely to have withdrawn than their counterparts from other countries, female players exhibited significantly higher levels of aversion to pandemic exposure than male players even after cross-country differences in preferences are accounted for. About 15% of the probability of withdrawing that is explained by our model can be attributed to gender.

Tennis players and their levels of self-esteem. A comparative study on psychology at an intercollegiate tennis tournament?

The present research was conducted to investigate the relationship between tennis playing and self-esteem, and also, some variables at an intercollegiate tennis tournament. To this and, a total of 240 students (Mage:21,05±1,78) from different universities voluntarily participated in the study. In the process, as a data collection tool, Coopersmith Self-esteem inventory by developed Coopersmith in 1967 was used in this study and it was used to determine the participants' scores of self-esteem. A comparing design was used in the present research. This design was chosen because differences between three and more parameters were investigated in the study group. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were calculated for determining demographic features and scores (M, SD etc.). Participants were compared using MannWhitney U &amp; Kruskal-Wallis H Tests analysis. According to the results of the research, there was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between male and female students. There was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem among different departments and universities. There was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between having a physical injury and not having a physical injury. On the other hand, there was a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between having a psychological disorder and not having a psychological disorder. This result shows that playing tennis can change the self-esteem level in a positive direction.

Code Of Conduct (Code) Yunior Tennis Tournament In Athlet National Tenis Tournament TDP Bupati Solok Cup 2019

The period of mining development in the tennis sports is increasingly mushrooming. This is marked by the increasing number of tournaments both senior and Junior. Included in the Sumatra region itself. To become a professional player needs to be continuous in participating in the tournament, so athletes can continue to evaluate and measure their achievements. To deal with the tennis tournament recognized by PELTI, a player must obey the rules and Code of Conduct (Code) rules and order in the competition. One of the most basic things as an athlete is regarding the Code of Conduct (Code). Not many junior players know about the Tennis Court Code of Conduct (Code) and sometimes organizers and organizations forget this. For this reason, it is necessary to socialize about the code of ethics, so that players will get used to from the junior to participate in the tournament properly. Activities include " Code of Conduct (Code) for the Tennis Tennis Youth Tournament at the Solok Regent Tennis National Championship in 2019". This activity was held on 4 and 5 April 2019 in Kubung sub-district, Solok district, West Sumatra. The activity was attended by 40 National Junior Players who competed in the National Tennis Championship in the Solok II Regent Cup in 2019.

Node embeddings in dynamic graphs

In this paper, we present algorithms that learn and update temporal node embeddings on the fly for tracking and measuring node similarity over time in graph streams. Recently, several representation learning methods have been proposed that are capable of embedding nodes in a vector space in a way that captures the network structure. Most of the known techniques extract embeddings from static graph snapshots. By contrast, modeling the dynamics of the nodes in temporal networks requires evolving node representations. In order to update node representations that reflect the temporal changes in the local graph structure, we rely on ideas for data stream algorithms. For example, we assess neighborhood overlap by a MinHash fingerprint-based algorithm.To evaluate our methods, in addition to the standard link prediction task, we provide dynamic ground truth data for the quantitative evaluation of similarity search by using online updated node embeddings. In our experiments, we constructed tennis tournament Twitter mention graphs as edge streams and compiled dynamic ground truth by using tournament schedule as external source. Our new algorithms outperformed snapshot-based batch methods for both link prediction and similarity search.

The Justice of the Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments on the Basis of Draw, Competition Format System and Final Result: a Case Study of the US Open 2017 Men’s Singles Tournament

Abstract The tennis Grand Slam tournaments play a key role among the major sport events. Sport has also got a social interest to strive for justice. Is the main draw always fair? Is the competition format system right? Overall: can we achieve a just final result? When answering these questions, we need to focus on the telos of the sport event. Present study shows the relating theories of justice and examines them in connection with the US Open: from the evolutionist conception, through Aristotle’s excellence-based justice theory, to egalitarianism, meritocracy, equity and it also analyses some issues around positive discrimination. The study examines the justice theories of the US Open 2017 Men’s Singles Tournament’s with special focus on the draw, the competition format system and the final result. An important point: we can only talk about justice if it is consistent with the telos of the event – this is an exclusion criterion. In addition to the systematic processing of justice theories, the research is based on the International Tennis Federation’s (ITF) official documents and on the case study: the official competition regulation and final result of the US Open 2017 Tournament. As an outcome of the research, we can conclude that several theories of justice appear in accordance with the telos of the US Open 2017 Tournament. Each element, namely the draw, the competition format system and the final result can be fair, however, they all depend on the applied theory of justice. Which theories should be applied in certain cases and why? The research also confirms that certain theories of justice do not match the telos of the US Open Grand Slam Tournament. These theories cannot be applied in certain cases. For future search areas we can examine other justice theories, or other related tennis event’s justice.

Serve profile of male and female professional tennis players at the 2015 Roland Garros Grand Slam tournament

The aim of this study was to compare the serve statistics profile of male and female high-level tennis players. In all, 111 tennis singles matches of the Roland Garros 2015 tennis tournament were collected and 10 variables related to first and second serve were analyzed according to service box (deuce and advantage sides) and landing location (wide, body and T‑areas). The results show: (a) men served faster than women; (b) men served a higher percentage of serves at T‑area on deuce side (35.0 vs 27.7%) and at the wide zone on advantage side (44.1 vs 36.7%) with first serves, while women hit more to the body on both sides; (c) men won a higher percentage of points with their first serve compared to women at any zone on both sides, except for the T‑area on deuce side; (d) with their second serve, men placed a greater percentage of serves in the T‑area on deuce side (28.0 vs 21.8%) and wide on the advantage side, whereas women directed more to the body on the advantage side (41.4 vs 33.5%); (e) men won a higher percentage of points with their second serve when they placed it to the body zone on deuce side (54.1 vs 47.1%) and at the T‑area on the advantage side (64.4% vs 44.1%). Our conclusions are that with respect to gender, players showed differing serve patterns. Men served faster, with higher success and placed their serves more frequently to the external areas of the service boxes, while women directed a higher percentage of serves to the body of their opponent.

Assessment of Biologically Effective Solar Ultraviolet Exposures for Court Staff and Competitors During a Major Australian Tennis Tournament.

Sport is an integral and enduring part of many societies, such as Australia. Participation in outdoor sports, such as tennis, comes with a very real risk of dangerous solar ultraviolet exposure which can result in erythema (sunburn), serious conditions such as skin cancer, including melanoma, and eye conditions such as cataracts and pterygium. This study remotely assesses the effective ultraviolet exposures in response to the increased sun safety awareness at a major summertime tennis tournament in Australia. The assessment only uses publicly accessible data and information. It was found that tournament organizers have effectively adopted sun-safe protocols into the uniform policy that the court officials (judges and ball kids) are mandated to follow. The combination of sun-participant geometry and the photoprotection provided by uniforms significantly reduced the ambient ultraviolet exposure, which was recorded to be as high as 9.9SEDh-1 , to just 1.0 and 0.5SEDh-1 for ball kids and judges, respectively, compared to up to 2.0SEDh-1 for players. Even though caution is needed against complacency with sun safety, with the need for the court officials and the players to still apply sunscreen, the court officials provided persistent visual role modeling of sun-safe behaviors.

Rainbow Flags Over Margaret Court Arena: Commemoration vs. grassroots LGBTQ social activism at the Australian Open tennis championships

At the 2012 Australian Open tennis tournament, fans created a social movement in response to Margaret Court’s stance against marriage equality that she publicly stated in December 2011. ‘Rainbow Flags Over Margaret Court Arena’ was a loosely formed collective of people who used a Facebook page to organize. Court, now a fundamentalist minister with her own church, has, like so many fundamentalist Christians, likened homosexuality with sin. The actions of the ‘Rainbow Flags Over Margaret Court Arena’ group primarily involved being spectators at the Australian Open, in Margaret Court Arena, while waving or being adorned in rainbow flags. The enthusiasm and actions from this group compelled Laura Robson and Martina Navratilova to wear a rainbow headband and rainbow-adorned polo shirt, respectively, during their matches, and compelled Court and Navratilova to post full-page responses in the Melbourne newspaper. The friction between Court, Navratilova and Billie Jean King has its origins in the 1960s. The historical underpinnings of this social movement include the squabbles between Billie Jean King, and later Martina Navratilova, lesbian icons of women’s tennis, and Margaret Court, a top player who was a contemporary of King.

واقع الريادة الاستراتيجية لإدارة بطولات العاب المضرب في العراق من وجهة نظر القائمين عليها

The study aimed to identify the reality of the strategic leadership of the management of the tennis tournaments in Iraq from the point of view of the supervisors, and the researchers followed the method of case study descriptive research on a sample of individuals working in the central and subsidiary federations responsible for running the tennis tournaments in (14) The governorates of Kurdistan Region represent the administrative bodies of the central and secondary federations as well as the referees and trainers. In three Iraqi federations (table tennis, badminton and tennis) for the sports season (2018), they were randomized to reach (112) (47.059%) of the original research community, and 10 individuals for the exploratory experiment, representing (4.202%) of the same origin society. The researchers adopted the standard and applied it to the main sample, (SPSS) Conclusions The level of strategic leadership for the management of the tennis tournaments in Iraq has been weak and requires more attention to progress in the management of the tennis tournaments in Iraq, and that the organizers of the competitions in the three central federations in tennis games a high level of innovative creative and they need to support the leadership The organizers of the tournaments believe in the availability of ethical standards in the management of the tournaments and they need to be careful to remove the incompetent from the management of tournaments, and they have a good vision of the future of the management of the tournaments The future and they need to explain it to others.

Discouragement effect and intermediate prizes in multi-stage contests: Evidence from Davis Cup

The discouragement effect of being the lagging player in multi-stage contests is a well-documented phenomenon. In this study, we utilize data from 2447 Davis Cup matches in team tennis tournaments to test the effect of being behind or ahead on individuals’ performance with and without intermediate prizes. Using several different strategies to disentangle the effect of being ahead in the interim score from the effect of selection, we find the usual discouragement effect. However, the discouragement effect disappears after the introduction of intermediate prizes in the form of ranking points. The lagging favorite had close to a 20-percentage point greater probability of winning compared to matches without such a prize. We show that this result is not driven by the selection of better players into tournaments with intermediate prizes. As predicted by previous theoretical studies, our empirical findings suggest that intermediate prizes may mitigate or even eliminate the ahead–behind effects that arise in multi-stage contests.

Predicting the Outcome of a Tennis Tournament: Based on Both Data and Judgments

This paper is about predicting the outcome of tennis matches of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) using both data and judgments. There are many factors that influence that outcome. An important question is which factors have significant influence on the outcome. We have identified numerous factors and systematically prioritized them subjectively and objectively, so as to improve the accuracy of the prediction. We then used them to predict the win-lose outcome of the 2015 US OPEN tennis matches (63 men and 31 women’s games) before they took place. The tennis match prediction in sports literature thus far reported an accuracy rate of 70%.The accuracy of our proposed model which combines data and judgment reaches 85.1%

지역사회 스포츠 발전을 위한 로컬 거버넌스의 형성: B 테니스대회 사례를 중심으로

지역사회 스포츠 발전을 위한 로컬 거버넌스의 형성: B 테니스대회 사례를 중심으로

Automatic Curation of Sports Highlights Using Multimodal Excitement Features

The production of sports highlight packages summarizing a game's most exciting moments is an essential task for broadcast media. Yet, it requires labor-intensive video editing. We propose a novel approach for auto-curating sports highlights, and demonstrate it to create a first of a kind, real-world system for the editorial aid of golf and tennis highlight reels. Our method fuses information from the players’ reactions (action recognition such as high-fives and fist pumps), players’ expressions (aggressive, tense, smiling, and neutral), spectators (crowd cheering), commentator (tone of the voice and word analysis), and game analytics to determine the most interesting moments of a game. We accurately identify the start and end frames of key shot highlights with additional metadata, such as the player's name and the whole number, or analysts input allowing personalized content summarization and retrieval. In addition, we introduce new techniques for learning our classifiers with reduced manual training data annotation by exploiting the correlation of different modalities. Our work has been demonstrated at a major golf tournament (2017 Masters) and two major international tennis tournaments (2017 Wimbledon and U.S. Open), successfully extracting highlights through the course of the sporting events. For the 2017 Masters, 54% of the clips selected by our system overlapped with the official highlights reels. Furthermore, user studies showed that 90% of the non-overlapping ones were of the same quality of the official clips for the 2017 Masters, while the automatic selection of clips for highlights of 2017 Wimbledon and 2017 US Open agreed with human preferences 80% and 84.2% of the time, respectively.

Ranking in young tennis players—a study to determine possible correlates

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of physical, functional, experiential, and training-related characteristics with ranking in a cohort of competitive U12 tennis players. A total of 119 (boys = 68, girls = 51) nationally ranked Turkish players aged 9.6–12.3 years (10.9 ± 0.7) were measured on stature, sitting height, body mass, skinfolds, grip strength, and agility. Age at peak height velocity (APHV), percentage of predicted adult stature (PAS%), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentages (BF%) and growth status were calculated. Weekly training hours and experiences in regular tennis training and tournament play were recorded. Compared to boys, girls were found to be significantly taller and more advanced in maturation. There were no significant relationships between growth, APHV, BMI, BF% and rankings. In girls, PAS% was significantly correlated with ranking. Results revealed that variables regarding experience, training volume, and motor performance were significantly associated with ranking in both boys and girls. Age to start regular training (r = −0.540) for the girls and weekly training volume (r = −0.489) for the boys were the most correlated variables. These results were confirmed by logistic regression models. The findings highlight the possible positive consequences of early participation in regular tennis training and tournaments, rather than growth and body composition, on the ranking of U12 tennis players in both genders.

근대 한국 여성 운동복에 관한 연구

Women’s sports in Korea started with the introduction of gymnastics classes at Ewha School. Teachers from the West altered the students’ skirts and jeogori to make suitable clothes for physical education, while introducing western-style sportswear. After the introduction of gymnastics, women wore diverse sportswear until the Korean liberation; however, detailed studies regarding female sportswear in Korea have been lacking. This study examines the development of the sportswear in the West, the way sportswear spread in Japan, and the origin of the western-style sportswear that was introduced in Korea. Investigations of literature and photographs from the era of sportswear’s introduction have shown that female students, as their participation became more active, chose diverse sportswear according to their school affiliations or the sports. The most popular form of sportswear was the combination of bloomers and diverse blouse styles. The jumper skirt, called tunic, and blouse combination originated in England, and was then worn in Japan before being introduced in Korea. The jumper skirts were first introduced as gym suit, then were chosen as school uniforms for the summers of the 1930s. Some schools chose to have their students wear rompers, a one-piece combination of bloomers and a blouse, instead of two separate clothing pieces. Though students wore school-assigned sportswear or school uniforms for in-school exercises, they sometimes wore separate uniforms for public competitions. Students who participated in tennis tournaments wore uniforms based on their schools, and many of these school uniforms had white tops and bottoms. These white uniforms can be seen as a reflection of Western fashion. The widespread use of diverse sportswear allowed women to break free from the traditional views of gender, move more freely, and in turn, promote the participation of female students in sports.