Disorder Tendencies Research Articles

自閉スペクトラム症傾向のある学生に対する就業体験における振り返り面談の実態調査 : 就労支援者へのインタビュ－調査を通して

自閉スペクトラム症傾向のある学生に対する就業体験における振り返り面談の実態調査 : 就労支援者へのインタビュ－調査を通して

Relationship Between an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Tendency and Anxiety/Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adolescents

Relationship Between an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Tendency and Anxiety/Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adolescents

Relationship between handwriting dynamics using pentablets and tendency of developmental disorders.

Relationship between handwriting dynamics using pentablets and tendency of developmental disorders.

Effects of Appearance Schema on Eating Disorder Tendency in Adolescence: Mediating Effects of Body Checking Cognition

Effects of Appearance Schema on Eating Disorder Tendency in Adolescence: Mediating Effects of Body Checking Cognition

A pre-study about an assesment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Tendency for counseling in promoting social adaptability

A pre-study about an assesment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Tendency for counseling in promoting social adaptability

諸外国における限局性学習症(SLD)傾向のある小中学生に対する指導法の分析

諸外国における限局性学習症(SLD)傾向のある小中学生に対する指導法の分析

Validation of a Chinese version of the short form of Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30)

BackgroundThis study investigated the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the short form of Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), which is an effective tool to assess metacognitive beliefs that have been linked to mental disturbance/disorder. We also tested whether metacognition factors would correlate with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) tendency. MethodsSix hundred and eighty Chinese university students (Mean age=19.72, SD=1.38; 31.9% male) voluntarily completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Using standard translation procedures, the MCQ-30 items were translated from English into Chinese language and then back-translated. Depression, anxiety, and IGD tendency were assessed by validated scales. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results supported the five-factor structure of the MCQ-30, with satisfactory model fit and good reliability. Criterion-related validity was also supported by significant positive correlations between the five factors and depression/anxiety symptoms. All of the five metacognition factors were also significantly correlated with IGD tendency, with positive beliefs about worry and cognitive confidence being the most salient factor after controlling for gender and age. LimitationsThis study did not examine the test–retest reliability of this scale, and the generalizability of the findings to other age groups remains unclear. ConclusionsThis study showed satisfactory psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the MCQ-30 and is the first to demonstrate a positive association between specific metacognition factors and IGD tendency among Chinese people. The latter finding supports an application of metacognitive therapy to the treatment of behavioral addictions, including IGD.

Assessing the Relationship Between Drive for Thinness and Taste-Shape Correspondences.

Eating disorder tendencies are psychological characteristics that are prevalent in healthy young females and are known to be among the risk factors for eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. People with greater eating disorder tendencies strongly associate sweet and fatty foods with weight gain and strictly avoid consuming such foods. However, little is known about how eating disorder tendencies influence the association between taste and body shape impression. Research on crossmodal correspondences suggests that people preferentially associate sweet tastes with round shapes, and individual differences affect the degree of such associations. This study investigates how the degree of taste-shape matching is related to eating disorder tendencies with a preliminary investigation of what mediates this relationship. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, healthy participants rated the degree of association between basic taste words (sweet/sour/salty/bitter) and roundness of shape and subsequently completed questionnaires addressing eating disorder tendencies. In Experiment 2, participants answered additional questionnaires addressing obsessiveness, dichotomous thinking, and self-esteem. The results of Experiment 1 indicated a positive correlation between drive for thinness, which is one indicator of an eating disorder tendency, and the degree of matching sweetness to round shape. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and revealed the mediating effect of obsessiveness. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in taste-shape matching and eating disorder tendency and the preliminary mediating role of obsessiveness. The present study provides new insight into the role of sweet-round matching in eating disorder tendencies and the associated psychological mechanisms.

The Effect of Convergence Vision Therapy on Symptoms and Visual Perception in Children with ADHD tendency

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vision therapy improves symptom and visual perceptual skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tendency who have visual problems. The subjects of this study were 10 children. Before and after vision therapy, the visual function test, developmental test of visual-motor integration, test of visual perceptual skills, and ADHD rating scale test were performed. Vision therapy was conducted twice a week for a period of 6 months to 1 year. After vision therapy, all subjects achieved normal ranges of visual function, sensory fusion, stereoacuity, vergence function, and convergence. The visual function and visual perceptual skill were improved and the score for ADHD symptoms was reduced. Therefore, it seems that vision therapy can be used to improve the symptoms and visual perception of children with ADHD.

The Phytophthora infestans AVR2 Effector Escapes R2 Recognition Through Effector Disordering

Intrinsic disorder is a common structural characteristic of proteins and a central player in the biochemical processes of species. However, the role of intrinsic disorder in the evolution of plant-pathogen interactions is rarely investigated. Here, we explored the role of intrinsic disorder in the development of the pathogenicity in the RXLR AVR2 effector of Phytophthora infestans. We found AVR2 exhibited high nucleotide diversity generated by point mutation, early-termination, altered start codon, deletion/insertion, and intragenic recombination and is predicted to be an intrinsically disordered protein. AVR2 amino acid sequences conferring a virulent phenotype had a higher disorder tendency in both the N- and C-terminal regions compared with sequences conferring an avirulent phenotype. In addition, we also found virulent AVR2 mutants gained one or two short linear interaction motifs, the critical components of disordered proteins required for protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, virulent AVR2 mutants were predicted to be unstable and have a short protein half-life. Taken together, these results support the notion that intrinsic disorder is important for the effector function of pathogens and demonstrate that SLiM-mediated protein-protein interaction in the C-terminal effector domain might contribute greatly to the evasion of resistance-protein detection in P. infestans.

0757 Increasing Number of Cases Who Had Both Hypersomnolence Disorders and Developmental Disorders With Orexin Measurements

Abstract Introduction Recently, attention has been paid to the relationship between developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and sleep disorders. We meet many developmental disorder patients who complaint hypersomnolence. Among these patients, cases with coexistence of central hypersomnia and developmental disorders, or developmental disorder alone were increased. Therefore, we first investigated patients with the complaint of hypersomnolence, who were also suspected developmental disorders. Furthermore, we have been measuring CSF orexin in 17 cases suspected of both disorders to investigate orexin levels of these patients. Methods 86patients who complained of EDS with suspicion of developmental disorders had been examined. In order to diagnose hypersomnolence disorders, PSG and MSLT were performed. Psychological examinations were performed for diagnosing developmental disorders.We have been measuring for CSF orexin in 17 cases suspected both hypersomnolence and developmental disorders. We examined the onset of hypersomnolence and the clinical history of these ADHD or ASD cases for more details. Results In 86 examined cases, developmental disorders coexisted in 30 cases. Among 30 cases, ADHD were 18, ASD were 6 and both diagnosed were 6 cases. Among them, 20 cases diagnosed as having coexistence of hypersomnia (8: narcolepsy, 12: IHS) and developmental disorders (ADHD:12, ASD:4, ADHD/ASD:4). In 17 cases with orexin measurements, 10 cases coexisted ADHD and 4 cases coexisted ASD. Two cases diagnosed as both ADHD and ASD. In 10 ADHD cases, 3 cases had low orexin levels, and 7 cases had normal orexin levels. Other 7 ASD cases had normal orexin levels. Conclusion ADHD has a higher rate of central hypersomnia (12/18) compared with ASD and the rate of narcolepsy was also high (5/12). While patients in ASD was diagnosed as IHS (3/6), narcolepsy cases were not observed. It became clear that the majority of patients had developmental disorder or had a tendency for developmental disorder before the onset of hypersomnolence.Although it is possible that ADHD/ASD symptoms may be exacerbated by orexin dysfunctions, ADHD/ASD may not newly occur. There were cases with low orexin levels, but it seems that narcolepsy happened to coexist with developmental disorders. Support a

Analysis of Psycological Disorder Tedency for Polygamous Women Reproductive Health in Pamekasan Madura

The majority of polygamous marriages in Indonesia are only based on law and religion, regardless of the effects of polygamy. The lack attention public about the psychology that occurs in polygamous women. While, the impact of psychological disorders itself can affect to female hormones that can be caused to a reproduction system. The reproductive system can also experience disorders due to illness or abnormalities. The diseases of the reproductive system can be caused by germs, genetic factors, or hormones. Women have complex problems around their reproductive lives. Disorders of the female reproductive system can include menstrual disorders, vaginal cancer, cancer cervix, ovarian cancer, genetalia cancer, endometriosis, vaginal infections, vaginal discharge or fluorine, and Ghonorrhea. The purpose of this study is to explore the occurrence of psychological disorders that affect the reproductive health of polygamous women. The research design used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data collection in this study used in-depth interview techniques with semi-structured questions with a sample of 10 informants. From the results of the study indicate that the analysis of psychological disorders that have an impact on women's reproductive health in polygamy has good benefits for health workers and for the community, especially women. In analyzing the tendency of psychological disorders that affect the reproductive health of women who are polygamous there are many things that can be used as references on how the effects of polygamous marriages are related to women's reproductive health, both negative and positive impacts. In analyzing the trends of production in polygamous women there are some hopes of supporting improvements in public health, especially women's reproductive health. Based on this research, further research is needed on the analysis of trends in the occurrence of psychological disorders that have an impact on reproductive health in polygamous women in Pamekasan Madura

WNK1 Regulates Cell Volume via Crowding‐Induced Phase Transitions

When challenged by hypertonicity, dehydrated cells recover their volume though regulatory volume increase (RVI). This process is thought to be initiated by an undefined intracellular sensing and transduction mechanism that responds to macromolecular crowding (Parker JC AJP 1993). In many cell types, RVI is mediated by the bumetanide‐sensitive cotransporter NKCC1, which is phosphorylated and activated by the WNK‐SPAK/OSR1 pathway. Reconciling the mechanism of hypertonic stress‐induced activation of NKCC1 has been challenging, as upstream WNK kinases such as WNK1, though required for bumetanide‐sensitive RVI (Roy A AJP 2015), should be inactivated by the strengthened intracellular chloride concentration caused by cell shrinkage (Piala AT Sci Signaling 2014). We describe our efforts to unravel this paradox using a combination of high‐speed live cell and fluorescence lifetime imaging, correlative light electron microscopy, gene editing, and biochemical approaches in cells. During hyperosmotic cell shrinkage and macromolecular crowding caused by reduced cell water, WNK1 dynamically concentrates into membraneless liquid droplets. These changes in WNK1 localization occur at native levels of expression and are visible within physiologic range (25 mOsm above isotonicity), triggering a cascade of condensed WNK1 autoactivation, droplet fusion, cytosolic exchange, and downstream SPAK/OSR1/NKCC1 phosphorylation within a 15 minute bumetanide‐sensitive RVI time course. When cells are rapidly switched from hypertonic to hypotonic media, the WNK1 condensates quickly dissipate, confirming their reversible nature and association with physiologic changes in cell size and intracellular crowding. An optogenetic screening assay that employs the PHR domain of Cry2 to trigger light‐induced crowding and phase separation revealed that the formation of WNK1 condensates requires its large intrinsically disordered C‐terminus, whose strong regional disorder tendency is highly conserved across evolution despite poor sequence homology. This disorder‐encoded phase behavior allows WNK kinases to react to a crowded cytosol, bypass the ionic strength dilemma, and restore cell volume via mass action. Thus, our findings indicate that in addition to their well‐appreciated role as chloride sensors, WNK kinases are molecular crowding sensors that phase separate to coordinate a conserved hyperosmotic stress response. While this evolutionarily conserved mechanism appears to be critical for WNK kinases to sense cell shrinkage and amplify the NKCC1 RVI signal, we propose that it also impacts diverse WNK‐dependent signaling processes important in mammalian epithelial and neuronal physiology.Support or Funding InformationNIH R01DK098145, R01DK119252, K08DK118211, F32HL142229, P30DK079307

Pengaruh Stres Kerja Berat Terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan Mental Emosional Pada Staf Manajerial Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing

Pendahuluan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja berat sebagai staf manajerial dengan risiko terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode comparative cross sectional. Stres kerja diukur dengan kuesioner Survei Diagnosis Stres (SDS) sedangkan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional dinilai dengan kuesioner Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 105 orang yang terlebih dahulu diminta mengisi kuesioner stres kerja. Kemudian untuk menilai kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional, sebanyak 30 responden dipilih secara acak dari masing-masing kelompok stres kerja ringan-sedang dan stres kerja berat. Hasil: Prevalensi stres kerja berat pada staf manajerial adalah sebesar 35,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 47; 95% CI 7,37-300,17; p<0,001). Komponen stresor kerja yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan mental emosional adalah beban kerja kualitatif (OR 10,67; 95%CI 1,03–109,94; p 0,047) dan perkembangan karir (OR 10,83; 95%CI 1,03–114,15; p 0,047). Pendidikan merupakan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 0,17; 95% CI 0,03-0,83; p 0,029). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor pekerjaan terhadap terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional.

A Sequential Emotion Approach for Diagnosing Mental Disorder on Social Media

Mental disorder has been affecting numerous individuals; however, mental health care is in a passive state where only a minority of individuals actively seek professional help. Due to the rapid development of social networks, individuals accustomed to expressing their raw feelings on social media include patients who are suffering great pain from mental disorders. To distinguish individuals who merely feel sad and others who have mental disorders, the symptoms of mental disorder are taken into consideration. These symptoms constantly arise as a regular pattern like shifting of emotions or repeating of one representative emotion during a certain time. We proposed a Mental Disorder Identification Model (MDI-Model) to identify the four most commonly occurring mental disorders in the world: anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The MDI-Model compares the sequential emotion pattern from users to identify mental disorders to detect those who are in a high risk. Tweets of diagnosed mental disorder users were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the MDI-Model, furthermore, the tweets of users from six different occupations were analyzed to verify the precision and predict the tendency of mental disorder among the different occupations. Results show that the MDI-Model can efficiently diagnose users with high precision in different mental statuses as severe, moderate, and mild stage, or tendency of mental disorder and mentally healthy status.

대인관계 스트레스가 경계선 성격장애 경향 집단의 정서경험과 대상표상에 미치는 영향

대인관계 맥락에 따라 경계선 성격장애 경향 집단의 대상표상이 변화하는 양상을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 대학생 1,054명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 경계선 성격장애 경향 집단(27명)과 통제집단(28명)을 선정하였다. 연구 참가자에게 중립 상황과 대인관계 스트레스 상황을 유발한 다음에 주제통각검사(TAT)를 실시하였고, TAT 프로토콜을 사회인지와 대상관계 척도(SCORS-G)로 평정하여 대상표상의 수준을 파악하였다. 연구 결과, 경계선 성격장애 경향 집단은 통제집단에 비해 대상표상이 질적으로 손상되어 있었고, 정서적 측면에서의 결함에 비해 인지적 측면에서의 결함이 두드러졌다. 특히, 경계선 성격장애 경향 집단은 중립 상황에 비해 대인관계 스트레스 상황에서 대상표상의 인지적 측면이 더욱 손상되었으나, 대상표상의 정서적 측면은 상황에 따른 변화가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 경계선 성격장애 환자가 대인관계에서 스트레스를 경험하게 되면 인지적 측면을 중심으로 대상표상이 손상되고, 이로 인해 자신과 타인의 내적상태와 사회적 상호작용을 이해하는 데 어려움을 겪게 되어 성격 전반에 심리적 불안정성을 나타낼 수 있음을 시사한다.

Body Dismorphic Disorder Tendency to Stress Level in Female Adolescences

Body Dismorphic Disorder(BDD) tendency is a series of symptoms experienced by a person that leads to dissatisfaction with the physical appearance or body appearance that usually occurs in adolescent girls. Where female adolescences have more obsession with physical appearance and the desire to have a perfect body shape, so they make various efforts to overcome the shortcomings in terms of physical. This will result in the burden of mind on young women when their desires cannot be achieved, and have an impact on the emergence of stress.The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the tendency of BDD to stress levels in female adolescences in a high school. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive correlational research approach with crosssectional design. The sample of this study was 216 female adolescent respondents with a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis by using test Rank Spearman correlation test. Research result shows that of tendency BDD in female adolescences in the ccategory of high BDD tendencies (55,6%) and low BDD tendency category (44,4%). The stress level in female adolescences in the mild stress category (33,3%), normal category (30,1%), moderate stress category (30,6%), and severe stress category (6%). Conclusion showed the relationship between the tendency of BDD to stress levels (p = 0,000) with a correlation coefficient of 0.646, i.e. the higher of BDD tendency, the more it will influence the stress level.

The Impact of a Health At Every Size College Course on Eating Disorder Tendencies, Self-Compassion and Body Shame

The Impact of a Health At Every Size College Course on Eating Disorder Tendencies, Self-Compassion and Body Shame

Aggression of Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder Tendency under Conditions of Social Exclusion

Aggression of Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder Tendency under Conditions of Social Exclusion

Pengaruh kesepian terhadap kecenderungan internet gaming disorder pada pemain battle royale game

Online games in this era can be played with mobile phones. One of the most popular mobile games today is the battle royale game. The frequent play of online games over period of 12 months can cause players to tend to internet gaming disorder. One factor that is though to affect the frequency of playing online games is loneliness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of loneliness on tendency of internet gaming disorder. This research is a quantitative non-experimental regression form. The subject of this study amounted to 103 subjects with the characteristics of playing battle royale game at least 4.5 hours per day and aged 18 to 25 years obtained by accidental sampling technique. The scale of this study uses the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale developed by researchers to measure the loneliness and scale of Internet Gaming Disorders to measure the tendency of internet gaming disorder. The results of a simple regression analysis results of the coefficient of determination (r2) 0.066 with sig (p) 0.009 (p <0.01) and the correlation coefficient yield (r) 0.258 which shows a positive influence between the choice tendency of internet gaming disorder in players with battle royale 6.6%.