Tendency For Recurrence Research Articles

Predictive value of computed tomography in the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a nasal disease with a high tendency for recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare the use of computed tomography (CT) scan with other clinical parameters in predicting the recurrence of CRSwNP. A total of 272 consecutive CRSwNP patients undergoing endoscopic functional sinus surgery were recruited. The demographic characteristics and clinical parameters, including CT scores, level of exhaled nitric oxide, and peripheral eosinophilia, were recorded. The degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the sinus mucosa was evaluated. Two hundred thirty of the 272 patients completed the study (118 patients with recurrence and 112 patients with no recurrence). The average follow-up time was 24 months after the first surgery. The 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to age, gender distribution, comorbid allergy, exhaled oral fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels, nasal obstruction/runny nose/headache/facial pain scores, Lund-Mackay score, peripheral eosinophil percentage, and peripheral eosinophil absolute count. The onset of surgical history and asthma, visual analog scores of CRS, anosmia score, ratio of total ethmoid sinus scores for both sides and maxillary sinus score for both sides (E/M ratio), Lund-Kennedy score, tissue eosinophil percentage, and tissue eosinophil absolute count were significantly higher in the recurrence group. The E/M ratio showed high accuracy as a predictor for CRSwNP recurrence. The cut-off point of 2.55 for E/M ratio indicated the highest predictive value of CRSwNP recurrence. The E/M ratio is a useful predictor for the recurrence of CRSwNP in the Chinese population.

Oxidative stress-related pathophysiology in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: research challenges

Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is considered a multifactorial pathology with negative impact on the quality of life and considerable socio-economic effects. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP has not yet been fully elucidated despite remarkable studies in this field. This limits the pathogenic treatment and, therefore, the pathological process is expressed by a greater tendency of recurrence. Patients with recurrent CRSwNP remain in a severe state and therapeutically uncontrolled. In recent studies, the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP has been more frequently mentioned. CRSwNP is considered a response of the sinonasal tissue on the inflammatory state, associated with OS and production of reactive oxygen species, causing injury to sinonasal tissues. It was demonstrated that the amount of ROS in the nasal polyp tissue corresponds to the severity of CRSwNP. A literature review on the role of OS in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP was undertaken. The relevant information was identified using a search of electronic databases. Keywords used to highlight relevant papers were a combination of “chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps” and “oxidative stress”. This review demonstrates that there is a strong relationship between OS and CRSwNP pathogenesis. It is hypothesized that antioxidants may have a preventive role in CRSwNP. Nevertheless, additional research is required to further evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma; recurrence, malignant transformation and risk factors

Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a rare benign epithelial tumor. Its three main clinical characteristics are the tendency of recurrence, the destructive ability of nearby structures and malignant transformation. The primary manifestations of this tumor include nasal obstruction, headaches, runny nose, hemorrhage and impaired sense of smell. The diagnosis is based on the clinical and endoscopic examination completed by CT or MRI scans and biopsy of the lesion. Allergies, chronic inflammation, nicotinism and viral infections such as HPV infection are considered possible causes of pathogenesis and potential risk factors for relapse and malignancy. The treatment for this condition is the complete removal of the tumor with disease-free margins. Postoperative follow-up is essential for the early detection of recurrence or malignant transformation. One of the most basic and important steps in managing these patients is to acknowledge the presence of the mentioned risk factors and avoid exposure. Due to the high risk of relapse, the follow-up must be aggressive and thorough and always include the endoscopic examination. In our article, we wish to highlight the importance of the proper surgical intervention, but also the difference in the overall outcome of the patient ensured by the correct management of the risk factors, allowing us to prevent recurrence and malignant transformation.

Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour. Review of the literature and own experience.

The present paper discusses the case of a patient who was surgically treated for a rare calcifying epithelia/ odontogenic tumour (Pindborg tumour) at the Department of Maxillofacia/ Surgery, F. Chopin Clinical Voivodeship Hospital in Rzeszow. Ca/cifying Epithelia/ Odontogenic Tumour (CEOT) is a benign odontogenic tumour arising from the remnants of the dental lamina epithelium. The first three cases of this tumour were recognized by the Danish patho/ogist J.J. Pindborg in 1955. Since then Ca/cifying Epithelia/ Odontogenic Tumour has been commonly referred to as the Pindborg tumour. This type of neop/asm is relatively rare, since it occurs in approximately 0.4% of all odontogenic tumour cases. Due to a fairly common tendency of recurrence, estimated to be approximately 14% of all cases, the preferred o choice of treatment is radical surgical procedure and postoperative follow-up. Appropriate clinical and histopatho/ogical diagnosis is very important before applying the most suitable surgical treatment. Based on the case reviewed and the available literature, we can confirm the suitability of the therapeutic procedure course aligned with contemporary views, guidelines and established standards.

It hurts ’cause you’re in my world now, bitch: Gothic features in the 1984 and 2010 versions of A Nightmare on Elm Street

This article aims to discuss the 1984 slasher film A Nightmare on Elm Street and its 2010 remake within a Gothic framework. The main hypothesis is that while both versions display Gothic traces in their imagery and structure, such as transgression and excesses (Botting, 2004), the monstrous character, the haunting return of the past, and the Terrible Place (Clover, 2015), the 2010 film capitalizes more efficiently on the interplay between appearance and reality by enhancing the importance of trauma in its plot. The proposal’s pertinence and originality rely on the juxtaposition of a consolidated framework (Gothic studies), a prolific horror cinema subgenre (slashers), and a recurrent tendency in contemporary cinema (remakes).

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of primary extranodal classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary extranodal classical Hodgkin lymphoma (PE-cHL).MethodsClinical features and outcomes of 22 PE-cHL patients who received initial chemotherapy January 2008 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with 274 primary nodal Hodgkin lymphoma (PN-cHL) patients treated in the same period.ResultsWith a median follow-up period of 42 months, compared with 274 PN-cHL patients, no significant difference of overall response rate (ORR) or complete remission (CR) rate was found, but the PE-cHL patients showed a higher recurrence rate (36.4% vs. 13.1%, p = .003) and poorer survival [(5-year overall survival (OS) rate: 64.6% vs. 97.7%, p = .001; 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate: 42.4% vs. 82.2%, p < .001)]. To minimize the effects of confounding factors, PE-cHL patients were matched with PN-cHL patients at a ratio of 1:1 according to age, gender, histological types and stage. Compared with 22 matched PN-cHL cases, PE-cHL was still associated with poor PFS (5-year PFS: 42.4% vs. 79.9%, p = .004). As to 22 PE-cHL patients, univariate analysis showed elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and elevated platelet (PLT) were associated with poor PFS (p < .05).DiscussionCompared with PN-cHLs, PE-cHLs showed a considerable shorter duration of remission, higher recurrence tendency and poorer survival, indicating that more intensive therapy may be needed.ConclusionThe prognosis of PE-cHL is unfavorable. Elevated LDH and PLT are poor prognostic factors for PE-cHL.

Characteristics and management of sinonasal paragangliomas: a systematic review.

Paragangliomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, although exceedingly rare, can exhibit frequent and aggressive recurrences. Our objective was to evaluate tumor characteristics, clinical course, management, and associated complications of sinonasal paragangliomas METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, searching for sinonasal paraganglioma. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were assessed for level of evidence. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, primary intervention, and other clinical characteristics were evaluated. Forty-five relevant studies encompassing 54 patients with sinonasal paraganglioma were identified. The most common tumor locations were the nasal cavity (66.7%), ethmoid sinuses (22.2%), maxillary sinuses (7.4%), and sphenoid sinuses (3.7%). Common presenting symptoms included recurrent epistaxis (68.5%), nasal obstruction (53.7%), and headache (13.0%). Tumors were malignant in 28.6% of patients. Only 4 cases (7.4%) involved functional tumors. Initial management was always surgical, via either an open (63.0%) or endoscopic (33.3%) approach. Radiotherapy was used as adjunctive treatment in 10 cases (18.5%). Recurrence rate was 21.7% and occurred between 12 to 156 months after initial resection. The overall survival was 87.0% with a metastatic rate of 8.7%. Sinonasal paragangliomas are vascular neoplasms manifesting clinically with recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Management goals are total resection with clear margins and long-term follow-up due to tendency for local recurrence. Radiotherapy has been utilized as adjuvant therapy with variable results. Further randomized controlled studies may be invaluable in elucidating these findings.

Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcome of Primary Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: 14 Cases From a Single Institution

Primary intracranial Ewing sarcoma (ES)/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are extremely rare, and only a few studies have reported >4 cases of this disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of primary intracranial ES/pPNETs. The clinical data of 14 patients who had been surgically treated from February 2003 to November 2017 and in whom immunohistochemical staining results had confirmed the diagnosis of primary intracranial ES/pPNETs were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the survival rate and the median survival time (MST). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 7 cases, and subtotal resection was performed in 7 cases. During follow-up, 10 (71.4%) patients had local recurrence and 3 (21.4%) patients had distant metastasis. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 78.6%, 47.6%, and 19.0%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that postoperative radiotherapy was a significant prognostic factor for longer MST (P= 0.034). GTR and radiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy yielded the highest 2-year survival rate (100%). Three patients who underwent GTR, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy had the highest 2-year survival rates (100%) and the longest MST (48 months). Primary intracranial ES/pPNETs have an aggressive clinical course, with a high tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Radiotherapy plays a significant role in improving the survival of patients. GTR combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be the most beneficial treatment modality.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly: current insights.

Balance disorders, unsteadiness, dizziness and vertigo in the elderly are a significant health problem, needing appropriate treatment. One third of elderly patients with vertigo were diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common cause of dizziness in both primary care specialist Neurology and Ear Nose Throat settings. BPPV presents a specific paroxysmal positional nystagmus which can be obtained using the appropriate diagnostic positional test and can be treated effectively using specific therapeutic maneuvers. This review presents current insights into the diagnostic, pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of BPPV in the elderly. BPPV in older patients does not differ significantly from BPPV in younger patients, with regard to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. However, in older patients, its prevalence is higher and it responds less effectively to treatment, having a tendency for recurrence. Specific issues which should be considered in the elderly are: 1) difficulty in obtaining an accurate history; 2) difficulty in performing the diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers, which should be executed with slow and gentle movements and extremely cautiously to avoid any vascular or orthopedic complications; and 3) the relation between BPPV and falls.

Angiosarcoma of Breast in Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report

Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare aggressive malignancy of the endothelial origin with a tendency for local regional recurrence. A frequent clinical presentation is a painful palpable smooth mass or diffuse enlargement of the breast without a palpable mass but with purple discoloration of the overlying skin with apparent bruising. The aim is to give optimal treatment to the mother to maximize the chances of survival, while minimizing the risk of harm of the fetus. Here, we present a rare case of angiosarcoma of breast during pregnancy. Twenty-seven-year-old primigravida at 25 weeks of gestation presented to our hospital with complaints of lump in right breast with rapid increase in size and associated with pain. Ultrasound-guided FNAC showed features of angiosarcoma; hence, right-sided modified radical mastectomy was performed. Histopathological findings and epithelial markers of the removed tumor confirmed as angiosarcoma with no evidence of lymph node involvement. HRCT lungs showed metastasis in right lung middle lobe. In view of metastasis, she was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy before and after delivery.

Clinicopathologic correlation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia from a university hospital in North Taiwan 1994 to 2014

To describe the clinical and histologic characteristics of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and evaluate factors significant in recurrence at a university hospital in North Taiwan. Patient charts, clinical features, and pathology records were retrospectively reviewed in patients with pathology-proved OSSN from January, 1994 to December, 2014. Clinicopathologic correlation was analyzed. Thirty-six patients were recruited. Mean age was 63.4±13.0 (ranging from 23 to 87) years old. OSSN was predominant in men (21/36). Clinical appearances included papilliform in 17 eyes, gelatinous in 11 eyes, leukoplakic in 3 eyes, and 5 eyes in corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Of 31 conjunctival OSSN, there were 4 in CIN I, 11 in CIN II, 13 in CIN III, and 3 in squamous cell carcinoma. Superior location was associated with higher-grade OSSN. Although statistical analysis was not significant, papilliform and multifocal lesions showed a trend of high-grade OSSN. The stages of tumor were 4, 5, 26, and 1 eye(s) in T1 to T4, respectively. Recurrence of disease occurred in 9 cases (25%) with mean recurrence time of 20.6 (range: 4 to 65) months. Multifocal lesion has a higher tendency for recurrence. Superior location was associated with high-grade OSSN, and papilliform OSSN might have a tendency of severe and invasive lesions. Multifocal lesions might be associated with higher-grade OSSN and higher recurrence rates.

A prospective comparative study of clinical profile and severity of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) causes vital organ dysfunction. The manifestation of severe form of falciparum malaria includes cerebral malaria, acidosis, severe anaemia, renal failure, hypotension, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and convulsion. Death rate used to be high. But vivax malaria is not presented in severe form and there is tendency of recurrence. Present study has been designed to compare clinical profile and severity of P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria in coastal district of Andhra Pradesh.Methods: Present study is a prospective comparative randomized observational study conducted in the depart of general medicine Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh from February 2016 to May 2018. The study population include 260 patients diagnosed to have P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria and being admitted in the general medicine dept. Govt medical college Kakinada randomly selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria.Results: Out of 172 Falciparum malaria patients’ anaemia was present in 39.53% patient and out of 88 P. vivax patients 43.18% patients have anaemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 19.76% patients of falciparum malaria and 79.54% of P. vivax. Increased leucocyte count was seen in 29.65% P. falciparum and 4.54% P. vivax patients. Leukopenia was seen in 9.3% P. falciparum and 1.136% P. vivax patient. PT and APTT was increased in 12.79% patients of P. falciparum malaria and 6.8% patients of P. vivax malaria. Liver enzyme was elevated in 27.9% of P. falciparum patients and 47.72% patients of P. vivax patients. Raised serum urea and creatinine, was seen in 18.60% patients of P. falciparum and 18.18% patients of P. vivax malaria. Electrolyte imbalance was also found in both groups.Conclusions: - In present study number of falciparum malaria cases were more than vivax with male predominance. Hepatomegaly was more common falciparum, but splenomegaly was more common in vivax malaria patients. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were more common in P. vivax malaria patients. Elevated liver enzyme was more common in P. vivax patients but elevated serum urea and creatinine was almost same in both groups. Except hepatic dysfunction all other complication was more in falciparum then vivax infection. Death was only marginally high in falciparum then vivax malaria patients.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the pleura with adjacent chest wall invasion and metastasis to the kidney: a case report

BackgroundInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm that frequently involves the lung and abdominopelvic region, and is found mainly in children and young adults. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor tends to be locally invasive or recurrent, and rarely metastasizes.Case presentationA 76-year-old Korean man presented with a history of upper back pain for 2 months and motor weakness in both lower extremities for 2 days. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of his chest and abdomen showed a large heterogeneous pleural mass involving the right fifth rib and vertebral body and a mass infiltrating the right renal hilum. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the pleural mass was performed. The histological findings on hematoxylin and eosin staining showed proliferation of spindle cells with infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells positive for CD68, focally positive for smooth muscle actin, and negative for cytokeratin and desmin. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was diagnosed based on the histological examination. Treatment with glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg) and radiotherapy (5 days/week for 3 weeks at 3 Gy/fraction, 45 Gy/15 days) was started. After 1 month, chest computed tomography showed a reduction in the size of the pleural mass, and abdominopelvic computed tomography showed decreased infiltration around the right renal pelvis.ConclusionsInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare neoplasm of intermediate malignant potential due to a tendency for local recurrence and it rarely develops distant metastases. Complete surgical resection is the primary treatment. However, unresectable and metastatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor can be treated with systemic therapy, including glucocorticoids, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy.

Plasty of Achilles region with propeller tendon-fasciocutaneous peroneal artery perforator flap after radical excision of a neglected squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a slow-growing, aggressive skin cancer with tendency for recurrence and metastasis to the lymph nodes and adjacent vital structures. Treatment for SCC is wide excision and reconstruction. Complex defects with tendon or bone exposure require reconstruction with local, pedicled or free flaps, either cutaneous, fascial or tendon-fasciocutaneous, bone or muscle flaps. The aim of the case report is to present the post-oncologic reconstruction of the complex defect of Achilles region using a composite tendon-fasciocutaneos peroneal propeller pedicled perforator flap with anatomic and functional restoration. Case report: a 57-year-old man with diabetes type II for 10 years, presented with a 20-year history of static non-healing ulcer at left Achilles tendon level after a car accident. The biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma on the background of chronic inflammation. Wide resection included Achilles tendon and calcaneus bone, with resulting tissue defect of 12x16 cm. Perforator peroneal artery flap with tendon of 11cm length rotated propeller in 180 degree to the distal region provided defect coverage. Skin graft resurfaced the donor site. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, the tendon-fasciocutaneous flap survived entirely with skin graft fully integrated. Conclusions: The tendon-fasciocutaneous peroneal artery perforator flap in pedicled propeller fashion provides good function of the limb with minimum recovery time for oncologic patients. Concomitantly, the cosmetic aspect of the reconstruction makes our choice a valuable choice to resurface complex defects of the Achilles region.

Clinicopathological Behavior and Treatment-related Outcome of Rare Salivary Duct Carcinoma: The Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Experience

BackgroundSalivary gland tumors are rare salivary gland malignancies with resemblance to ductal breast carcinoma. We have described clinicopathological behavior and treatment outcomes of this rare malignancy.MethodsSalivary duct carcinoma patients treated from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed for clinicopathological characteristics and treatment-related outcomes of the disease.ResultsA total of 12 patients with salivary duct carcinoma were included in the study. All were males with mean age of 52.58 ± 13.43. Parotid gland was the most commonly involved major salivary gland while buccal mucosa and anterior tongue were most common oral cavity sub-sites involving minor salivary glands. The disease-free survival was 75% at 10 months and 25% at 20 months. The mean follow-up time was 12 months. There were three local recurrences and one distant metastasis.ConclusionSalivary duct carcinoma is a locally aggressive tumor with tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Adverse features such as perineural invasion, extra-capsular spread and advanced nodal disease may worsen prognosis.

Advanced interatrial block is an electrocardiographic marker for recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion

BackgroundEarly recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is common following a successful electrical cardioversion (ECV). The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that AF recurrence is related to atrial electrical inhomogeneity, which may influence the P wave characteristics. MethodsTwo hundred ninety-one consecutive persistent AF patients who underwent ECV were enrolled, and evaluated for AF recurrences one month after the ECV. Patients with open-heart surgery, a history of catheter ablation, and an unsuccessful ECV were excluded. The P wave duration, dispersion and P wave morphology were evaluated by 12‑lead ECGs 30 min after the ECV. ResultsIn total, 141 patients were investigated. One month after the ECV, 60 (43%) patients maintained sinus rhythm. The advanced interatrial block (aIAB; P wave duration >120 ms and biphasic P waves in the inferior leads) (Hazard ratio [HR], 4.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–14.01, P = 0.009), P wave dispersion (HR, 1.06; 95%CI 1.02–1.09, P = 0.001), and duration of AF per month (HR, 1.03; 95%CI 1.01–1.04, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of AF recurrence. An aIAB was not associated with structural parameters such as the left atrial volume index or right atrial area. There were no differences in the serum BNP level and frequency of administering anti-arrhythmic drugs between the patients with and without recurrence. ConclusionsThe risk of AF recurrence after the ECV can be predicted by the P wave characteristics. A longer P wave dispersion and the duration of AF also had a tendency for recurrence.

Mucous pseudocysts-when and how to treat?

The treatment of mucous pseudocysts must consider their tendency for recurrence. There are numerous established treatment options available. The decision on the optimal therapy, however, depends on the clinical presentation and symptoms as well as on possible side effects. This review presents surgical as well as nonsurgical treatment options for digital mucous pseudocysts and an algorithm is suggested. For recurrent and symptomatic lesions with pain or deformation of the nail plate, surgical excision of the pseudocyst and closure with aflap can be considered.

Analysis of KRT1, KRT10, KRT19, TP53 and MMP9 expression in pediatric and adult cholesteatoma.

Cholesteatoma is an epidermal cyst with still unknown pathomechanism. The aim of the current study was to investigate molecular differences in the background of the hyperproliferative property and aggressive behavior typical of the cholesteatoma epithelium. The expression of three cytokeratin genes (KRT1, KRT10 and KRT19), the matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene (MMP9) and the tumor suppressor TP53 gene was measured by qRT-PCR in surgical samples of pediatric and adult cholesteatoma cases and their expression level was compared to that of normal skin samples from the retroauricular region of control individuals. Cholesteatoma samples were stratified according to the age of onset and recurrence for more detailed analysis. Our results showed identical expression pattern for KRT1 and KRT10, their expression was higher in pediatric cases than in adults, especially in pediatric recurrent samples. The expression level of KRT19 was inversely proportional to that of KRT1/KRT10, it was lower in the more invasive recurrent cases both in our pediatric and adult groups. As it was expected from the bone destructive behavior of cholesteatoma, a significantly elevated expression of MMP9 was measured in cholesteatoma samples, the highest level was found in adult recurrent cases. Low expression levels characterize the TP53 gene without significant differences in our samples. These findings demonstrate that cytokeratin expression distinguishes between pediatric/adult, nonrecurrent/recurrent cases, suggesting that distinct differentiation state and cell division potential characterize these cholesteatoma cases. KRT19 with a tumor suppressor potential might restrict the recurrence of cholesteatoma. The differences observed in gene expression profiles between cholesteatoma and control samples support the notion that cholesteatoma is a cystic lesion with tumor-like behavior because it is characterized by invasive, destructive growth and high tendency for recurrence.

Establishment of standardized diagnosis and treatment of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma in China

Eyelid sebaceous carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from Meibomian glands, Zeis glands, and other glands surrounding hair follicles. It is the second most common eyelid malignancy, following basal cell carcinoma, in China. Considering its diversified clinical manifestations and strong tendency for recurrence and metastasis, standardized cancer staging, surgical excision with frozen section control, and postsurgical follow-up has been internationally adopted with the aim to considerably reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. However, the lack of standardized and normalized staging, surgical treatment and follow-up in China inevitably caused high recurrence rate and low predictability of prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma. Therefore, it is of great significance to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma in China. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 481-483).

Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation of decompression followed by enucleation in the treatment of odontogenic keratocyst

Background/purposeThe classification and treatment of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) are controversial. The objective of this study was to present the efficiency of decompression followed by enucleation by clinical and histomorphometric evaluation for the treatment of OKC. Materials and methodsThirty four OKCs of 27 patients who underwent decompression followed by enucleation were included in this study. Clinical and histomorphometric analysis were performed. ResultsThe average decreasing rate was 59% in maximum diameter, 66% in the amount of the volume for the average of period of the decompression was 9.8 months. The mean of increasing rate of the thickness of the epithelial lining was 921.16%. There were no recurrences for a mean follow-up period of 5.8 years. The thin and friable cyst wall of the OKC was changed to thickened, hard type. ConclusionThe decompression was found to be effective and reliable as a treatment of the OKC to decrease the recurrence tendency, even for Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.